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Ferry demand fluctuates unpredictably across different seasons and holidays, posing significant scheduling challenges for operators and resulting in high operating costs and increased carbon emissions. To adapt to market demand variations, ferry operators often supplement their own fleets with leased vessels. Therefore, this paper explores sustainable leasing strategies between ferry leasing companies and operators under uncertain demand conditions, aiming to maximize ferry utilization efficiency. First, this paper develops leasing models under four contract types: wholesale pricing, unilateral options (call and put), and bidirectional options (a classic game-theoretic approach for optimizing decisions under demand fluctuations). Subsequently, it determines the optimal number of leased ferries for each strategy. Then, this paper conducts a comparative analysis of the four contracts, supplemented by sensitivity analysis. Finally, it examines the scenario where an operator purchases ferries instead of leasing them. A case study of a high-speed passenger ferry company in Zhuhai demonstrates that option contracts can mitigate demand uncertainty, thereby improving fleet utilization. The bidirectional option proves more flexible than the unilateral option. However, leasing is not always preferable to purchasing. The findings provide sustainable insights for ferry operators in designing leasing strategies, ultimately reducing operating costs and carbon emissions.

With the opening of the national carbon trading market and the coming of the post-epidemic era, the government actively promotes the carbon quota policy to fundamentally achieve carbon emission reduction. This paper corresponds the shipping cycle to the shipping market demand situation during the epidemic, incorporates the shipping cycle characteristics and government quota characteristics into a multi-stage evolutionary game model. Later, the study analyzes the equilibrium points of the game parties at each stage and finally investigates the influence of factors such as technological improvement on the strategy choice of shipping enterprises through sensitivity analysis. The study found that the government's carbon quota policy is influenced by shipping market demand. During the peak shipping season, the government's quota policy is binding on shipping enterprises. In the low season of shipping, the binding effect of government's quota policy on shipping enterprises will be reduced, or even appear to be invalid. Therefore, the government should forecast the demand situation of the shipping market, gradually relax the regulation during the peak season of shipping, and strengthen the regulation before the low season of shipping. Shipping enterprises should increase the research and development of carbon emission reduction technology to reduce carbon emissions from the root to realize the sustainable development of ports and marine-related industries in the post-epidemic era.

Italian prosecutors demand 26 years in jail for Concordia captain.

Italian prosecutors demand 26 years in jail for Concordia captain.

U.S. shipping sanctions to dent demand for dirty shipping fuel: Refinitiv.

Peruvian leader backs Bolivia's demand for port.

La Russie veut demander en 2012 à l'ONU d'étendre ses frontières arctiques.

Newcastle port expansion plans scrapped due to weak demand for coal.

Activists set sail across the Atlantic to Chile to demand curbs on flying.

Dutch multinationals demand more transparent CO2 reporting per container.

Coronavirus Disrupts Supply Of Ships And Demand -BIMCO.

Pirates demand ransom for oil tanker captured off coast of Somalia.

Vietnam Demands China Stop Cruises in South China Sea.

Vessel Demand Rises with New Alliances.

China, as a major maritime nation, the China Containerized Freight Index (CCFI) serves as an objective reflection of the Chinese shipping market and an important indicator for understanding China's shipping industry globally. The shipping market is a complex ecosystem influenced by various factors, including vessel supply and demand, cargo supply and demand relationships and prices, fuel prices, and competition from substitute and complementary markets. To analyze and study the state of the Chinese shipping market, we selected the CCFI as an indicator and collected data on six factors that may affect the overall shipping market. These factors include "the China Coastal Bulk Freight Index(CCBFI)", "the Baltic Dry Index(BDI)", "the Yangtze River Container Freight Index", "Global: Aluminum (minimum purity of 99.5%, London Metal Exchange (LME) spot price): UK landed price", "Major Ports: Container Throughput", and "Coal Price: US Central Appalachia: Coal Spot Price Index". Then, we constructed an analyticaland predictive framework using Deep Neural Network (DNN), CatBoost regression model, and robust regression model to study the CCFI. Based on the R2 results of the three models, it is evident that DNN provides the best analytical and predictive performance for the CCFI, accurately forecasting its changes. Additionally, the robust regression model indicates that "Global: Aluminum (minimum purity of 99.5%, LME spot price): UK landed price" has the greatest impact on the CCFI. Finally, from a business perspective, we provide some suggestions for China's container shipping industry.

For decades, the shipping sector has been incorporated into the global decarbonization process. At present, global shipping - as a whole - aims to reduce its emission levels by 40 % by 2030 in relation to the 2008 level. In reducing greenhouse gas emissions, regulations such as the MARPOL 73/78 Convention and Energy Efficiency Design Index as well as other monitoring and managing schemes already in operation (e.g., Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan and Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator) play a crucial role in measuring fuel consumption and ship engine emission output. Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) is another measure, projected to be ratified in 2023, in-line with decarbonization targets in which the International Maritime Organization has planned a 70 % reduction in emissions level by 2050 using the same 2008 baseline. For this to happen, ship speed may need to be reduced, a decrease of fleet capacity may also need to be considered, and new ships may need to replace older ones already in service. The costs of implementing these types of reforms are obviously significant to the sector. Such change will augment the overall shipping overhead, effecting subsequent transportation and consumer costs. This paper aims to specify the scale of the expected costs of implementing EEXI globally. The current maritime fleet has been analyzed in terms of energy demand, deadweight tonnage, and expected CO2 emission reduction marginal abatement costs (MAC). Two pathways to achieve the desired EEXI values are presented, including the most common and available technologies to reduce demand. These technologies are subjected to MAC valuation and presented quantitatively for the world fleet. The research also investigates alternative fuel options in regard to lessening the CO2 impact, developing wind support systems, and avoiding conventional advancements to ships (e.g., upgrading the propeller or the propulsion system). At length, the target of the work is t

Port accessibility is an important factor in the efficiency of a port collection and distribution systems. And the carbon emission of the collection and transportation system is large, which is an important factor that cannot be ignored when constructing the collection and transportation system. In order to analyze the carbon emission characteristics of the port collection and distribution system, the paper incorporates the carbon emission factor into the accessibility measurement of the port collection and distribution system. To solve the problem of unbalanced demand of each logistics node, the distribution of logistics demand in the system is realized by the method based on the appropriate freight volume. The carbon emission cost factor is introduced, and the accessibility measurement model based on the generalized cost impedance function is constructed. Taking the collection and distribution system of Douala Port in West Africa as an example to verify, the results show that, after adding the carbon emission factor, the accessibility of each logistics node shows different degrees of decline which shows that the addition of the carbon emission factor can be more comprehensive and can reflect the accessibility of the system.

The shipping industry's target of net-zero carbon emissions has boosted demand for biofuels, which are compatible with existing ship engines and therefore can be adopted relatively easily. However, Rystad Energy analysis shows that the capacity to produce biofuels-such as biodiesel and bio-liquefied natural gas (bio-LNG)-is not keeping up. Unconstrained biodiesel demand exceeds total supply and the outlook for bio-LNG is equally restricted, in both allocation and production.

To meet demand for increasingly popular cruise travel, international shipyards are building new ships as fast as they can.

To meet demand for increasingly popular cruise travel, international shipyards are building new ships as fast as they can.

Bound by the laws of the sea to help vessels in distress, shipping companies say Europe's migration crisis has placed unreasonable demands on their crews to act as lifesavers in the Mediterranean.

Bound by the laws of the sea to help vessels in distress, shipping companies say Europe's migration crisis has placed unreasonable demands on their crews to act as lifesavers in the Mediterranean.

China's dry-bulk shipping industry will likely see a surge in bankruptcies this year as freight rates hit record lows and the country's demand for imports wanes, consultancy Shanghai International Shipping Institute (SISI) said.

China's dry-bulk shipping industry will likely see a surge in bankruptcies this year as freight rates hit record lows and the country's demand for imports wanes, consultancy Shanghai International Shipping Institute (SISI) said.