IMT122 OUA Group

Web-based academic search engines such as CiteSeer(X), Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic Search and SciPlore have introduced a new era of search for academic articles.

With classic digital libraries, researchers have no influence on getting their articles indexed. They either have published in a publication indexed by a digital library, and then their article is available in that digital library, or they have not

citation counts obtained from Google Scholar are sometimes used to evaluate the impact of articles and their authors.

User identification is the process of establishing the user's identity and usually requires very little interaction on the user's part.

Authentication is the process of a user proving that s/he is actually the person who s/he claims.

Authorization is the final process in user-level security. It is the process of determining what resources a user can access after successful identification and authentication.

the WikiLeaks threat and the persistent leaking of other supposedly confidential corporate information have brought an important issue to the fore.

Companies are creating an ever-growing pile of digital information, from product designs to employees' e-mails.

Much of this information would do little damage if it seeped into the outside world; some of it, indeed, might well do some good. But some could also be valuable to competitors—or simply embarrassing—and needs to be protected. Companies therefore have to decide what they should try to keep to themselves and how best to secure it.

Several threats to the Web’s universality have arisen recently. Cable television companies that sell Internet connectivity are considering whether to limit their Internet users to downloading only the company’s mix of entertainment.

Social-networking sites present a different kind of problem. Facebook, LinkedIn, Friendster and others typically provide value by capturing information as you enter it

The sites assemble these bits of data into brilliant databases and reuse the information to provide value-added service—but only within their sites.

Web Consortium’s royalty-free patent policy says that the companies, universities and individuals who contribute to the development of a standard must agree they will not charge royalties to anyone who may use the standard.

Apple’s iTunes system, for example, identifies songs and videos using URIs that are open. But instead of “http:” the addresses begin with “itunes:,” which is proprietary. You can access an “itunes:”

martphone “apps” rather than Web apps is disturbing, because that material is off the Web.

The Web is an application that runs on the Internet

Although internet and web designs are separate, a Web user is also an Internet user and therefore relies on an Internet that is free from interference.

Technology for interference has become more powerful

Debate has risen again in the past year about whether government legislation is needed to protect net neutrality.

Accessing the information within an Internet packet is equivalent to wiretapping a phone or opening postal mail.

Totalitarian governments aren’t the only ones violating the network rights of their citizens.

Linking to the Future As long as the web’s basic principles are upheld, its ongoing evolution is not in the hands of any one person or organization—neither mine nor anyone else’s. If we can preserve the principles, the Web promises some fantastic future capabilities.

Locked within all these data is knowledge about how to cure diseases, foster business value and govern our world more effectively.

We should examine legal, cultural and technical options that will preserve privacy without stifling beneficial data-sharing capabilities.

A Text File Good old text is still not a bad way to store data. 

If you want to retrieve that information, you can use a script to tell the computer to organize the information in a particular way.   This is called parsing

Structured Text As you climb the data food chain, complex systems get developed to organize information. 

Your library or organization should consider adopting the following rules for network passwords:Passwords may not be blankPasswords must be seven or more characters longPasswords must use a mixture of letters (upper and lower case), numbers and charactersPasswords must be changed on a regular basisPasswords must be successively unique (in other words, users shouldn't use the same password repeatedly)Passwords must never be written down or posted in an insecure location (such as on a monitor)In addition, consider adding these prohibitions:Passwords cannot be the user's name, the name of someone in their family, or their birth datePasswords must not be constructed by adding a numeral or character to the beginning or end of a regular word; this is too easily guessed (e.g."chair1")

To help improve security on the web, the standard HTTP protocol was enhanced with an additional security layer called the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) to produce a new protocol called HTTPS (HTTP over a Secure socket layer).

Today, we cover URL shortening services:  Bit.ly, TinyURL, Ow.ly and friends.

Here are ten link shortening menaces for you to nibble on.

cross-site scripting vulnerability

Boolean logic consists of three logical operators: OR AND NOT

Combined AND and OR logic Question: I want information about the behavior of cats. Search: behavior AND (cats OR felines)