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To help improve security on the web, the standard HTTP protocol was enhanced with an additional security layer called the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) to produce a new protocol called HTTPS (HTTP over a Secure socket layer).

User identification is the process of establishing the user's identity and usually requires very little interaction on the user's part.

Authentication is the process of a user proving that s/he is actually the person who s/he claims.

Authorization is the final process in user-level security. It is the process of determining what resources a user can access after successful identification and authentication.

Your library or organization should consider adopting the following rules for network passwords:Passwords may not be blankPasswords must be seven or more characters longPasswords must use a mixture of letters (upper and lower case), numbers and charactersPasswords must be changed on a regular basisPasswords must be successively unique (in other words, users shouldn't use the same password repeatedly)Passwords must never be written down or posted in an insecure location (such as on a monitor)In addition, consider adding these prohibitions:Passwords cannot be the user's name, the name of someone in their family, or their birth datePasswords must not be constructed by adding a numeral or character to the beginning or end of a regular word; this is too easily guessed (e.g."chair1")

the WikiLeaks threat and the persistent leaking of other supposedly confidential corporate information have brought an important issue to the fore.

Companies are creating an ever-growing pile of digital information, from product designs to employees' e-mails.

Much of this information would do little damage if it seeped into the outside world; some of it, indeed, might well do some good. But some could also be valuable to competitors—or simply embarrassing—and needs to be protected. Companies therefore have to decide what they should try to keep to themselves and how best to secure it.

If you’ve used any of the popular Web 2.0 services over the past few years (e.g. Gmail, Wikipedia, Flickr or Twitter), you already have some experience with cloud computing

Like water and electricity, a computing cloud is a communally-shared resource that you lease on a metered basis, paying for as little or as much as you need, when you need it

Cloud computing is internet-based computing whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand.

Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet.

There are a range of applications that can be delivered to users via cloud computing models, from email or content management to specialist applications for activities such as project management or human resources management to data storage.