While the boosters, debunkers, and the panicked may
seem to be operating under completely different frames of reference, what they share is
the tendency to fetishize technology as a force with its own internal logic standing
outside of history, society and culture. The problem with all of these stances is that they
fail to recognize that technologies are in fact embodiments, stabilizations, and
concretizations of existing social structure and cultural meanings, growing out of an
unfolding history as part of a necessarily altered and contested future.