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"In a statement the ICO said the Trust reported the loss of an unencrypted memory stick containing treatment details "after a member of staff left it in an unattended vehicle" towards the end of last year. Other ICO cases revealed Central Lancashire Trust lost an encrypted memory stick with details of 6,360 prison patients of HMP Preston The North West London Hospitals Trust reported the theft of computers containing the details of test results of 361 patients. Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals Trust reported the loss and theft of computers containing details of 2,300 patients. The memory stick, which was privately owned, was discovered by a car wash attendant who was able to access the contents to establish ownership and returned it to the Trust. Three other health trusts have also been found to have breached the Data Protection Act: Central Lancashire Primary Care Trust, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust and Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust. All four have all signed formal undertakings outlining that they will process personal information in line with the Data Protection Act. "

The IT system is the behavior-based software that uses artificial intelligence. the stakeholders are the bank implementing this software and the customers of the bank. The area of impact is business and employment, specifically banking. The issue with the use of this system is reliability. If this software is not reliable, then the customers at the bank are less protected from fraud. Also an issue that arises from the use of this system is security. The use of this system is to protect against fraud. However, if the computer becomes insecure, fraud would not be detected. 

This is a really interesting case. Although it's not robots that one can see that are being used, banks are using artificial intelligence to help them recognize patterns and catch fraudulent people. Small banks are the real stakeholders in this case, and they want to protect their customers and their finances. The automation of the fraud-catching has given the banks more time and makes it easier to handle all the paperwork necessary for a case.

WikiLeaks has led to several problems related to privacy and security of government data. The legal debate weighs whether the posting of this data is against Constitutional laws, but many others in the Government fear the magnitude of this problem. Some people ask, what would the founding fathers have done....but the world of the internet is a whole other ball field. The latest on the WikiLeaks threats claim that Assange still has more documents which were uploaded onto the website. However, the files are encrypted. Many people have access to these files, but because they are in cipher text, they cannot be read. As soon as Assange, or anyone who has access to the information publishes the Public Key, the encrypted documents will be decoded, using the same software that Assange used to encrypt it. If these documents have material in them that could threaten national security, then the USFG will have a stronger case against Assange on the basis of a privacy breach. Because of the high security, and the reliability of the encryption software, these documents have little value at the moment. The Obama Administration is clearly keeping an eye on the situation, because they wish to protect the privacy of the documents, but also because they want to find a way to take down the documents before they create damage. However, there is an extreme level of difficulty in decrypting the data, which is protected by a mathematical algorithm specific to the software that Assange initially used. The intersection of the privacy of the Government and the reliable security that Assange used comes to show that the IT world is constantly expanding, beyond the prediction of one business, or even the Government. But these Assange and the USFG aren't the only ones involved. Many people around the world are trying to attain access to these documents, primarily in the US in order to understand national secrets that have been held back from the public. The internet as a form of media has transfo

continued.....transformed the notion of what is private and what isn't, and clearly now more than ever privacy needs to be secured. Maybe the USFG should look into some high security protocols such as encryption, and their data files wouldn't be intercepted and posted on the internet.

"The aim of the Isis project is to develop an ethics-centred monitoring framework and tools for supporting law enforcement agencies in policing online social networks for the purpose of protecting children. The project will develop natural language analysis techniques to help identify paedophiles from chat logs and monitoring mechanisms that can be non-invasively attached to file sharing systems for identifying the distributors of child abuse media. "

European data-protection chief Peter Hustinx talks about how far an IP address can stand as an ID Published: 04 Nov 2008 15:24 GMT

The Haredi community limits their access and use of the phone and internet to protect themselves. However, this causes a separation between those who have different views on what extent the limitation should be put up to.

This is a very interesting article, I am still shock how religion still influences some people today. It is even more shocking because in the article that I picked, the situation was exactly opposite. People and governments were demanding equality of access. I am shocked at this people are voluntarily limiting themselves from the rest of the world. I wonder in this ever evolving digital age will these traditions last for much longer?

This article exemplifies the impact that technological integration has had on the preservation of traditional customs and morality from the Jewish perspective. Interestingly technology in this case also defines a person for the strength of his or her religious commitment, for example: if one does not have a "kosher phone", then he is not to be admitted into Jewish society because he is ultimately characterized as being immodest and immoral. Restraining one's self from the magnetism of the internet and the dangers it also possesses is illustrated once one takes certain measures to signify the act of taking a stand to secure the sacredness of religion and customs. But once I began thinking about this concept, I started to change my mind gradually. I believe that yes, technology is a potential threat to one's "beliefs", but it only becomes a problem once the user allows such practices to get out of hand. We come back to the same idea: technology has become a label, something that defines us superficially in the minds of others. Just because one may not have a kosher phone, does not have to mean that that person is sending inappropriate texts to another cell phone user. Our bond of trust and reliability upon others is destroyed once we enter the position of forming inconclusive judgements based on the type of technology used and the limitations it draws.

RFID is a very valuable and new technology, that promises to bring many advantages to the business world, which is the main area of impact being addressed. RFID is the IT being discussed. It permits people to gain access to goods, data on products, and important financial data. There is, however, the concern over the issue of security and privacy, which go hand in hand. Stakeholders in the issue are normal people, who increasingly are surrounded by RFID tags, especially in their credit cards. Tags can also be used to track a person's movement, which some claim is an invasion of privacy. Defenders claim that most RFID tags are incapable of being read or trasmit data from up to 50 cm. However, this does depend on the tag's antenna and the encryption it may or may not use to protect its data. There is the continual concern however, that RFID tags will handle more sensitive data as its capabilities improve. The fact that RFID tags store information on databases is also a concern for privacy advocates. An RFID tag uploads onto the database information on financial transactions, buying, selling, etc. The location, time, and other information is stored on a log in the database. The RFID is essentially tracking users' movement. The security concern, which is more consequential to users, is what is done when the database that contains all the sensitive information is hacked or damaged, and security is breached. Such concerns and these issues' impacts are obviously paramount when dealing with RFID tags and the issues of privacy and security.

It would seem like a great idea to be able to see patient's medical records on the spot, clearly and accurately. However, RFID's should not be the technology used to do so. Some patients have had RFIDs implanted into their skin for doctors to scan but in rats, no less humans, there have been cases where links between the use of RFIDS under the skin and cancer has been linked together. Many people would know about this, especially if they were to have the procedure done but this isnt the problem. Companies using the technology are practicing it on those who cannot protect themselves from its  harm. Patients who have Alzheimer disease are commonly practiced on. The question that poses from this is what and will the government do anything to stop these companies, why was it approved of and is it worth the medical advantages?

In big corporations such as Wal-Mart, the use of RFIDs has increased, but the disadvantages of RFID is now a serious issue. With the use of RFIDs on items, the customer is able to avoid waiting at a register, and the RFID will charge the person's credit-card. Yet the tags embedded in the items bought, such as clothing, can be tracked down by the store management systems, risking customers' security and privacy. Since RFIDs do not require a power supply or batteries to operate, all that is needed is a wireless scanner, which Wal-Mart's managing system uses to keep track of the items. Privacy has now become a major issue within the use of RFIDs for many Wal-Mart customers. Also, in many credit cards and "gas-cards", RFIDs are being used, yet the information on the tags also stays within the system. At airports, many modern passports are now using RFID tags that can be scanned from a range as far as 30 feet. Thus this results in chaos for the passengers, and an issue in being able to control the airport security properly.

Large scale businesses like Wal-mart and government authorities in passport make use of sophisticated RFIDs which make the data stored in them or to be accesses through them safe, which helps them keep their business data or data of the clients(in some cases passport holders) safe, however many corporates make use of cheap RFIDs which have a weak encryption code to protect them. This code can be broken easily and hence the client of that RFID is vulnerable to hackers. Ford for example makes use of RFIDs manufactured by Texas Instruments, in their car keys. These RFIDs are protected by very weak codes, hence it is easy for thieves to break the code and steal cars.

"He added: "The intellectual property of a company can represent the crown jewels and are almost worth more than the building. This is the core asset of a company and any breach or loss can be very expensive." "

"According to Mr Greenlees, hackers and those intent on industrial espionage will use all the tools at their disposal to get their hands on data. Siemens consultant Colin Greenlees on how to protect against cyber criminals Far from needing a sophisticated computer system, good old-fashioned legwork can do the job just as well he has discovered"

"The debate surrounding the new Facebook privacy settings has been raging in the electronic community since its roll-out earlier this month. As Facebook stands to gain better ground with search engines thanks to the privacy adjustments, a plethora of privacy advocate groups have taken a critical look at the changes which allow for more user information to be made public. While many stronger privacy settings were put in place by Facebook, allowing for greater controls by the user, the ACLU and others argue that some important information is no longer optional to divulge, thus creating a breach of consumer privacy protection in their opinion. Profile pictures, location and gender are now among the settings that have gone from optional to mandatory settings available for everyone to see."

"The German government has warned web users to find an alternative browser to Internet Explorer to protect security."

"According to a new analysis, one out of five Web users still decides to leave the digital equivalent of a key under the doormat: they choose a simple, easily guessed password like "abc123," "iloveyou" or even "password" to protect their data."

This article talks about Data security regarding information kept in a computer. The stakeholders in this case are the employee and the customer. The IT system is, like previously mentioned, a computer. The issue regarding the system is reliability. If you have a customers information such as credit card numbers and other personal data, then security and reliability definitely come up as an issue. Computers are prone to get viruses which could wipe out all the information stored on your hardrive. Hackers and other spyware can also be another concern. Your customer is trusting you with their information. The article also proposes a solution. The solution would be to have two separate computers, one for personal uses and the other for work. That way, eliminating visiting websites that might have viruses.

This is a news report that RIM(research in motion ) I denying claims that India is now able to access the messages that many send through RIM secure network. This access includes company messages. However RIM refutes these claims and states they don't have access to any of this information. This is one part of a greater story India's government is not the only government that had problems with RIM due to lack of equality of service and the fact that RIM has the best encryption on their messages. There are many stakeholders such as RIM who are running a business that desires to make a profit and realize on their reputation on security, any company that uses blackberry service. The government that wants to have access to the messages to protect their national security, and finally the average consumer that loves using blackberry for their everyday lives. for the primary stakeholder which is RIM social and ethical issues are security, and reliability and integrity. Security refers to the protection of the blackberries encrypted network. The reliability and security concerns RIM's reputation for their secure networks. the primary scenario in this case is business and employment from various points of view, and the IT system is the blackberry cell phones.

Cipheroptics give data security and network encryption solutions to security enterprises, financial institutions, health care, and government agencies. NAEA (North American Energy Alliance) utilized Cipheropitics to protect their data, using encryption. Dominick Birolin, the network engineer for NAEA, states that the company was "looking for a solution that could protect our critical cyber assets and meet our unique deployment requirements when we found CipherOptics." They chose this over others because CipherOptics offers security solutions for high performance networks. In addition to that, "the company's wire-speed encryption appliances are able to secure any network without changing the underlying infrastructure or application performance." Encryption works: initially by the business putting the sensitive data in plaintext. Plaintext is the normal, readable digital text. The business, using Cipheroptics, then converts the text into ciphertext. This text is made in a way that it can only be read by someone who has the key to put it back into plaintext and make it readable. The business holds the private key, which enables them to encrypt, and keep private, the data while still managing to access it when necessary.

Please use this bookmark to post your reflections. Using a Paper 2 style approach, CRITERION A) identify the IT system and describe the issues. Identify the relationship of the major stakeholders to the issues. CRITERION B) Describe step-by-step how the system works and describe how the system is related to the issue(s). CRITERION C) Evaluate the impacts on society -- both positive and negative or from differing stakeholder's P.O.V. CRITERION D) Evaluate the efficacy of a solution to the problem.

There is another issue along with this involving the ability of researchers to have full access to the information about anyone. Many people want to maintain their right to privacy, but others argue that this could lead to new knowledge about diseases, and the development of new medicines. For those who are afraid of risking their privacy, there are standards developed in order to protect them. Their information, such as SSNs are encoded for security reasons and the DNA part of the project is voluntary, and not imposed. However, ethicists are still afraid of this database. They claim that the future of DNA is a valuable thing because it can predict the probability of diseases, life expectancies, etc. But all copies can be made available to the FBI, schools, etc. at the time of birth. For the Biotech Industry, this is seen as a huge advantage because people an be tested for hundreds of diseases. The awareness of the disease is a great thing, because it could lead to early prevention. However, the system is faulty because it sometimes doesn't provide certainty of a disease and it limits a person's privacy. Other times, there is no cure for the disease, so the patient cannot do anything even if they know. In relation to this, there also will arise severe psychological impacts of a person knowing that they have the possibility for getting a life threatening disease. If this is a disease that will affect them later on in life, it would be detrimental for a person to live their life without the hope of a prosperous future. A solution to this problem could be giving patients the choice of knowing or not.

Criterion A - The IT system is the DNA database containing information about the genetic past, present, and future of the patients. The primary issues associated with this database are of privacy and anonymity. These issues arise when patients, who are one of the major stakeholders, feel that that the information in these databases shouldn't be accessible to others, or anyone for that matter. While some believe this is private information, others believe that the information should not be known by anyone because of the ethical issues associated with knowing what will come in the future. Criterion B - The medical database is a relational database meaning that it establishes relationships between different tables in the database. The smallest building blocks of a relational database are items. Items are individual pieces of information in tables. These items are organized into fields and records. Fields are columns in a table that that represent different categories of information. Records are rows that represent all the information for a specific patient. At the cross-section of a particular record and field lies the item associated with a specific piece of information related to the specified patient. These tables are related to each other through links which are established by unique primary keys assigned to each patient. This system is related to the issue of privacy because the information contained within it is considered by many to be privileged and access to it should be very limited or altogether eliminated. Criterion C - The impacts of such a database on society are varied. Some people are very against the entire idea of a genetic database because of its ethical concerns. When people have their blood analyzed for DNA, they are giving up their genetic make-up. The information that can be obtained from such tests is considered by many to be privileged, and by others to be completely unethical in every way. Often people are against very private medical

"The ACLU of Northern California (ACLU-NC) has launched Demand Your dotRights, an online privacy initiative designed to spotlight the need to upgrade laws protecting consumer data. An interactive web hub for the campaign, features a two-minute Flash video that explains the digital information trail and illustrates what happens to our personal information after we log off. "