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Stabilizing Indigenous Languages: Preface - 0 views

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    Preface Richard E. Littlebear Our Native American languages have been oral since time immemorial. Some of them have been written only in the last three centuries. We must remember this oral tradition when we teach our languages. We sometimes negate this oral tradition by blindly following the only model for language teaching we know: the way we were taught the English language with its heavy emphasis on grammar. Teaching our languages as if they had no oral tradition is one factor which contributes to the failures of our Native American language teaching programs so that we now have what amounts to a tradition of failure. Probably because of this tradition of failure, we latch onto anything that looks as though it will preserve our languages. As a result, we now have a litany of what we have viewed as the one item that will save our languages. This one item is usually quickly replaced by another. For instance, some of us said, "Let's get our languages into written form" and we did and still our Native American languages kept on dying. Then we said, "Let's make dictionaries for our languages" and we did and still the languages kept on dying. Then we said, "Let's get linguists trained in our own languages" and we did, and still the languages kept on dying. Then we said, "Let's train our own people who speak our languages to become linguists" and we did and still our languages kept on dying. Then we said, "Let's apply for a federal bilingual education grant" and we did and got a grant and still our languages kept on dying. Then we said, "Let's let the schools teach the languages" and we did, and still the languages kept on dying. Then we said, "Let's develop culturally-relevant materials" and we did and still our languages kept on dying. Then we said, "Let's use language masters to teach our languages" and we did, and still our languages kept on dying. Then we said, "Let's tape-record the elders speaking our languages" and we did and still our languages ke
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One Native Life : ICT [2007/07/11] - 0 views

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    One Native Life Email this page Print this page Posted: July 11, 2007 by: Richard Wagamese Learning Ojibway I was 24 when the first Ojibway word rolled off my tongue. It felt all round and rolling, not like the spikey sound of English with all those hard-edged consonants. When I said it aloud, I felt like I'd really, truly spoken for the first time in my life. I was a toddler when I was removed from my family and if I spoke Ojibway at all then, it was baby talk and the language never had a chance to sit in me and grow. English became my prime language and even though I developed an ease and facility with it, there was always something lacking. It never really quite felt real, valid even. It was like a hazy memory that never quite reaches clarity and leaves you puzzled whenever it arises. When that first Ojibway word floated out from between my teeth, I understood. You see, that first word opened the door to my culture. When I spoke it, I stepped over the threshold into an entirely new way of understanding myself and my place in the world. Until then I had been almost like a guest in my own life, standing around waiting for someone or something to explain things for me. That one word made me an inhabitant. It was peendigaen. Come in. Peendigaen, spoken with an outstretched hand and a rolling of the wrist. Beckoning. Come in. Welcome. This is where you belong. I had never encountered an English word that had that resonance - one that could change things so completely. It was awkward at first. There's a softness to the language that's off-putting when you first begin to speak it. It's almost as if timelessness had a vocabulary. With each enunciation the word gained strength, clarity and I got the feeling that I was speaking a language that had existed for longer than any the world has known. This one had never been adapted to become other languages like English had evolved from Germanic tongues. Instead, the feeling of Ojibway in my throat was permanence. I
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BBC NEWS | Technology | Digital race to save languages - 0 views

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    Researchers are fighting against time to save decades of data on the world's endangered languages from ending on the digital scrap heap. Extract from a dictionary Preserving languages for future generations Computer scientist and linguist Professor Steven Bird of Melbourne University says most computer files, documents and original digital recordings created more than 10 years ago are now virtually irretrievable. Linguists are worried because they have been enthusiastic digital pioneers. Attracted by ever smaller, lighter equipment and vastly improved storage capacity, field researchers have graduated from handwritten notes and wire recordings to laptops, mini-discs, DAT tape and MP3. "We are sitting between the onset of the digital era and the mass extinction of the world's languages," said Prof Bird. "The window of opportunity is small and shutting fast." Languages disappearing "The problem is we are unable to ensure the digital storage lasts for more than five to 10 years because of problems with new media formats, new binary data formats used by software applications and the possibility that magnetic storage just simply degrades over time," said Professor Bird. When you record material in MP3 format now, what will happen in five years' time when a new format comes along? Prof Peter Austin, University of London There are a number of initiatives across the world to ensure that endangered languages are saved for future generations. "Linguists estimate that if we don't do anything, half of the world's languages will disappear in the next 100 years," said Professor Peter Austin of the School of Oriental and Africa Studies at the University of London. "There are currently about 6,500 languages in the world, so that's 3,000 languages completely going, lost forever," he told the BBC programme Go Digital. Professor Bird is involved in the Open Language Archive Community (OLAC), an attempt to create a international network of internet-based digital archives, u
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SPEAKING IN TONGUES - 0 views

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    "> TIME Logo JULY 7, 1997 VOL. 150 NO. 1 LANGUAGE SPEAKING IN TONGUES AS TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TOURISM AND TRADE MAKE THE WORLD A SMALLER PLACE, LANGUAGES ARE DYING AT AN ALARMING RATE BY JAMES GEARY Sitting in a circle with a dozen other members of the native American Tlingit (pronounced klink-it) tribe, Jon Rowan, a 33-year-old schoolteacher, mutters in frustration: "We're babies. All we speak is baby gibberish." The group is gathered at the community center in Klawock, a town of some 800 people on the eastern fringe of Prince of Wales Island. In the Gulf of Alaska, some 40 km off the Alaskan coast, Prince of Wales Island still survives in a state of pristine natural beauty. But this idyllic stretch of land is home to at least one endangered species: the Tlingit language. Rowan and his fellow tribesmen meet every other week in sessions like this to learn their native tongue before the last fluent tribal elder dies. But as Rowan's frustration indicates, the task is made more difficult because Tlingit is becoming extinct. Forty years ago, the entire tribe was fluent in the language, a guttural tongue that relies heavily on accompanying gesture for its meaning. Now it is spoken by only a handful of people throughout southern Alaska and portions of Canada, nearly all of whom are over the age of 60. Since Tlingit was not originally a written language, Rowan and company are trying to record as much of it as possible by translating just about anything they can get their hands on into Tlingit, from Christmas carols like Jingle Bells to nursery rhymes such as Hickory Dickory Dock. The plight of Tlingit is a small page in the modern version of the Tower of Babel story--with the plot reversed. The Old Testament describes the first, mythical humans as "of one language and of one speech." They built a city on a plain with a tower whose peak reached unto heaven. God, offended by their impudence in building something to rival His own creation, punished them by shatterin
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Selected Resources on Indigenous Language Revitalization - 0 views

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    Teaching Indigenous Languages Saturday, April 5, 2008 Teaching Indigenous Languages books | conference | articles | columns | contact | links | index | home Selected Resources on Native American Language Renewal Jon Reyhner The annual Stabilizing Indigenous Languages conferences have sought since 1994 to bring together tribal educators and experts on linguistics, language renewal, and language teaching to lay out a blueprint of policy changes, educational reforms, and community initiatives to stabilize and revitalize American Indian and Alaska Native languages. Much of the relevant previous literature on the subject is cited in the various papers included in Stabilizing Indigenous Languages, especially in Dr. Burnaby's paper in Section I, which emphasizes the Canadian experience. Since the publication of Stabilizing Indigenous Languages in 1996, Northern Arizona University has published five related books: * Reyhner, J.; Trujillo, O.; Carrasco, R.L.; & Lockard, L. (Eds.). (2003). Nurturing Native Languages. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University. On-line at http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/NNL/ * Burnaby, B., & Reyhner. J. (Eds.) (2002). Indigenous Languages Across the Community. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University. On-line at http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/ILAC/ * Reyhner, J.; Martin, J.; Lockard, L.; Gilbert, W.S. (Eds.). (2000). Learn in Beauty: Indigenous Education for a New Century. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University. On-line at http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/LIB/LIBconts.html * Reyhner, J.; Cantoni, G.; St. Clair, R.; & Parsons Yazzie, E. (Eds.). (1999). Revitalizing Indigenous Languages. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University. On-line at http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/RIL_Contents.html * Reyhner, J. (Ed.). (1997). Teaching Indigenous Languages. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University. On-line at http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/TIL_Contents.html The proceedings of the 1999 Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Conference
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Language Policy -- Endangered Languages - 0 views

  • Revitalizing Indigenous Languages (1998) "SPEAKING IN TONGUES: As Telecommunications, Tourism and Trade Make the World a Smaller Place, Languages Are Dying at an Alarming Rate," by James Geary, Time International Edition, July 7, 1997
akoyako :-)

Leoki: A Powerful Voice of Hawaiian Language Revitalization - 0 views

  • The Future of Leokï Hale Kuamoÿo staff have ambitious plans for expanding Leokï in several directions. They would like to add additional features to the system, such as audio-visual conferences. They want to provide more regular and systematic teacher training so that educators throughout the immersion program develop both the technical and pedagogical expertise to full use of the system. After most of the immersion schools are brought on to the network this year, they hope to gradually expand the Leokï network into other schools and colleges where Hawaiian language is taught, and eventually into private homes. One important area for expansion would be the native speaking community on the small island of Niÿihau, possibly through creative uses of solar power and satellite telecoommunictions. Eventually, it should be possible to establish more cross-Pacific ties, with Hawaiians communicating in Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages with the Mäori, Tongan, Tahitian, Samoan, and other Pacific peoples. These steps will be taken gradually though, to make sure that Leokï first builds a strong foundation as Hawaiian-medium gathering place for the teachers and students who are striving for native-like fluency in the kula kaiapuni (immersion schools). "I ka �ölelo nö ke ola, i ka �ölelo nö ka make." In the language there is life, and in the language there is death. Hawaiians have a proud history of taking advantage of a wide range of media, from song to dance to print, to preserve and the life of their language and culture. Now they are using the computer to provide one more powerful voice for language use and revitalization, and their example can be of potential benefit to other indigenous communities throughout the world.
akoyako :-)

California Indians gather in Berkeley to learn how to save dying languages - ContraCost... - 0 views

  • California Indians gather in Berkeley to learn how to save dying languagesBy Matt O'Brien Contra Costa TimesArticle Launched: 06/13/2008 06:19:38 PM PDT var requestedWidth = 0; Click photo to enlarge Leanne Hinton, professor emeritus of linguistics at U.C. Berkeley, discuss the Native American...«12345» viewer_currentlySelected = 1; viewer_lastIndex = 5; viewer_images = ['http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site571/2008/0613/20080613__ecct0614indian~1_Viewer.JPG','http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site571/2008/0613/20080613__ecct0614indian~2_Viewer.JPG','http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site571/2008/0613/20080613__ecct0614indian~3_Viewer.JPG','http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site571/2008/0613/20080613__ecct0614indian~4_Viewer.JPG','http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site571/2008/0613/20080613__ecct0614indian~5_Viewer.JPG']; viewer_widths = ['88','89','200','192','103']; viewer_heights = ['140','140','114','139','140']; viewer_captions = [" Leanne Hinton, professor emeritus of linguistics at U.C. Berkeley, discuss the Native American..."," Ernestine Ygnacio-DeSoto , a member of the Barbarine tribe from the Santa Barbara area,..."," Julia Bogany, Virginia Carmelo and Jacob Gutierrez, react to a language lesson in the Konkow..."," Lori Laiwa, giving a language lesson in the Central Pomo dialect at the Breath of Life..."," A language lesson in the dialect of the Monterey Ohlone native americans, presented as a one act..."]; viewer_galleryUrl = '/portlet/article/html/render_gallery.jsp'; viewer_articleId = '9580467'; viewer_siteId = '571'; viewer_isPreviewing = 'false'; viewer_isEmbedded = ''; viewer_activeButtonLead = 2; viewer_visibleButtonCount = 5; viewer_allowEnlargement = !isEmpty(viewer_galleryUrl); selectImage(1); displayOn('control_box'); function addToDimension(dim, val){ index = dim.indexOf('px'); if(index != -1){ dim = dim.substring(0, index); } dim = parseInt(dim) + val; return dim; } if(navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE") != -1){ $('photoviewer').style.width = addToDimension($('photoviewer').style.width, 2); $('caption').style.height = addToDimension($('caption').style.height, 2); } requestedWidth = 202; if(requestedWidth > 0){ document.getElementById('articleViewerGroup').style.width = requestedWidth + "px"; document.getElementById('articleViewerGroup').style.margin = "0px 0px 10px 10px"; } BERKELEY — The first time Barbara Pineda came into contact with a linguist, she was wary about what he wanted.An academic researcher from UC Berkeley was visiting her grandmother's home in Mendocino County in the early 1960s, taking notes as her family shared words from their Northern Pomo language."I thought he came to steal it," said Pineda, who was about 8 years old at the time. "My grandmother called me over and said, 'It's OK. He's a friend.'"Pineda, 53, is now trying to salvage the endangered language that her grandmother helped document decades ago. She is one of dozens of California Indians who gathered in Berkeley from across the state this week in hopes they can learn from the university, and from each other, how to preserve languages threatened with extinction."I'm trying to find the notes on her," Pineda said. "That's what inspired me to come here. It's coming back. What they took is coming back, in a good way."
akoyako :-)

Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One - 0 views

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    Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One W3C Recommendation 15 December 2004 This version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-webarch-20041215/ Latest version: http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/ Previous version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/PR-webarch-20041105/ Editors: Ian Jacobs, W3C Norman Walsh, Sun Microsystems, Inc. Authors: See acknowledgments (§8). Please refer to the errata for this document, which may include some normative corrections. See also translations. Copyright © 2002-2004 W3C ® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark, document use and software licensing rules apply. Your interactions with this site are in accordance with our public and Member privacy statements. Abstract The World Wide Web uses relatively simple technologies with sufficient scalability, efficiency and utility that they have resulted in a remarkable information space of interrelated resources, growing across languages, cultures, and media. In an effort to preserve these properties of the information space as the technologies evolve, this architecture document discusses the core design components of the Web. They are identification of resources, representation of resource state, and the protocols that support the interaction between agents and resources in the space. We relate core design components, constraints, and good practices to the principles and properties they support. Status of this document This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/. This is the 15 December 2004 Recommendation of "Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One." This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software developers, and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and is endorsed by the Directo
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Endangered Language Initiative - From Threatened Languages to Threatened Lives - 0 views

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    Field-worker and eminent linguistic theoretician speaks out on years of experience with dying languages in the jungles of Brazil. From Threatened Languages toThreatened Lives * Daniel L. Everett, Research Professor * Department of Linguistics * University of Manchester There are about 6,800 mutually unintelligible languages spoken in the world today. Many languages spoken in the past have ceased to exist and many languages not yet 'born' will come into being in the future. Since the beginning of Homo sapiens, new languages have been constantly emerging while others vanish forever. This is why many linguists say that the total number of actual languages spoken in the world at a given moment of human history is but an small fragment of the perhaps infinitely large total number of possible human languages. It might seem as though the death of one language is not a particularly serious event but, in fact, each loss is a terrible tragedy. A language is a repository of the riches of highly specialised cultural experiences. When a language is lost, all of us lose the knowledge contained in that language's words and grammar, knowledge that can never be recovered if the language has not been studied or recorded. Not all of this knowledge is of immediate practical benefit, of course, but all of it is vital in teaching us different ways of thinking about life, of approaching our day-to-day existence on planet earth. In my 25 years of field research on languages of the Brazilian Amazon, I have had the privilege of living for more than six years in villages of the Pirahã (pee-da-HAN) and other groups, such as the Banawá (ba-na-WA). . . . as the last seventy remaining Banawá speakers gradually switch to Portuguese. The Banawás, for example, are members of a select group of Amazonian Indians that make curare, a fast-acting and deadly strychnine-based poison used on blowgun darts and arrows. The ability to make this poison is the result of centuries of knowledge
akoyako :-)

Toward the Interoperability of Language Resources - 0 views

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    "Toward the Interoperability of Language Resources" is the topic of a workshop to be held July 13-15 at Stanford University in conjunction with the 2007 LSA Summer Institute. It will capitalize on the momentum of two workshops held in conjunction with the 2006 LSA Summer Meeting at Michigan State University: the Digital Tools Summit in Linguistics (DTSL), and the E-MELD (Electronic Metastructure for Endangered Languages Data) workshop on digital language documentation, which focused on "Tools and Standards: The State of the Art." A major aim of both E-MELD and DTSL has been to involve an interdisciplinary group of researchers in the resolution of pressing issues in linguistic data management. E-MELD has primarily stimulated the development, evaluation and amelioration of guidelines and standards for annotation, computer-assisted lexicography, ontologies, and extant tools; DTSL focused on catalyzing the development of the next generation of tools for linguistic inquiry. In focusing on interoperability, the TILR workshop will exploit the momentum of E-MELD and DTSL to involve an even more diverse group of researchers in addressing a critical issue in the development of cyberinfrastructure for linguistics. This meeting is intended to encourage tool developers to coordinate outputs of existing tools and to plan new tools that are extensible, modular, and renewable. If tools developed by one project can be readily adapted for other similar projects, this will not only conserve development time and effort, but also constitute major progress towards the ultimate goal of creating sustainable and accessible digital resources. Organizing Committee Sponsors Arienne Dwyer (U of Kansas), Co-Chair Helen Aristar-Dry (Eastern Michigan U), Co-Chair Anthony Aristar (Eastern Michigan U) Emily Bender (U of Washington) Steven Bird (U of Melbourne) Phil Cash Cash (U of Arizona) Christopher Cieri (Linguistic Data Consortium) Lori Levin (Carnegie Mellon U) Geoffrey Rockwell (McMast
akoyako :-)

What Will Globalization Do to Languages? A Freakonomics Quorum - Freakonomics - Opinion... - 0 views

  • May 28, 2008,  2:46 pm What Will Globalization Do to Languages? A Freakonomics Quorum By Stephen J. Dubner The headline says it all, although the unspoken question is: will globalization indeed result in the hegemony of English, as has long been promised/threatened? We gathered up some wise people who spend their time thinking about such things — Christian Rolling, Mark Liberman, Henry Hitchings, and John Hayden — and asked them to answer our question. Many thanks for their insights.
akoyako :-)

CJOnline / The Topeka Capital-Journal - Technology helps tribe pass on native speech - 0 views

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    Technology helps tribe pass on native speech By Ann Marie Bush The Capital-Journal Published Wednesday, March 05, 2008 POTAWATOMI RESERVATION - Cecelia "Meeks" Jackson is helping revitalize an almost lost language. Jackson, 85, is one of six people nationwide who fluently speak the Potawatomi language, Sydney Van Zile, director of the Prairie Band Potawatomi Language Center, said Tuesday. Print E-mail Comment Anthony S. Bush / The Capital-Journal Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation elder Cecelia "Meeks" Jackson works with Laverne Haag on recording translations from English to Potawatomi for the Phraselator on Tuesday. The Phraselator is a one-way communication translator being used by the Prairie Band Pottawatomi Nation to record and teach its language, which is spoken fluently by only six people. PRAIRIE BAND POTAWATOMI NATION The Potawatomi are very protective of their language. However, they did share three greetings: Bosho: Hello Bosho Nikan: Hello, friend Nitte na kin: How are you? Source: Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation Thanks to advanced technology, Jackson is sharing her knowledge with other members of the Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation through the Phraselator Language Companion, a one-way translator. "We are in a highly critical state now," Van Zile said of the language. "Life happens. There are things that replace it." The Phraselator Language Companion was invented by the U.S. military to communicate with Iraqis in the war on terror, said Don Thornton, president of Thornton Media Inc., based in Banning, Calif. After Thornton read about the technology, he contacted the defense contractor, Voxtec, for the right to use the technology for native language revitalization. He was denied, but continued on his quest. Three years ago, he received approval, and today the company works with more than 75 tribes and tribal organizations in the United States and Canada. The Phraselator is a handheld tool that allows a user to instantly translate spoken Englis
akoyako :-)

Military device holds key to saving Oneida language - 0 views

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    Military device holds key to saving Oneida language Jennifer O'Brien Sun Media November 28, 2007 The problem is, Oneida children don't speak Oneida -- haven't for three generations -- say leaders from the area First Nation. TRANSLATES: The hand-held Phraselator seems like a gadget out of the original Star Trek. Load an SD card with the appropriate language software, speak an English phrase into the unit and it immediately translates. (KEN WIGHTMAN/Sun Media) EXCITING: Verland Cornelius, 78, right, spoke Oneida when she was a young girl and today she is part of an effort to save the language for future generations. With Cornelius at the training session in the use of the new language-protecting equipment are, from left, Olive Elm,, Darelyn Doxtator, Mary Elijah who is director of the Oneida Language Cultural Centre, and Bonita Abram, all members of the Oneida Nation. (KEN WIGHTMAN/Sun Media) But suddenly, thanks to a military tool, the Oneida of the Thames community has found a way to tap into a solution for its dying language. One that was there all along. Some of the 2,000-strong community's eldest -- only 90 still speak fluent Oneida -- spent yesterday recording phrases in their native language onto machines called Phraselators. "This is going to revitalize our language before it dies," said Mary Elijah, director of Oneida Language and Cultural Centre, gesturing to one of eight hand-held devices recently bought by the settlement. "This (Phraselator) is going to outlive everybody." And not a moment too soon, she said, adding the youngest Oneida speaker is 50 years old, and most are over 70. Created for the U.S. military, the Phraselator LC allows the user to translate English words into any native language. It's used by soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan, said Don Thornton, who has distribution rights to deliver the device to native settlements across Canada and the U.S. Thornton, who is Cherokee and originally from Oklahoma, lobbied the U.S. Army for
akoyako :-)

"My ancestors were speaking to me" - 6 views

The first time Jose Freeman heard his tribe's lost language through the crackle of a 70-year-old recording, he cried. "My ancestors were speaking to me," Freeman said of the sounds captured when ...

language lost

started by akoyako :-) on 12 May 08 no follow-up yet
Emilia Bell

The Hottest Speaker in Australia - 1 views

started by Emilia Bell on 13 Nov 12 no follow-up yet
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Audiamus Versions 1 and 2 - 0 views

  • Audiamus  Versions 1 and 2 A tool for building corpora of linked transcripts and digitised media. Nick Thieberger November 2007 thien@unimelb.edu.au Overview Audiamus is a tool developed in the course of writing a grammatical description of South Efate. The need for a special tool arose in the absence of a simple method to work interactively with digitised ethnographic field tapes via their transcripts. It is designed with the key principles of reusability of and accessibility to the data, and with the basic premise that every example quoted in the grammar should be provenanced to an archival source if possible. A sample workflow for using Audiamus is outlined below. It shows that media is time-aligned, then added to the Audiamus corpus from where it can be exported to Shoebox while maintaining timecodes. Audiamus is not a transcription tool!
akui :-)

Internet Download Manager: the fastest download accelerator - 0 views

  • Internet Download Manager (IDM) is a tool to increase download speeds by up to 5 times, resume and schedule downloads. Comprehensive error recovery and resume capability will restart broken or interrupted downloads due to lost connections, network problems, computer shutdowns, or unexpected power outages. Simple graphic user interface makes IDM user friendly and easy to use.Internet Download Manager has a smart download logic accelerator that features intelligent dynamic file segmentation and safe multipart downloading technology to accelerate your downloads. Unlike other download managers and accelerators Internet Download Manager segments downloaded files dynamically during download process and reuses available connections without additional connect and login stages to achieve best acceleration performance.
akui :-)

50 Awesome Open Source Resources for Online Writers - 0 views

  • 50 Awesome Open Source Resources for Online Writers Published on Tuesday April 29th , 2008By Christina Laun With the popularity of blogging and online journals, writers working in the online realm have a growing number of opportunities all the time to practice and refine their craft, and maybe even get paid for it. And if you're working online, why not take advantage of all the opportunities to get great free and open source resources that can help you to write, edit and organize your work? Here's a list of fifty open source tools that you can use to make your writing even better.
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Saving Dying Languages - 0 views

  • The Impassioned Fight to Save Dying Languages More and more voices are speaking up to keep them from being overwhelmed by English and global pressures. By ROBERT LEE HOTZ, Times Science Writer
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