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jclaiborne145

MRSA: Contagious, Symptoms, Casues, Prevention, Treatments - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...esistant-staphylococcus-aureus

shared by jclaiborne145 on 04 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body.
  • sores or boils
  • In fact, one third of everybody has staph bacteria in their noses.
  • ...49 more annotations...
  • most common causes of skin infections in the U.S.
  • MRSA was first discovered in 1961.
  • MRSA is spread by contact. So, you could get MRSA by touching another person who has it on the skin.
  • CA-MRSA skin infections have been identified among certain populations that share close quarters or have more skin-to-skin contact. Examples are team athletes, military recruits, and prison inmates.
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      Mr. Deflitch, I know someone already used this site, but I also found it. So my highlights are in green, and whoever else highlighted is in blue.
  • The symptoms of MRSA depend on where you're infected. Most often, it causes mild infections on the skin
  • staphylococcus aureus -- or staph
  • the average age of people with MRSA in a hospital or health care facility was 68. But the average age of a person with CA-MRSA was only 23.
  • Garden-variety staph are common bacteria that can live in our bodies. Plenty of healthy people carry staph without being infected by it.
  • Staph is one of the
    • melissabergmann
      melissabergmann on 06 Sep 14
       
      MRSA
  • Staph can usually be treated with antibiotics. But over the decades, some strains of staph -- like MRSA -- have become resistant to antibiotics that once destroyed it.
  • While some antibiotics still work, MRSA is constantly adapting. Researchers developing new antibiotics are having a tough time keeping up.
  • MRSA infections are common among people who have weak immune systems and are in hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care centers.
  • Alarmingly, MRSA is also showing up in healthy people who have not been hospitalized. This type of MRSA is called community-associated MRSA, or CA-MRSA. The CDC reports that in 2007, 14% of people with MRSA infections contracted them outside of a health care setting.
  • Studies have shown that rates of CA-MRSA infection are growing fast. One study of children in south Texas found that cases of CA-MRSA had a 14-fold increase between 1999 and 2001.
  • CA-MRSA is also infecting much younger people.
  • Though most MRSA infections aren't serious, some can be life-threatening.
  • is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body.
  • staph can be a problem if it manages to get into the body
  • t can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract.
  • Many public health experts are alarmed by the spread of tough strains of MRSA. Because it's hard to treat, MRSA is sometimes called a "super bug."
  • can appear around surgical wounds or invasive devices, like catheters or implanted feeding tubes.
  • Less often, staph can cause serious problems like infected wounds or pneumonia.
  • now resistant to methicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, and many other antibiotics.
  • because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • auses infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus -- or staph -- because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • ymptoms of MRSA depend on where you're infected. Most often, it causes mild infections on the skin, like sores or boils. But it can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract.
  • bacteria that can live in our bodies.
  • ome can be life-threatening. Many public health experts are alarmed by the spread of tough strains of MRSA. Because it's hard to treat, MRSA is sometimes called a "super bug."
  • What Causes MRSA?
  • Staph can usually be treated with antibiotics. But over the decades, some strains of staph -- like MRSA -- have become resistant to antibiotics that once destroyed it.
  • was first discovered in 1961
  • 's now resistant to methicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, and many other antibiotics
  • pread by contact.
  • MRSA is carried by about 2% of the population (or 2 in 100 people), although most of them aren't infected.
  • ates of infection in hospitals have been steadily declining since 2005.
  • Rates of community-associated MRSA, or infection of healthy people who have not been hospitalized, have also decreased since 2005.
  • mild infections on the skin, like sores or boils. But it can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract.
  • it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • But over the decades, some strains of staph -- like MRSA -- have become resistant to antibiotics that once destroyed it.
  • Because it's hard to treat, MRSA is sometimes called a "super bug."
  • one third of everybody has staph bacteria in their noses.
  • Staph is one of the most common causes of skin infections in the U.S.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
  • It's now resistant to methicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, and many other antibiotics.
  • MRSA is spread by contact.
  • MRSA is carried by about 2% of the population (or 2 in 100 people), although most of them aren't infected.
  • Examples are team athletes, military recruits, and prison inmates.
  • the average age of people with MRSA in a hospital or health care facility was 68.
  • amanda944 on 04 Sep 14
     
    MRSA WebMD
bwilliams181

MRSA - Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, San Francisco Department of Public ... - 0 views

www.sfcdcp.org/mrsa.html

EnglishII deflitch prevention infection MRSA

shared by bwilliams181 on 17 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Staphylococcus aureus, otherwise known as "Staph.," is a very common type of bacteria (or germ).
  • Up to half of all people carry Staph on their skin and in other areas of the body.
  • But Staph sometimes does cause actual infections.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Some people with MRSA might think they have a "spider bite."
  • Signs of a skin infection include redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness of the skin.
  • Recently there have been more MRSA infections outside of hospitals or other healthcare settings. The type of MRSA that causes those infections is called community-associated MRSA, or CA-MRSA. CA-MRSA usually causes minor skin infections but it can cause severe infections, even in healthy people. It also requires treatment with different antibiotics, but it is much easier to treat than HA MRSA.
  • Who is at risk of getting MRSA? Everyone is at risk of getting MRSA. In general, the factors that make people more susceptible to MRSA infections are the 5 "Cs":   Frequent skin-to-skin contact Compromised skin (i.e., cuts or abrasions) Contaminated items and surfaces Crowding Lack of cleanliness.
  • Can I get MRSA at the gym? While MRSA is primarily transmitted by skin-to-skin contact, there have been reported cases of transmission from environmental surfaces or equipment. To prevent this, wash hands before and after use, use a towel or clothing as a barrier between surfaces (such as exercise equipment or sauna benches) and bare skin, and keep wounds dry and covered.
  • Are HIV-infected people at greater risk of getting MRSA? There is some evidence that people with weakened immune systems, including those with HIV infection, might be at higher risk of getting MRSA. Plus, when people with weakened immune systems do get MRSA infections, the infections tend to be more serious. Click here for more information.
  • Is MRSA a sexually transmitted disease (STD)? Data do not exist to determine whether sex itself - anal, oral, or vaginal intercourse - spreads MRSA. But we do know that skin-to-skin contact, which occurs during sex, can spread MRSA.  Therefore, wearing a condom is unlikely to prevent infection.
  • How do I protect myself from getting and spreading MRSA? Practice good hygiene:   Wash your hands frequently with soap and water. If soap is not available, use hand sanitizer instead. Showering or washing after contact sports, gym use, or sex may reduce the risk of skin-to-skin transmission. Keep wounds covered with clean, dry bandages. Take antibiotics only as prescribed by a healthcare provider Do not share personal items such as used towels, clothes, razors, or anything that makes contact with skin. Clean and disinfect items that are shared before and after every use (athletic/workout equipment) with disinfectant or detergent. A list of products approved by the Environmental Protection Agency that are effective against MRSA is available here. These products should be used only as directed. Use lotion to keep skin moist; damaged skin can provide an opening for infection.
bwilliams181

How to Prevent MRSA Infection | Precautions & Skin Care Tips - 0 views

www.defensesoap.com/preventing-mrsa.html

MRSA EnglishII deflitch prevention Challenge1

shared by bwilliams181 on 17 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Screening programs Patient screening upon hospital admission, with nasal cultures, prevents the cohabitation of MRSA carriers with non-carriers, and exposure to infected surfaces.
  • Alcohol has been proven to be an effective surface sanitizer against MRSA. Quaternary ammonium can be used in conjunction with alcohol to extend the longevity of the sanitizing action.
  • The prevention of nosocomial infections involves routine and terminal cleaning. Non-flammable Alcohol Vapor in Carbon Dioxide systems (NAV-CO2) do not corrode metals or plastics used in medical environments and do not contribute to antibacterial resistance.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • MRSA can survive on surfaces and fabrics, including privacy curtains or garments worn by care providers.
  • Complete surface sanitation is necessary to eliminate MRSA in areas where patients are recovering from invasive procedures.
  • MRSA upon admission, isolating MRSA-positive patients, decolonization of MRSA-positive patients, and terminal cleaning of patients' rooms and all other clinical areas they occupy is the current best practice protocol for nosocomial MRSA.
  • After the drainage of boils or other treatment for MRSA, patients can shower at home using chlorhexidine (Hibiclens) or hexachlorophene (Phisohex) antiseptic soap from head to toe, and apply mupirocin (Bactroban) 2% ointment inside each nostril twice daily for 7 days, using a cotton-tipped swab. Doctors may also prescribe strong antibotics such as Clindamycin, Levofloxacin (Levaquin), and possibly Flagyl for the side effects of the Clindamycin. Household members are recommended to follow the same decolonization protocol.
  • To prevent the spread of Staph Infection or MRSA Infection in the workplace, employers should ensure the availability of adequate facilities and supplies that encourage workers to practice good hygiene; that surface sanitizing in the workplace is followed; and that contaminated equipment are sanitized with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered disinfectants.
bwilliams181

HowStuffWorks "MRSA Prevention" - 1 views

health.howstuffworks.com/...mrsa3.htm

MRSA Challenge1 prevention EnglishII deflitch

shared by bwilliams181 on 17 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • All of the antibacterial soaps and lotions that were supposed to protect all of us from germs and bugs have actually helped MRSA become such powerful bacteria.
  • In the gym: Keeping those personal items that touch your skin all to yourself is a good place to start. Don't let other people borrow your razor, soap, or even towel. If you go to the gym, don't wear the same clothes twice without washing them (use bleach in the load). It also doesn't hurt to take a shower
  • Cuts and scrapes: You can also prevent MRSA infections by cleaning cuts and scrapes with alcohol and properly bandaging them. Be sure to ask your doctor what kind of ointment to use -- antibacterial ointments may only make the MRSA problem worse.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • It's also important to have yourself screened if you think you may have a MRSA infection. Stopping the infection before it spreads too deeply greatly increases your chances of avoiding a life-threatening situation.
  • Clean hands: Simply washing your hands helps, too. Throughout the day we touch all manner of things other people have touched: ATMs, doorknobs, flush handles on toilets. It's a good idea to wash your hands as often as possible. The Mayo Clinic also recommends you sanitize your hands with a liquid or gel sanitizer that's at least 62 percent alcohol. This comes in handy whenever there's not a restroom nearby.
  • Your health-care worker: Hospitals house sick people, and health-care workers can easily spread MRSA through improper hand washing. Don't be afraid to ask your healthcare provider to wash his or her hands whenever she touches you. Be sure the workers use alcohol-based disinfectants and soap.
  • Treatment devices: You can also get a leg up on MRSA by making sure that any type of instrument the hospital uses for your treatment or care is sterile. When health-care workers use an instrument for an invasive procedure -- such as dialysis -- ask them to disinfect the area around the point of entry with alcohol.
  • A nice bath: If you're bedridden, you can request to be bathed with disposable cloths and disinfectant instead of reusable towels and soap and water.
dianavillalpando

Healthcare-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or HA-MRSA - 0 views

infectiousdiseases.about.com/...HA-MRSA.htm

MRSA HSA Challenge1 deflitch

shared by dianavillalpando on 06 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Healthcare-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or HA-MRSA, is a potentially deadly strain of Staph aureus that is resistant to several antibiotics. This superbug has been appearing more and more in hospitals and other healthcare settings, representing a growing public health problem in the United States.
  • While these patients are the most common source of the bacteria, transmission occurs when healthcare workers’ hands touch other patients who are HA-MRSA carriers
  • Other sources of transmission in healthcare settings include open wounds, catheters, or breathing tubes.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • Who’s at risk?
  • where patients undergo invasive medical procedures or have weakened immune systems.
  • HA-MRSA infections may include surgical wound infections, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia
  • kin infection may appear as a red, swollen, painful area on the skin.
  • orm of an abscess, boil, or pus-filled lesion,
  • accompanied by fever and warmth
  • life-threatening, especially without treatment.
  • More serious HA-MRSA infections have symptoms that include chest pain, chills, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and rash.
  • Antibiotics (not including methicillin) are usually the first choice
  • More serious infections may require hospitalization, during which treatments may include intravenous fluids and medication, kidney dialysis (in case of kidney failure) and oxygen therapy (increasing oxygen supply to the lungs).
  • Prevention: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water
  • How it causes disease:
  • Staph aureus sticks to different kinds of tissue within the body and has ways of evading the immune response
  • Many symptoms of Staph aureus infections occur as a result of tissue destruction by bacterial enzymes. For example, Staph aureus produces toxins, known as superantigens, that can induce septic shock.
  • In hospital settings, Staph aureus can form a slimy material, called a biofilm, on certain solid surfaces (catheters and prosthetic devices); the biofilm serves as a protective barrier against the immune system and antimicrobial agents.
  • dianavillalpando on 10 Sep 14
     
    HSA MRSA
kgroves873

Deadly 'superbugs' escaped hospitals, now infecting homes - NaturalNews.com - 0 views

www.naturalnews.com/s_MRSA_infectious_disease.html

hospitals homes English MRSA HSA Challenge1 infection meningitis EnglishII MRSAGoogleGroup deflitch diseases

shared by kgroves873 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • For the first time, the antibiotic-resistant superbug methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been identified in common households,
  • problem will likely only get worse over time.
  • antibiotic overuse both on commercial farms and in Western medicine.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • little is known about where else these deadly critters might be hiding,
  • exception of new research based out of New York City.
  • discovered that superbugs like MRSA are literally jumping ship from hospitals into people's homes, which are becoming "major reservoirs" for these deadly strains.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), the study involved looking at the homes of 161 New York City residents who contracted MRSA between the years of 2009 and 2011. Dr. Anne-Catrin Uhlemann and her colleagues took bacterial samples from each of the individuals, as well as from a comparison group not infected with the pathogen.
  • common MRSA strain known as USA300, which CBS News says is a leading cause of community MRSA infections across the U.S., was found inside the homes of many of the infected participants. It was also found in a similar genetic form in these participants' family members, suggesting that MRSA literally breeds within individual households when not fully eradicated.
  • certain with regards to how significant the threat of a superbug infection is from surfaces, as bacteria tend not to survive very long without access to appropriate temperatures and moisture levels. But almost everyone is in agreement that it is probably not a good idea to leave surfaces unattended and to always sanitize them to avoid infection.
  • Human beings are a much bigger threat
  • kgroves873 on 10 Sep 14
     
    More about Mrsa
dianavillalpando

MRSA and the Workplace - 0 views

www.cdc.gov/mrsa

MRSA HSA Challenge1 deflitch

shared by dianavillalpando on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) refers to types of staph that are resistant to a type of antibiotic methicillin.
  • Staph infections, including MRSA, occur most frequently among persons in hospitals and healthcare facilities (such as nursing homes and dialysis centers) who have weakened immune systems.
  • Staph and MRSA can also cause illness in persons outside of hospitals and healthcare facilities. MRSA infections that are acquired by persons whohave not been recently (within the past year) hospitalized or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis, surgery, catheters) are known as community-associated MRSA infections.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Keep areas of the skin affected by MRSA covered. Keep wounds that are draining or have pus covered with clean, dry bandages. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions on proper care of the wound. Pus from infected wounds can contain staph and MRSA, so keeping the infection covered will help prevent the spread to others. Bandages or tape can be discarded with the regular trash.
  • Cover your wound.
  • You, your family, and others in close contact should wash their hands frequently with soap and warm water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, especially after changing the bandage or touching the infected wound.
  • Clean your hands.
  • Avoid sharing personal items such as uniforms, personal protective equipment, clothing, towels, washcloths or razors that may have had contact with the infected wound or bandage.
  • Do not share personal items
  • Talk to your doctor.
  • Tell any healthcare providers who treat you that you have or had a staph or MRSA skin infection.
gseiber103

MRSA : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia - 0 views

www.nlm.nih.gov/...007261.htm

mrsa hsa deflitch English

shared by gseiber103 on 06 Sep 14 - Cached
  • methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus
  • “staph” germ that does not get better with the first-line antibiotics that usually cure staph infections.
  • the germ is “resistant” to the antibiotic.
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • spread by skin-to-skin contact
  • A doctor, nurse, other health care provider, or visitors may have staph germs on their body that can spread to a patient.
  • Once the staph germ enters the body, it can spread to bones, joints, the blood, or any organ, such as the lungs, heart, or brain.
  • Serious staph infections
  • more common in people with a weakened immune system.
  • Are in hospitals and long-term care facilities for a long timeAre on kidney dialysis (hemodialysis)Receive cancer treatment or medicines that weaken their immune systemInject illegal drugs.Had surgery in the past year
  • can also occur in healthy people who have not recently been in the hospital.
  • Athletes and other people who may share items such as towels or razorsChildren in day-careMembers of the militaryPeople who have gotten tattoos
  • MRSA infections in patients in health care facilities tend to be severe.
  • staph infections may be in the bloodstream, heart, lungs, or other organs, urine, or in the area of a recent surgery
  • symptoms
  • Chest painCough or shortness of breathFatigueFever and chillsGeneral ill feelingHeadacheRashWounds that do not heal
  • Draining a skin infection may be the only treatment needed for a skin MRSA infection that has not spread
  • Do not try to pop open or drain the infection yourself. Keep any sore or wound covered with a clean bandage.
  • Severe MRSA infections are becoming harder to treat.
  • MRSA infections that are harder to treat are ones in:Lungs or bloodPeople who are already ill or have a weak immune system
  • prevent the spread of staph is for everyone to keep their hands clean
  • jtolercamien290 on 06 Sep 14
     
    MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA is a "staph" germ that does not get better with the first-line antibiotics that usually cure staph infections. When this occurs, the germ is "resistant"to the antibiotic. Causes Most staph germs are spread by skin-to-skin contact (touching).
gseiber103

MRSA: Get Facts on This Staph Infection and MRSA Symptoms - 0 views

www.medicinenet.com/...article.htm

mrsa hsa deflitch English

shared by gseiber103 on 07 Sep 14 - Cached
  • MRSA means methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
  • classified as CA-MRSA (community acquired) or HA-MRSA (hospital- or health-care-acquired)
  • person to person by direct contact with the skin, clothing, or area (for example, sink, bench, bed, and utensil) that had recent physical contact with a MRSA-infected person.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • CA-MRSA starts as skin infections
  • HA-MRSA can begin an infection of the skin, a wound
  • draining pus is often one of the first signs
  • MRSA infections are diagnosed by culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
  • almost always found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics.
  • need to have antibiotic susceptibility
  • frequently involves the use of vancomycin, often in combination with other antibiotics given by IV; CA-MRSA can often be treated
  • Prevention of MRSA is possible by excellent hygiene practices, avoiding skin contact with infected people or items they have touched, and by wearing disposable gloves, gowns, and masks when treating or visiting hospitalized MRSA patients
  • one of the 18 microbes listed by the CDC as a multidrug-resistant microbe or "superbug."
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