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bwilliams181

How to Prevent MRSA Infection | Precautions & Skin Care Tips - 0 views

www.defensesoap.com/preventing-mrsa.html

MRSA EnglishII deflitch prevention Challenge1

shared by bwilliams181 on 17 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Screening programs Patient screening upon hospital admission, with nasal cultures, prevents the cohabitation of MRSA carriers with non-carriers, and exposure to infected surfaces.
  • Alcohol has been proven to be an effective surface sanitizer against MRSA. Quaternary ammonium can be used in conjunction with alcohol to extend the longevity of the sanitizing action.
  • The prevention of nosocomial infections involves routine and terminal cleaning. Non-flammable Alcohol Vapor in Carbon Dioxide systems (NAV-CO2) do not corrode metals or plastics used in medical environments and do not contribute to antibacterial resistance.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • MRSA can survive on surfaces and fabrics, including privacy curtains or garments worn by care providers.
  • Complete surface sanitation is necessary to eliminate MRSA in areas where patients are recovering from invasive procedures.
  • MRSA upon admission, isolating MRSA-positive patients, decolonization of MRSA-positive patients, and terminal cleaning of patients' rooms and all other clinical areas they occupy is the current best practice protocol for nosocomial MRSA.
  • After the drainage of boils or other treatment for MRSA, patients can shower at home using chlorhexidine (Hibiclens) or hexachlorophene (Phisohex) antiseptic soap from head to toe, and apply mupirocin (Bactroban) 2% ointment inside each nostril twice daily for 7 days, using a cotton-tipped swab. Doctors may also prescribe strong antibotics such as Clindamycin, Levofloxacin (Levaquin), and possibly Flagyl for the side effects of the Clindamycin. Household members are recommended to follow the same decolonization protocol.
  • To prevent the spread of Staph Infection or MRSA Infection in the workplace, employers should ensure the availability of adequate facilities and supplies that encourage workers to practice good hygiene; that surface sanitizing in the workplace is followed; and that contaminated equipment are sanitized with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered disinfectants.
bwilliams181

HowStuffWorks "MRSA Prevention" - 1 views

health.howstuffworks.com/...mrsa3.htm

MRSA Challenge1 prevention EnglishII deflitch

shared by bwilliams181 on 17 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • All of the antibacterial soaps and lotions that were supposed to protect all of us from germs and bugs have actually helped MRSA become such powerful bacteria.
  • In the gym: Keeping those personal items that touch your skin all to yourself is a good place to start. Don't let other people borrow your razor, soap, or even towel. If you go to the gym, don't wear the same clothes twice without washing them (use bleach in the load). It also doesn't hurt to take a shower
  • Cuts and scrapes: You can also prevent MRSA infections by cleaning cuts and scrapes with alcohol and properly bandaging them. Be sure to ask your doctor what kind of ointment to use -- antibacterial ointments may only make the MRSA problem worse.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • It's also important to have yourself screened if you think you may have a MRSA infection. Stopping the infection before it spreads too deeply greatly increases your chances of avoiding a life-threatening situation.
  • Clean hands: Simply washing your hands helps, too. Throughout the day we touch all manner of things other people have touched: ATMs, doorknobs, flush handles on toilets. It's a good idea to wash your hands as often as possible. The Mayo Clinic also recommends you sanitize your hands with a liquid or gel sanitizer that's at least 62 percent alcohol. This comes in handy whenever there's not a restroom nearby.
  • Your health-care worker: Hospitals house sick people, and health-care workers can easily spread MRSA through improper hand washing. Don't be afraid to ask your healthcare provider to wash his or her hands whenever she touches you. Be sure the workers use alcohol-based disinfectants and soap.
  • Treatment devices: You can also get a leg up on MRSA by making sure that any type of instrument the hospital uses for your treatment or care is sterile. When health-care workers use an instrument for an invasive procedure -- such as dialysis -- ask them to disinfect the area around the point of entry with alcohol.
  • A nice bath: If you're bedridden, you can request to be bathed with disposable cloths and disinfectant instead of reusable towels and soap and water.
blake_hood5572

MRSA Photos | Community | MRSA | CDC - 0 views

www.cdc.gov/...index.html

MRSA challenge1 HSA

shared by blake_hood5572 on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
    • blake_hood5572
      blake_hood5572 on 03 Sep 15
       
      this is what happens to you and what the early stages are.
  • n the community, most MRSA infections are skin infections that may appear as pustules or boils which often are red, swollen, painful, or have pus or other drainage. They often first look like spider bites or bumps that are red, swollen, and painful. These skin infections commonly occur at sites of visible skin trauma, such as cuts and abrasions, and areas of the body covered by hair
marketmercado123

MRSA: Contagious, Symptoms, Casues, Prevention, Treatments - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...understanding-mrsa

MRSA hsa Challenge1 infection conditions

shared by marketmercado123 on 02 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • The symptoms of MRSA depend on where you're infected. Most often, it causes mild infections on the skin, like sores or boils. But it can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract.
  • MRSA is spread by contact. So, you could get MRSA by touching another person who has it on the skin. Or you could get it by touching objects that have the bacteria on them. MRSA is carried by about 2% of the population (or 2 in 100 people), although most of them aren't infected.
  • Staph can usually be treated with antibiotics. But over the decades, some strains of staph -- like MRSA -- have become resistant to antibiotics that once destroyed it.
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • Garden-variety staph are common bacteria that can live in our bodies.
  • What Is MRSA? Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus -- or staph -- because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics. The symptoms of MRSA depend on where you're infected. Most often, it causes mild infections on the skin, like sores or boils. But it can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract. Though most  MRSA infections aren't serious, some can be life-threatening. Many public health experts are alarmed by the spread of tough strains of MRSA. Because it's hard to treat, MRSA is sometimes called a "super bug."
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus -- or staph -- because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • MRSA infections are common among people who have weak immune systems and are in hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care centers. Infections can appear around surgical wounds or invasive devices, like catheters or implanted feeding tubes. 
  • (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus -- or staph -- because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus -- or staph -- because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • some antibiotics still work,
  • methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body
  • MRSA infections can appear as a small red bump, pimple, or boil. The area may be tender, swollen, or warm to the touch. Most of these infections are mild, but they can change, becoming deeper and more serious. 
  • it causes mild infections on the skin, like sores or boils. But it can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus -- or staph -- because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • yarelisfl on 03 Sep 15
     
    What it is
  • rachelmaynard498 on 03 Sep 15
     
    Marsa symptoms 
destinytaylor

The silent epidemic: CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA - 0 views

www.aaos.org/...research1.asp

MRSA Challenge1

shared by destinytaylor on 02 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • The CDC defines hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) in persons who have had frequent or recent contact with hospitals or healthcare facilities (such as nursing homes or dialysis centers) within the previous year, have recently undergone an invasive medical procedure, or are immunocompromised.
  • MRSA may be more easily transmitted when the following five Cs are present: Crowding frequent skin-to-skin Contact Compromised skin (cuts or abrasions) Contaminated items and surfaces lack of Cleanliness.
  • Locations where the five Cs are common include schools, dormitories, military barracks, households, correctional facilities, and daycare centers. C
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • 2005, admissions were triple the number in 2000 and 10-fold higher
  • In 2005 in th
  • e United
  • States alone, 368,600 hospital admissions for MRSA—including 94,000 invasive infections—resulted in 18,650 deaths.
  • MRSA infections that are acquired by persons who have not been recently (within the past year) hospitalized or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis, surgery, catheters) are known as community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  • infections was cellulitis and abscess,
  • Community outbreaks have been reported in sports teams, child care attendees, prison inmates, and diverse populations where habitation is relatively concentrated.
  • HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA have distinct clinical differences, both are transmitted in the same fashion—most frequently through direct skin-to-skin contact or contact with shared items or surfaces (such as towels or bandages) that have come into contact with someone else’s colonized or infected skin.
  • death rate, length of stay, and cost of treating patients with MRSA are more than double other hospital admissions.
  • Technological advances in screening, as well as prevention through vaccination, are being developed
  • 58 percent of MRSA infections originate in the community
  • MRSA accounts for 60 percent of all staphylococcal infections.
  • From 1999 through 2005, infections outside the lungs or blood tripled
  • MRSA has evolved unpredictable resistance and epidemiology patterns in response to decades of successful antibiotic treatments that have been prescribed in all environments and have saved millions of lives.
  • The most frequent primary diagnosis associated with other S aureus–related infections was cellulitis and abscess, followed by postoperative infection, infections from an implanted device (Fig. 1), or graft and osteomyelitis.
  • As MRSA spreads into hospitals from the community, current insurance company and proposed governmental policies that penalize the healthcare system may be inappropriate.
  • MRSA infections that are acquired by persons who have not been recently (within the past year) hospitalized or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis, surgery, catheters) are known as community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  • The number of MRSA fatalities in 2005 surpassed the number of fatalities from hurricane Katrina and AIDS combined and is substantially higher than fatalities at the peak of the U. S. polio epidemic.
  • MRSA infections that are acquired by persons who have not been recently (within the past year) hospitalized or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis, surgery, catheters) are known as community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Community outbreaks have been reported in sports teams, child care attendees, prison inmates, and diverse populations where habitation is relatively concentrated.
  • dianavillalpando on 08 Sep 14
     
    More info about MRSA and the definition.
  • Jasiel Sb on 03 Sep 15
     
    This Website Informs You Of What MRSA, The Statistics Of It And How You Get It
  • destinytaylor on 07 Sep 15
     
    yellow: signs and synmptoms blue: prevention inccubation period pink: the number of saved lives and deaths.
asiacarrasco03

MRSA FAQ - 1 views

www.avma.org/...MRSA-FAQs.aspx

MRSA Challenge1 diseases

shared by asiacarrasco03 on 09 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • MRSA is a major pathogen in both nosocomial (infection acquired in a hospital) and community-acquired (the infection comes from a non-hospital source) infections worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it is one of the most common causes of human skin and soft tissue infections in the United States. In the United States, MRSA is the 10th leading cause of death in humans, and is the most frequently identified antimicrobial drug-resistant pathogen (a pathogen is a disease-producing organism, such as a virus or bacteria) in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. A report published in 2008 estimated that 1.5% of the US population (~4.1 million people) was colonized with MRSA.
  • The bacteria can also be spread when an animal or human comes into contact with objects that are contaminated. These objects include clothing, towels, bedding, bandages, and medical or sports equipment.
  • type of bacteria.
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • MRSA infection in a dairy cow
  • MRSA infections reported in horses, dogs, cats, pet birds, cattle and pigs.
  • MRSA is spread by direct physical contact with another person or animal
  • Athletes Military recruits People with weakened immune systems (i.e., immunocompromised)
  • (zoonotic)
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
  • Hospital patients Incarcerated individuals Nursing home residents
  • Children in day care
  • (reverse zoonotic
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus or MRSA (usually pronounced "mur-sah") is a type of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium on skin, and it is not usually a problem. However, when the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are not susceptible to the antibiotic methicillin (ie, methicillin does not kill the bacteria or stop its growth), it is considered to be MRSA. Bacteria resistant to methicillin are often resistant to other antibiotics as well.
  • If MRSA is present, it is commonly carried on the skin or in the nasal passages of healthy people and/or pets. If an infection is present, it can be found almost anywhere—especially where there's a skin wound or sore
  • does not exhibit symptoms of disease is considered to be "colonized
  • who do exhibit symptoms
  • considered "infected"
Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson

MRSA infection - Mayo Clinic - 0 views

www.mayoclinic.org/...con-20024479

MRSA Challenge1 MRSAGoogleGroup

shared by Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections
  • Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints.
  • This form, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), often begins as a painful skin boil.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections.
  • Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints.
  • Another type of MRSA infection has occurred in the wider community — among healthy people
  • pread by skin-to-skin contact. At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections. Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints. Another type of MRSA infection has occurred in the wider community — among healthy people. This form, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), often begins as a painful skin boil. It's spread by skin-to-skin contact. At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions.
    • szapata805
      szapata805 on 10 Sep 14
       
      Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections. Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints. Another type of MRSA infection has occurred in the wider community - among healthy people. This form, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), often begins as a painful skin boil. It's spread by skin-to-skin contact. At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions.
  • strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections.
  • Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections.
  • Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA
  • Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints.
  • Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections.
    • Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson
      Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson on 18 Sep 15
       
      we are actually looking for hospital acquired sickness
    • Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson
      Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson on 18 Sep 15
       
      remember we are looking for hospital acquired sickness
  • szapata805 on 10 Sep 14
     
    "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections. Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints. Another type of MRSA infection has occurred in the wider community - among healthy people. This form, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), often begins as a painful skin boil. It's spread by skin-to-skin contact. At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions."
  • ...1 more comment...
  • junpark126 on 12 Sep 14
     
    cause
  • taliyahcarter845 on 06 Sep 15
     
    What does mrsa stand for and how it is caused
  • tjohnson472 on 06 Sep 15
     
    "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections."
Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson

Hospital-acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) - MicrobeWiki - 0 views

microbewiki.kenyon.edu/...t_Staphylococcus_Aureus_(MRSA)

Challenge1 infection MRSA prevention diseases

shared by Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • pherical microbe and a member of the bacteria domai
  • found naturally on the skin and in the mucus membranes of humans most importantl
  • ostrils of up to 30% of peopl
  • ...36 more annotations...
  • most commonly through human contact
  • Methicillin is a beta-lactam antibioti
  • because very few drugs (antibiotics) are still effective against t
  • not the only concern howev
  • antibiotic treatment policy, alcohol hand gel polic
  • environmental screening, chlorine disinfection and admissio
    • kayanking
      kayanking on 03 Sep 15
       
      Fairly new.
  • The aspect of Staphylococcus aureus and its genome that is most concerning revolves around the plasmids that are incorporated/associated with this bacterium’s genome.
  • Staphylococcus aureus was able to acquire antibiotic resistance through conjugation (horizontal gene transfer) of a plasmid containing a transposon
  • often code some type of antibiotic resistance.
  • Beta-lactam antibiotics target penicillin-binding proteins.
  • prevents proper peptidoglycan and cell wall formation so that cells will eventually burst as the bacteria attempt to grow larger (3).
  • econd, some bacteria can produce a modified penicillin-binding protein that no longer actually binds the antibiotic which again prevents the desired effects of the antibiotic (3).
  • High replication rates coupled with the great ability of to perform horizontal gene transfer (especially through conjugation) allow bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance and to spread it quickly
  • The spherical bacteria is gram-positive (contains a peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall) and forms colonies that grow in two planes
  • Less than 20 years after the first strains of Staphylococcus aureus were found to be resistant to penicillin, 80% of all strains had acquired penicillin resistance.
  • Methicillin was first used to treat Staphylococcus aureus in 1959
  • Type I was isolated in 1961 in the UK, Type II in 1982 in Japan, Type III in 1985 in New Zealand and finally Type V at the start of the 21st century in Australia
  • In a paper by Deurenberg et al. two theories establishing the relationship between the first MRSA strains and present day MRSA strains are proposed. The first is called the single-clone theory which states that all MRSA clones or present day strains have a common ancestor.
  • The second theory is called the multi-clone theory. This second theory suggests that SCCmec was introduced several times into different Staphylococcus aureus. According to the paper by Deurenberg et al. the multi-clone theory has received greater support recently and it is from this paper that Figure 3 was taken.
  • he new antibiotic treatment policies did not prove to be an effective way of fighting the spread of MRSA infections in hospitals. The introduction of alcohol hand gel for improved hand hygiene did however prove to be very effective in reducing the spread of MRSA.
  • here was a 30% decrease in the spread of MRSA in the hospital. In the intervention hospital the introduction of alcohol hand gel reduced the spread of MRSA by 21%
  • The decrease experienced in the intervention hospital was likely smaller than that compared to the control hospital because the prevention measures of environmental swabbing for MRSA as well as chlorine disinfection of environments contributed to a 32% decrease in the spread of MRSA and these measures were not taken in the control hospita
  • It is even likely that these synergistic treatments can be used on other bacterial infections that are resistant to a variety of antibiotics.
  • After concluding that fighting the spread of and treating MRSA properly is crucial, can we be effective in preventing the spread of MRSA in hospitals?
  • The continued development of resistance to more and more drugs makes the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections and especially MRSA infections is becoming increasingly difficult.
  • have provided great insight as to what direction the fight against MRSA will be heading in
  • Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that naturally inhabits the skin and nose of humans. If the bacterium is able to enter the body (often through wounds or sores) it can cause a number of infections including those of the bloodstream which can become fatal.
  • quickly developed resistance to this antibiotic
  • hand hygiene in hospitals has been an effective way of decreasing the spread of MRSA in hospitals
  • The decision to fight MRSA in hospitals revolves around three basic questions. First, is MRSA that much worse than MSSA? Second, how effective can we be in reducing the spread of MRSA? Lastly, is fighting MRSA cost effective?
  • Staphylococcus aureus is a spherical microbe and a member of the bacteria domain. This bacterium can be found naturally on the skin and in the mucus membranes of humans most importantly. In fact, Staphylococcus aureus can be found in the nostrils of up to 30% of people (1). The bacteria is spread most commonly through human contact be it hand-to-hand, from a wound secretion or mucus.
  • The majority of MRSA infections were wound infections (56.9%) with pneumonia cases being the second most common (21.0%). Potentially the most dangerous infection type, bloodstream infections accounted for 15.1% of the cases and urinary track infection accounted for 6.9%
  • Despite knowing that hospitals should prevent the spread of MRSA infections due to the risk of even further drug resistance over MSSA strains, and that hospitals can be effective in preventing the spread of MRSA infections, is it cost-effective for hospitals to implement the screening and isolation processes needed to fight the spread of MRSA (even though Staphylococcus aureus infections will undoubtedly occur in hospitals)? In other words, is the cost of hosting patients for longer periods of time, the costs associated with isolating patients
  • alcohol hand gel policy as well as environmental screening, chlorine disinfection and admission screening) to determine the relative effectiveness of these policies. The new antibiotic treatment policies did not prove to be an effective way of fighting the spread of MRSA infections in hospitals.
  • found in the nostrils of up to 30% of people
  • destinytaylor on 07 Sep 15
     
    signs and symptoms of mrsa
Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson

Risk factors associated with nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MR... - 0 views

jac.oxfordjournals.org/...999.short

Challenge1 infection MRSA

shared by Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • major nosocomial pathogen worldwide.
  • here were no significant differences in the types of infection or the attributed mortality in either group.
  • 121 patients infected with MRSA compared with 123 patients infected with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was carried out.
bseate407

Information for Clinicians - Treating MRSA | Community | MRSA | CDC - 0 views

www.cdc.gov/...index.html

MRSA Challenge1 HSA CDC

shared by bseate407 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • The CDC encourages clinicians to consider MRSA in the differential diagnosis of skin and soft tissue infections
  • Recent data suggest that MRSA as a cause of skin infections in the general community remains at high probability.
  • Antibiotic treatment, if indicated, should be guided by the susceptibility profile of the organism.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Obtaining specimens for culture and susceptibility testing is useful to guide therapy, particularly for those with more severe infections and those who fail to respond adequately to initial management.
  • MRSA skin infections can develop into more serious infections. It is important to discuss a follow-up plan with your patients in case they develop systemic symptoms or worsening local symptoms, or if symptoms do not improve within 48 hours.
cvelaz614

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - 0 views

www.niaid.nih.gov/...default.aspx

English_2 Challenge1 MRSA

shared by cvelaz614 on 05 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
  • During the past four decades, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, has evolved from a controllable nuisance into a serious public health concern. MRSA is largely a hospital-acquired infection, in fact, one of the most common.
  • Recently, however, new strains have emerged in the community that are capable of causing severe infections in otherwise healthy people.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • History Transmission Diagnosis
  • Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicting MRSA bacteria with a human white cell.
  • Treatment
  • Prevention
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      All of these are key pieces for MRSA History
dianavillalpando

Healthcare-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or HA-MRSA - 0 views

infectiousdiseases.about.com/...HA-MRSA.htm

MRSA HSA Challenge1 deflitch

shared by dianavillalpando on 06 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Healthcare-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or HA-MRSA, is a potentially deadly strain of Staph aureus that is resistant to several antibiotics. This superbug has been appearing more and more in hospitals and other healthcare settings, representing a growing public health problem in the United States.
  • While these patients are the most common source of the bacteria, transmission occurs when healthcare workers’ hands touch other patients who are HA-MRSA carriers
  • Other sources of transmission in healthcare settings include open wounds, catheters, or breathing tubes.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • Who’s at risk?
  • where patients undergo invasive medical procedures or have weakened immune systems.
  • HA-MRSA infections may include surgical wound infections, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia
  • kin infection may appear as a red, swollen, painful area on the skin.
  • orm of an abscess, boil, or pus-filled lesion,
  • accompanied by fever and warmth
  • life-threatening, especially without treatment.
  • More serious HA-MRSA infections have symptoms that include chest pain, chills, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and rash.
  • Antibiotics (not including methicillin) are usually the first choice
  • More serious infections may require hospitalization, during which treatments may include intravenous fluids and medication, kidney dialysis (in case of kidney failure) and oxygen therapy (increasing oxygen supply to the lungs).
  • Prevention: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water
  • How it causes disease:
  • Staph aureus sticks to different kinds of tissue within the body and has ways of evading the immune response
  • Many symptoms of Staph aureus infections occur as a result of tissue destruction by bacterial enzymes. For example, Staph aureus produces toxins, known as superantigens, that can induce septic shock.
  • In hospital settings, Staph aureus can form a slimy material, called a biofilm, on certain solid surfaces (catheters and prosthetic devices); the biofilm serves as a protective barrier against the immune system and antimicrobial agents.
  • dianavillalpando on 10 Sep 14
     
    HSA MRSA
kgroves873

Deadly 'superbugs' escaped hospitals, now infecting homes - NaturalNews.com - 0 views

www.naturalnews.com/s_MRSA_infectious_disease.html

hospitals homes English MRSA HSA Challenge1 infection meningitis EnglishII MRSAGoogleGroup deflitch diseases

shared by kgroves873 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • For the first time, the antibiotic-resistant superbug methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been identified in common households,
  • problem will likely only get worse over time.
  • antibiotic overuse both on commercial farms and in Western medicine.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • little is known about where else these deadly critters might be hiding,
  • exception of new research based out of New York City.
  • discovered that superbugs like MRSA are literally jumping ship from hospitals into people's homes, which are becoming "major reservoirs" for these deadly strains.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), the study involved looking at the homes of 161 New York City residents who contracted MRSA between the years of 2009 and 2011. Dr. Anne-Catrin Uhlemann and her colleagues took bacterial samples from each of the individuals, as well as from a comparison group not infected with the pathogen.
  • common MRSA strain known as USA300, which CBS News says is a leading cause of community MRSA infections across the U.S., was found inside the homes of many of the infected participants. It was also found in a similar genetic form in these participants' family members, suggesting that MRSA literally breeds within individual households when not fully eradicated.
  • certain with regards to how significant the threat of a superbug infection is from surfaces, as bacteria tend not to survive very long without access to appropriate temperatures and moisture levels. But almost everyone is in agreement that it is probably not a good idea to leave surfaces unattended and to always sanitize them to avoid infection.
  • Human beings are a much bigger threat
  • kgroves873 on 10 Sep 14
     
    More about Mrsa
arytman716

The Facts About MRSA | Kid's Health Line - 0 views

kidshealthline.com/...the-facts-about-mrsa

facts MRSA HSA Challenge1

shared by arytman716 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • MRSA has a lot of parents worried recently – and to some
  • degree, the concern is warranted
  • Head and neck MRSA infections in children more than doubled during a five-year period during the ‘00s.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • MRSA is short for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
  • “Up to 10 percent of children have staph in their noses,” Dr. Belcher said. “And when that many children have something, it’s far from an abnormal thing. I really think the community needs to know that it’s a common organism
  • Staph is an opportunistic bacterium that often resides in the nose until it gets the chance to enter the bloodstream through cuts or scrapes. It can also enter through bug bites and eczema, according to Dr. Belcher. “
  • But it’s a normal infection that, in some ways, has been blown out of proportion by the media.”
  • o its important to wash under their nails, maybe using a nail brush, and scrub for a good few seconds to make sure to get it all out.”
  • If a child is infected with MRSA, it often first appears as a skin infection in the form of boils, abscesses or a rash
  • more than 90 percent of children who contract MRSA show no serious symptoms,
  • MRSA is often only carried for days or weeks,” Dr. Belcher said. “And there is no reason that kids with a history of MRSA should be quarantined from other students.
  • With young children, MRSA spreads partly because of a nasty childhood habit: Nose-picking. “Kids like to pick their noses,” Dr. Belcher said. “
  • “MRSA affects every type of person,” Dr. Belcher continued. “The reason children get it is pretty simple. All you have to do is watch them play to figure it out. Fortunately, it’s almost never a very serious medical situation.”
arytman716

MRSA: Conditions, Treatments, and Pictures | skinsight - 0 views

www.skinsight.com/...mrsa.htm

MRSA HSA Challenge1

shared by arytman716 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Understanding Staph Infections
  • approximately 20-30% of healthy people are staph carriers. These people are said to be "colonized" by the bacteria, but they are not considered to be ill with an infection
  • Excessive use of penicillin antibiotics over the years has led to the development of stronger strains of bacteria that are no longer killed by penicillin-type antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of staph bacteria that is resistant to penicillin and standard penicillin-related antibiotics. MRSA causes the same types of infections as ordinary staph
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Understanding MRSA and CA-MRSA
  • This type of staph infection, known as community-acquired, or community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), can be carried by healthy adults and children who do not have any symptoms.
  • Signs and Symptoms of MRSA
  • Red bump that may be pus filled (sometimes mistaken for a spider bite) Warmth Pain Swollen, red, tender skin lesions
  • Little to no improvement with antibiotics after 2–3 days Rapid spread of the infectio
  • As a general rule, always maintain good hand-washing habits. This means washing with an antibacterial soap for at least 20 seconds while rubbing your hands together. Do not squeeze or attempt to drain any sore. Keep any wound covered and clean until it has fully healed. Avoid contact with others' wounds or bandages. Do not share personal items such as towels, razors, athletic equipment, sheets, clothes, etc. If you or a household member has a wound, wash your laundry in hot, soapy water, with bleach if possible, and dry these items in a hot dryer.
  • Treatment for MRSA
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim®, Septra®) Clindamycin (Cleocin®) Tetracyclines (such as doxycycline) Amoxicillin Linezolid (Zyvox®)
dianavillalpando

MRSA and the Workplace - 0 views

www.cdc.gov/mrsa

MRSA HSA Challenge1 deflitch

shared by dianavillalpando on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) refers to types of staph that are resistant to a type of antibiotic methicillin.
  • Staph infections, including MRSA, occur most frequently among persons in hospitals and healthcare facilities (such as nursing homes and dialysis centers) who have weakened immune systems.
  • Staph and MRSA can also cause illness in persons outside of hospitals and healthcare facilities. MRSA infections that are acquired by persons whohave not been recently (within the past year) hospitalized or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis, surgery, catheters) are known as community-associated MRSA infections.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Keep areas of the skin affected by MRSA covered. Keep wounds that are draining or have pus covered with clean, dry bandages. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions on proper care of the wound. Pus from infected wounds can contain staph and MRSA, so keeping the infection covered will help prevent the spread to others. Bandages or tape can be discarded with the regular trash.
  • Cover your wound.
  • You, your family, and others in close contact should wash their hands frequently with soap and warm water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, especially after changing the bandage or touching the infected wound.
  • Clean your hands.
  • Avoid sharing personal items such as uniforms, personal protective equipment, clothing, towels, washcloths or razors that may have had contact with the infected wound or bandage.
  • Do not share personal items
  • Talk to your doctor.
  • Tell any healthcare providers who treat you that you have or had a staph or MRSA skin infection.
arytman716

MRSA Symptoms, Facts, Risk And Prevention - 0 views

www.medical1stop.com/toms-facts-risk-and-prevention

MRSA HSA Challenge1

shared by arytman716 on 11 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • MRSA Symptoms, Facts, Risk And Prevention
  • MRSA stands for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  • It is transmitted between patients by contact with the skin or clothing of an infected person, and can also be contracted by coming into contact with a particular area where the sufferer has been
  • ...29 more annotations...
  • many strains of MRSA
  • often associated with hospitals and other medical institutions
  • MRSA symptoms
  • Symptoms
  • Boils and abscesses Impetigo Cellulitis Sty – an infection around the eye Carbuncles and rashes
  • It is important to understand that, while MRSA begins as a skin infection, it spreads easily to other parts of the body; in fact, it can affect just about any of the vital organs.
  • MRSA can be transmitted from the skin or clothing of an infected person, or by contact with chairs, benches, other furniture and utensils that have been used by one.
  • Facts
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a highly resistant bacteria that is surprisingly common
  • There are two main types of MRSA: CA-MRSA which stands for ‘community or commonly acquired’ and HA-MRSA, meaning ‘hospital acquired’; the first type is not associated with a health care issue, the second is acquired in a hospital or other health care institute.
  • When the bacteria attacks the organs – and it can be found in any organ in the body – it can cause a number of potentially fatal problems, including: endocarditis
  • resistant to multiple antibiotics.
  • best prevention method is attention to personal hygiene.
  • Fever and chills Headaches Shortness of breath Low blood pressure Pains in the joints
  • Methicillin, a common antibiotic used in many instances, was proven to be useless against the MRSA bacteria, and it has since evolved to become resistant to many more of the most advances antibiotics we know of. It is important to explain that MRSA is not a virus; it is a bacterial infection. It is a common bacteria that occurs across the world, and it is very difficult to estimate the numbers of people who have died from complications brought about by MRSA.
  • Prevention
  • of MRSA is
  • important
  • prevention
  • Avoid direct contact with known patients, their clothes and their direct environment Treat and protect any cuts or bruises properly Wash hands with soap and water after contact with others, and use antiseptic wipes where possible In hospitals, use the antiseptic wash facilities when entering or leaving a ward Keep a rigorous hygiene regime at all times
  • Prognosis
  • Estimates have put the mortality rate in MRSA patients at somewhere between four and 10%; the numbers of patients suffering from the infection ranks at millions at any one time across the world.
  • What Is MRSA?
  • kidney and lung infections, necrotizing faciitis, sepsis, and many more diseases of the organs. This is why it is vital that early
  • diagnosis is made.
  • MRSA And Pregnancy
  • absolutely essential that pregnant women consult their doctor should they suspect they have MRSA, or if they are known carriers
  • of the infection
  • here are certain creams that can be used by pregnant women to help with the skin infection, and a doctor will help you find the right one.
shaneep110

MRSA (Staph) Infection: Types, Risk Factors & Symptoms - 0 views

www.healthline.com/...mrsa

EnglishII HSA Challenge1 MRSAGoogleGroup

shared by shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus) is a type of staphylococcus bacteria (staph) that is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. MRSA is contagious and can cause life-threatening infection.
  • MRSA isn’t found in the natural environment (soil or water). It lives in the nose and on the skin of humans
  • MRSA is spread by coming in contact with an infected person or by exposure to a MRSA-contaminated object or surface that an infected person touches.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus) is a type of staphylococcus bacteria (staph) that is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. MRSA is contagious and can cause life-threatening infection.
  • MRSA isn’t found in the natural environment (soil or water). It lives in the nose and on the skin of humans. MRSA is spread by coming in contact with an infected person or by exposure to a MRSA-contaminated object or surface that an infected person touches.
jtolercamien290

MRSAsupportgroup.org: MRSA Photos - 0 views

www.mrsasupportgroup.org/photos.html

Challenge1 EnglishII HSA

shared by jtolercamien290 on 06 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • jtolercamien290 on 06 Sep 14
     
    The BEST photos of MRSA infections, boils, blisters, etc. Our family fought MRSA and won! We can help you learn more. Natural treatments for MRSA can help when everything else fails.
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