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Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson

MRSA infection - Mayo Clinic - 0 views

www.mayoclinic.org/...con-20024479

MRSA Challenge1 MRSAGoogleGroup

shared by Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections
  • Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints.
  • This form, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), often begins as a painful skin boil.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections.
  • Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints.
  • Another type of MRSA infection has occurred in the wider community — among healthy people
  • pread by skin-to-skin contact. At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections. Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints. Another type of MRSA infection has occurred in the wider community — among healthy people. This form, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), often begins as a painful skin boil. It's spread by skin-to-skin contact. At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions.
    • szapata805
      szapata805 on 10 Sep 14
       
      Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections. Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints. Another type of MRSA infection has occurred in the wider community - among healthy people. This form, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), often begins as a painful skin boil. It's spread by skin-to-skin contact. At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions.
  • strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections.
  • Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections.
  • Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA
  • Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints.
  • Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections.
    • Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson
      Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson on 18 Sep 15
       
      we are actually looking for hospital acquired sickness
    • Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson
      Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson on 18 Sep 15
       
      remember we are looking for hospital acquired sickness
  • szapata805 on 10 Sep 14
     
    "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections. Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints. Another type of MRSA infection has occurred in the wider community - among healthy people. This form, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), often begins as a painful skin boil. It's spread by skin-to-skin contact. At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions."
  • ...1 more comment...
  • junpark126 on 12 Sep 14
     
    cause
  • taliyahcarter845 on 06 Sep 15
     
    What does mrsa stand for and how it is caused
  • tjohnson472 on 06 Sep 15
     
    "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections."
jclaiborne145

MRSA: Contagious, Symptoms, Casues, Prevention, Treatments - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...esistant-staphylococcus-aureus

shared by jclaiborne145 on 04 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body.
  • sores or boils
  • In fact, one third of everybody has staph bacteria in their noses.
  • ...49 more annotations...
  • most common causes of skin infections in the U.S.
  • MRSA was first discovered in 1961.
  • MRSA is spread by contact. So, you could get MRSA by touching another person who has it on the skin.
  • CA-MRSA skin infections have been identified among certain populations that share close quarters or have more skin-to-skin contact. Examples are team athletes, military recruits, and prison inmates.
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      Mr. Deflitch, I know someone already used this site, but I also found it. So my highlights are in green, and whoever else highlighted is in blue.
  • The symptoms of MRSA depend on where you're infected. Most often, it causes mild infections on the skin
  • staphylococcus aureus -- or staph
  • the average age of people with MRSA in a hospital or health care facility was 68. But the average age of a person with CA-MRSA was only 23.
  • Garden-variety staph are common bacteria that can live in our bodies. Plenty of healthy people carry staph without being infected by it.
  • Staph is one of the
    • melissabergmann
      melissabergmann on 06 Sep 14
       
      MRSA
  • Staph can usually be treated with antibiotics. But over the decades, some strains of staph -- like MRSA -- have become resistant to antibiotics that once destroyed it.
  • While some antibiotics still work, MRSA is constantly adapting. Researchers developing new antibiotics are having a tough time keeping up.
  • MRSA infections are common among people who have weak immune systems and are in hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care centers.
  • Alarmingly, MRSA is also showing up in healthy people who have not been hospitalized. This type of MRSA is called community-associated MRSA, or CA-MRSA. The CDC reports that in 2007, 14% of people with MRSA infections contracted them outside of a health care setting.
  • Studies have shown that rates of CA-MRSA infection are growing fast. One study of children in south Texas found that cases of CA-MRSA had a 14-fold increase between 1999 and 2001.
  • CA-MRSA is also infecting much younger people.
  • Though most MRSA infections aren't serious, some can be life-threatening.
  • is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body.
  • staph can be a problem if it manages to get into the body
  • t can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract.
  • Many public health experts are alarmed by the spread of tough strains of MRSA. Because it's hard to treat, MRSA is sometimes called a "super bug."
  • can appear around surgical wounds or invasive devices, like catheters or implanted feeding tubes.
  • Less often, staph can cause serious problems like infected wounds or pneumonia.
  • now resistant to methicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, and many other antibiotics.
  • because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • auses infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus -- or staph -- because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • ymptoms of MRSA depend on where you're infected. Most often, it causes mild infections on the skin, like sores or boils. But it can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract.
  • bacteria that can live in our bodies.
  • ome can be life-threatening. Many public health experts are alarmed by the spread of tough strains of MRSA. Because it's hard to treat, MRSA is sometimes called a "super bug."
  • What Causes MRSA?
  • Staph can usually be treated with antibiotics. But over the decades, some strains of staph -- like MRSA -- have become resistant to antibiotics that once destroyed it.
  • was first discovered in 1961
  • 's now resistant to methicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, and many other antibiotics
  • pread by contact.
  • MRSA is carried by about 2% of the population (or 2 in 100 people), although most of them aren't infected.
  • ates of infection in hospitals have been steadily declining since 2005.
  • Rates of community-associated MRSA, or infection of healthy people who have not been hospitalized, have also decreased since 2005.
  • mild infections on the skin, like sores or boils. But it can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract.
  • it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • But over the decades, some strains of staph -- like MRSA -- have become resistant to antibiotics that once destroyed it.
  • Because it's hard to treat, MRSA is sometimes called a "super bug."
  • one third of everybody has staph bacteria in their noses.
  • Staph is one of the most common causes of skin infections in the U.S.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
  • It's now resistant to methicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, and many other antibiotics.
  • MRSA is spread by contact.
  • MRSA is carried by about 2% of the population (or 2 in 100 people), although most of them aren't infected.
  • Examples are team athletes, military recruits, and prison inmates.
  • the average age of people with MRSA in a hospital or health care facility was 68.
  • amanda944 on 04 Sep 14
     
    MRSA WebMD
marketmercado123

MRSA: Contagious, Symptoms, Casues, Prevention, Treatments - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...understanding-mrsa

MRSA hsa Challenge1 infection conditions

shared by marketmercado123 on 02 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • The symptoms of MRSA depend on where you're infected. Most often, it causes mild infections on the skin, like sores or boils. But it can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract.
  • MRSA is spread by contact. So, you could get MRSA by touching another person who has it on the skin. Or you could get it by touching objects that have the bacteria on them. MRSA is carried by about 2% of the population (or 2 in 100 people), although most of them aren't infected.
  • Staph can usually be treated with antibiotics. But over the decades, some strains of staph -- like MRSA -- have become resistant to antibiotics that once destroyed it.
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • Garden-variety staph are common bacteria that can live in our bodies.
  • What Is MRSA? Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus -- or staph -- because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics. The symptoms of MRSA depend on where you're infected. Most often, it causes mild infections on the skin, like sores or boils. But it can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract. Though most  MRSA infections aren't serious, some can be life-threatening. Many public health experts are alarmed by the spread of tough strains of MRSA. Because it's hard to treat, MRSA is sometimes called a "super bug."
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus -- or staph -- because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • MRSA infections are common among people who have weak immune systems and are in hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care centers. Infections can appear around surgical wounds or invasive devices, like catheters or implanted feeding tubes. 
  • (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus -- or staph -- because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus -- or staph -- because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • some antibiotics still work,
  • methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body
  • MRSA infections can appear as a small red bump, pimple, or boil. The area may be tender, swollen, or warm to the touch. Most of these infections are mild, but they can change, becoming deeper and more serious. 
  • it causes mild infections on the skin, like sores or boils. But it can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus -- or staph -- because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics.
  • yarelisfl on 03 Sep 15
     
    What it is
  • rachelmaynard498 on 03 Sep 15
     
    Marsa symptoms 
chamonsta

What is MRSA and How Dangerous Is It? - 1 views

www.staph-infection-resources.com/...what-is-mrsa

shared by chamonsta on 07 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • MRSA is bacteria that is resistant to many treatments and can cause very serious and life-threatening infections. MRSA bacteria can be spread from person to person, and up to 5% of the population are carriers with these bacteria, but don’t show signs of infection.
  • common treatments will not stop the infection.
  • MSSA. Methicillin-Sensitive Staph Aureus is a common type of Staph that is vulnerable to the methicillin class of antibiotics and therefore easier to treat. This “common Staph” infection is often seen on bacterial culture test results. VRSA. Short for Vancomycin-Resistant Staph Aureus, this rare type of Staph has become immune to a common “last resort” antibiotic called vancomycin. VISA. Vancomycin-Intermediate Staph Aureus is similar to VRSA, but the bacteria are only partially resistant to the vancomycin. ORSA. Another name for MRSA, Oxacillin-Resistant Staph aureus, as the name suggests, is resistant to Oxacillin, an antibiotic of the same class as methicillin. CA-MRSA. These are strains of MRSA found in community and public places. These strains tend to cause skin infections and are often easier to treat with antibiotics. However, CA-MRSA often strikes young and otherwise healthy people and can be deadly in some cases. HA-MRSA. These are strains of MRSA found in hospitals and other healthcare settings. As you’ll see further below, MRSA first got started in hospitals. Healthcare-associated MRSA often causes internal infections and can be more challenging to treat. LA-MRSA. There are strains of MRSA associated with livestock and feed animals. These strains have also be found on livestock caretakers. Livestock-associated MRSA is a new area of study. MRSA has also been found in our food supply: conventionally raised pork, beef and chicken.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • rain has different ways of infecting people and unique ways of protecting itself from antibiotic treatments. An antibiotic that works for one strain may be useless against another
  • MRSA can cause deadly and aggressively spreading infections
  • “Mer-suh” this illness is also referred to as Mercer, Mersa, and Merca. MRSA is an acronym for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. MRSA is caused by a type of Staphylococcus bacteria, which is often shortened to “Staph
  • MRSA is a type of Staph bacteria (a.k.a. Staphylococcus aureus) that is more resistant to antibiotics
  • With MRSA being so resistant to many of the best antibiotics, it makes treatment of skin infections and invasive internal infections much more problematic, resulting in many yearly deaths.
  • o conclusively know if you have a MRSA infection, you’ll need to have a doctor perform a culture test to identify your infection-causing bacteria. If you have a Staph infection, it doesn’t mean you have MRSA
  • According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), in the year 2005, MRSA was responsible for an estimated 94,000 life-threatening infections and close to 19,000 deaths (more than AIDS)
  • the US in 2003, there were an estimated 12 million doctor or emergency room visits for skin and soft tissue infections suspected to be caused by staph aureus.
Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson

Hospital-acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) - MicrobeWiki - 0 views

microbewiki.kenyon.edu/...t_Staphylococcus_Aureus_(MRSA)

Challenge1 infection MRSA prevention diseases

shared by Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • pherical microbe and a member of the bacteria domai
  • found naturally on the skin and in the mucus membranes of humans most importantl
  • ostrils of up to 30% of peopl
  • ...36 more annotations...
  • most commonly through human contact
  • Methicillin is a beta-lactam antibioti
  • because very few drugs (antibiotics) are still effective against t
  • not the only concern howev
  • antibiotic treatment policy, alcohol hand gel polic
  • environmental screening, chlorine disinfection and admissio
    • kayanking
      kayanking on 03 Sep 15
       
      Fairly new.
  • The aspect of Staphylococcus aureus and its genome that is most concerning revolves around the plasmids that are incorporated/associated with this bacterium’s genome.
  • Staphylococcus aureus was able to acquire antibiotic resistance through conjugation (horizontal gene transfer) of a plasmid containing a transposon
  • often code some type of antibiotic resistance.
  • Beta-lactam antibiotics target penicillin-binding proteins.
  • prevents proper peptidoglycan and cell wall formation so that cells will eventually burst as the bacteria attempt to grow larger (3).
  • econd, some bacteria can produce a modified penicillin-binding protein that no longer actually binds the antibiotic which again prevents the desired effects of the antibiotic (3).
  • High replication rates coupled with the great ability of to perform horizontal gene transfer (especially through conjugation) allow bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance and to spread it quickly
  • The spherical bacteria is gram-positive (contains a peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall) and forms colonies that grow in two planes
  • Less than 20 years after the first strains of Staphylococcus aureus were found to be resistant to penicillin, 80% of all strains had acquired penicillin resistance.
  • Methicillin was first used to treat Staphylococcus aureus in 1959
  • Type I was isolated in 1961 in the UK, Type II in 1982 in Japan, Type III in 1985 in New Zealand and finally Type V at the start of the 21st century in Australia
  • In a paper by Deurenberg et al. two theories establishing the relationship between the first MRSA strains and present day MRSA strains are proposed. The first is called the single-clone theory which states that all MRSA clones or present day strains have a common ancestor.
  • The second theory is called the multi-clone theory. This second theory suggests that SCCmec was introduced several times into different Staphylococcus aureus. According to the paper by Deurenberg et al. the multi-clone theory has received greater support recently and it is from this paper that Figure 3 was taken.
  • he new antibiotic treatment policies did not prove to be an effective way of fighting the spread of MRSA infections in hospitals. The introduction of alcohol hand gel for improved hand hygiene did however prove to be very effective in reducing the spread of MRSA.
  • here was a 30% decrease in the spread of MRSA in the hospital. In the intervention hospital the introduction of alcohol hand gel reduced the spread of MRSA by 21%
  • The decrease experienced in the intervention hospital was likely smaller than that compared to the control hospital because the prevention measures of environmental swabbing for MRSA as well as chlorine disinfection of environments contributed to a 32% decrease in the spread of MRSA and these measures were not taken in the control hospita
  • It is even likely that these synergistic treatments can be used on other bacterial infections that are resistant to a variety of antibiotics.
  • After concluding that fighting the spread of and treating MRSA properly is crucial, can we be effective in preventing the spread of MRSA in hospitals?
  • The continued development of resistance to more and more drugs makes the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections and especially MRSA infections is becoming increasingly difficult.
  • have provided great insight as to what direction the fight against MRSA will be heading in
  • Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that naturally inhabits the skin and nose of humans. If the bacterium is able to enter the body (often through wounds or sores) it can cause a number of infections including those of the bloodstream which can become fatal.
  • quickly developed resistance to this antibiotic
  • hand hygiene in hospitals has been an effective way of decreasing the spread of MRSA in hospitals
  • The decision to fight MRSA in hospitals revolves around three basic questions. First, is MRSA that much worse than MSSA? Second, how effective can we be in reducing the spread of MRSA? Lastly, is fighting MRSA cost effective?
  • Staphylococcus aureus is a spherical microbe and a member of the bacteria domain. This bacterium can be found naturally on the skin and in the mucus membranes of humans most importantly. In fact, Staphylococcus aureus can be found in the nostrils of up to 30% of people (1). The bacteria is spread most commonly through human contact be it hand-to-hand, from a wound secretion or mucus.
  • The majority of MRSA infections were wound infections (56.9%) with pneumonia cases being the second most common (21.0%). Potentially the most dangerous infection type, bloodstream infections accounted for 15.1% of the cases and urinary track infection accounted for 6.9%
  • Despite knowing that hospitals should prevent the spread of MRSA infections due to the risk of even further drug resistance over MSSA strains, and that hospitals can be effective in preventing the spread of MRSA infections, is it cost-effective for hospitals to implement the screening and isolation processes needed to fight the spread of MRSA (even though Staphylococcus aureus infections will undoubtedly occur in hospitals)? In other words, is the cost of hosting patients for longer periods of time, the costs associated with isolating patients
  • alcohol hand gel policy as well as environmental screening, chlorine disinfection and admission screening) to determine the relative effectiveness of these policies. The new antibiotic treatment policies did not prove to be an effective way of fighting the spread of MRSA infections in hospitals.
  • found in the nostrils of up to 30% of people
  • destinytaylor on 07 Sep 15
     
    signs and symptoms of mrsa
destinytaylor

The silent epidemic: CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA - 0 views

www.aaos.org/...research1.asp

MRSA Challenge1

shared by destinytaylor on 02 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • The CDC defines hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) in persons who have had frequent or recent contact with hospitals or healthcare facilities (such as nursing homes or dialysis centers) within the previous year, have recently undergone an invasive medical procedure, or are immunocompromised.
  • MRSA may be more easily transmitted when the following five Cs are present: Crowding frequent skin-to-skin Contact Compromised skin (cuts or abrasions) Contaminated items and surfaces lack of Cleanliness.
  • Locations where the five Cs are common include schools, dormitories, military barracks, households, correctional facilities, and daycare centers. C
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • 2005, admissions were triple the number in 2000 and 10-fold higher
  • In 2005 in th
  • e United
  • States alone, 368,600 hospital admissions for MRSA—including 94,000 invasive infections—resulted in 18,650 deaths.
  • MRSA infections that are acquired by persons who have not been recently (within the past year) hospitalized or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis, surgery, catheters) are known as community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  • infections was cellulitis and abscess,
  • Community outbreaks have been reported in sports teams, child care attendees, prison inmates, and diverse populations where habitation is relatively concentrated.
  • HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA have distinct clinical differences, both are transmitted in the same fashion—most frequently through direct skin-to-skin contact or contact with shared items or surfaces (such as towels or bandages) that have come into contact with someone else’s colonized or infected skin.
  • death rate, length of stay, and cost of treating patients with MRSA are more than double other hospital admissions.
  • Technological advances in screening, as well as prevention through vaccination, are being developed
  • 58 percent of MRSA infections originate in the community
  • MRSA accounts for 60 percent of all staphylococcal infections.
  • From 1999 through 2005, infections outside the lungs or blood tripled
  • MRSA has evolved unpredictable resistance and epidemiology patterns in response to decades of successful antibiotic treatments that have been prescribed in all environments and have saved millions of lives.
  • The most frequent primary diagnosis associated with other S aureus–related infections was cellulitis and abscess, followed by postoperative infection, infections from an implanted device (Fig. 1), or graft and osteomyelitis.
  • As MRSA spreads into hospitals from the community, current insurance company and proposed governmental policies that penalize the healthcare system may be inappropriate.
  • MRSA infections that are acquired by persons who have not been recently (within the past year) hospitalized or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis, surgery, catheters) are known as community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  • The number of MRSA fatalities in 2005 surpassed the number of fatalities from hurricane Katrina and AIDS combined and is substantially higher than fatalities at the peak of the U. S. polio epidemic.
  • MRSA infections that are acquired by persons who have not been recently (within the past year) hospitalized or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis, surgery, catheters) are known as community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Community outbreaks have been reported in sports teams, child care attendees, prison inmates, and diverse populations where habitation is relatively concentrated.
  • dianavillalpando on 08 Sep 14
     
    More info about MRSA and the definition.
  • Jasiel Sb on 03 Sep 15
     
    This Website Informs You Of What MRSA, The Statistics Of It And How You Get It
  • destinytaylor on 07 Sep 15
     
    yellow: signs and synmptoms blue: prevention inccubation period pink: the number of saved lives and deaths.
bwilliams181

MRSA - Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, San Francisco Department of Public ... - 0 views

www.sfcdcp.org/mrsa.html

EnglishII deflitch prevention infection MRSA

shared by bwilliams181 on 17 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Staphylococcus aureus, otherwise known as "Staph.," is a very common type of bacteria (or germ).
  • Up to half of all people carry Staph on their skin and in other areas of the body.
  • But Staph sometimes does cause actual infections.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Some people with MRSA might think they have a "spider bite."
  • Signs of a skin infection include redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness of the skin.
  • Recently there have been more MRSA infections outside of hospitals or other healthcare settings. The type of MRSA that causes those infections is called community-associated MRSA, or CA-MRSA. CA-MRSA usually causes minor skin infections but it can cause severe infections, even in healthy people. It also requires treatment with different antibiotics, but it is much easier to treat than HA MRSA.
  • Who is at risk of getting MRSA? Everyone is at risk of getting MRSA. In general, the factors that make people more susceptible to MRSA infections are the 5 "Cs":   Frequent skin-to-skin contact Compromised skin (i.e., cuts or abrasions) Contaminated items and surfaces Crowding Lack of cleanliness.
  • Can I get MRSA at the gym? While MRSA is primarily transmitted by skin-to-skin contact, there have been reported cases of transmission from environmental surfaces or equipment. To prevent this, wash hands before and after use, use a towel or clothing as a barrier between surfaces (such as exercise equipment or sauna benches) and bare skin, and keep wounds dry and covered.
  • Are HIV-infected people at greater risk of getting MRSA? There is some evidence that people with weakened immune systems, including those with HIV infection, might be at higher risk of getting MRSA. Plus, when people with weakened immune systems do get MRSA infections, the infections tend to be more serious. Click here for more information.
  • Is MRSA a sexually transmitted disease (STD)? Data do not exist to determine whether sex itself - anal, oral, or vaginal intercourse - spreads MRSA. But we do know that skin-to-skin contact, which occurs during sex, can spread MRSA.  Therefore, wearing a condom is unlikely to prevent infection.
  • How do I protect myself from getting and spreading MRSA? Practice good hygiene:   Wash your hands frequently with soap and water. If soap is not available, use hand sanitizer instead. Showering or washing after contact sports, gym use, or sex may reduce the risk of skin-to-skin transmission. Keep wounds covered with clean, dry bandages. Take antibiotics only as prescribed by a healthcare provider Do not share personal items such as used towels, clothes, razors, or anything that makes contact with skin. Clean and disinfect items that are shared before and after every use (athletic/workout equipment) with disinfectant or detergent. A list of products approved by the Environmental Protection Agency that are effective against MRSA is available here. These products should be used only as directed. Use lotion to keep skin moist; damaged skin can provide an opening for infection.
arytman716

MRSA Symptoms, Facts, Risk And Prevention - 0 views

www.medical1stop.com/toms-facts-risk-and-prevention

MRSA HSA Challenge1

shared by arytman716 on 11 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • MRSA Symptoms, Facts, Risk And Prevention
  • MRSA stands for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  • It is transmitted between patients by contact with the skin or clothing of an infected person, and can also be contracted by coming into contact with a particular area where the sufferer has been
  • ...29 more annotations...
  • many strains of MRSA
  • often associated with hospitals and other medical institutions
  • MRSA symptoms
  • Symptoms
  • Boils and abscesses Impetigo Cellulitis Sty – an infection around the eye Carbuncles and rashes
  • It is important to understand that, while MRSA begins as a skin infection, it spreads easily to other parts of the body; in fact, it can affect just about any of the vital organs.
  • MRSA can be transmitted from the skin or clothing of an infected person, or by contact with chairs, benches, other furniture and utensils that have been used by one.
  • Facts
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a highly resistant bacteria that is surprisingly common
  • There are two main types of MRSA: CA-MRSA which stands for ‘community or commonly acquired’ and HA-MRSA, meaning ‘hospital acquired’; the first type is not associated with a health care issue, the second is acquired in a hospital or other health care institute.
  • When the bacteria attacks the organs – and it can be found in any organ in the body – it can cause a number of potentially fatal problems, including: endocarditis
  • resistant to multiple antibiotics.
  • best prevention method is attention to personal hygiene.
  • Fever and chills Headaches Shortness of breath Low blood pressure Pains in the joints
  • Methicillin, a common antibiotic used in many instances, was proven to be useless against the MRSA bacteria, and it has since evolved to become resistant to many more of the most advances antibiotics we know of. It is important to explain that MRSA is not a virus; it is a bacterial infection. It is a common bacteria that occurs across the world, and it is very difficult to estimate the numbers of people who have died from complications brought about by MRSA.
  • Prevention
  • of MRSA is
  • important
  • prevention
  • Avoid direct contact with known patients, their clothes and their direct environment Treat and protect any cuts or bruises properly Wash hands with soap and water after contact with others, and use antiseptic wipes where possible In hospitals, use the antiseptic wash facilities when entering or leaving a ward Keep a rigorous hygiene regime at all times
  • Prognosis
  • Estimates have put the mortality rate in MRSA patients at somewhere between four and 10%; the numbers of patients suffering from the infection ranks at millions at any one time across the world.
  • What Is MRSA?
  • kidney and lung infections, necrotizing faciitis, sepsis, and many more diseases of the organs. This is why it is vital that early
  • diagnosis is made.
  • MRSA And Pregnancy
  • absolutely essential that pregnant women consult their doctor should they suspect they have MRSA, or if they are known carriers
  • of the infection
  • here are certain creams that can be used by pregnant women to help with the skin infection, and a doctor will help you find the right one.
kayanking

Community-Acquired and Healthcare-Associated MRS - 0 views

www.medscape.org/...544583

shared by kayanking on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • methicillin-sensitive S aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA)
  • community-acquired (CA-MRSA) and healthcare-associated (HA-MRSA)
  • increased mortality rate associated with MRSA
  • ...35 more annotations...
  • that has continued to grow now. It approaches 60% across the United States in many of the intensive care units (ICUs)
  • MRSA has progressed at an average rate of about 2% over the past couple of years.
  • prevalence of MRSA is highly globa
  • areas where prevalence is fairly low -- in the Netherlands less than 1% and in Canada 2.3%
  • 2 policies that both countries have
  • One is a strict search-and-destroy policy: patients from other countries and those with MRSA are isolated upon hospital admission until screening cultures for MRSA are proven negative. The second is a restrictive prescribing policy in which the defined daily dosage used per 1000 people per day in primary healthcare is around 8.9.
  • aureus was found to be the predominant pathogen in nosocomial skin and skin-structure infections
  • year 2000.
  • vancomycin, which is static, as well as some of the beta-lactamases
  • delay in appropriate treatment
  • resistant organisms lead to delays in appropriate treatment, and that delays in appropriate treatment lead to resistant organisms
  • Increased cost of MRSA
  • MRSA in the bloodstream costs about 3 times more and results in 3 times longer the length of stay
  • vancomycin has the FDA indications, with linezolid second. Daptomycin and tigecycline are approved for skin and skin-structure infections, but quinupristin-dalfopristin is not approved for complicated skin and skin-structure infections with MRSA.
  • ventilator-associated pneumonia due to MRSA
  • surgical patients with resistant gram-positive cocci showed a higher mortality rate and increased length of stay
  • we had hardly any incidence of MRSA in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s in the United States
  • higher association with MRSA than with MSSA
  • fluoroquinolones, macrolides, previous hospitalizations, enteral feeds, surgery, and the length of stay before culture are independently associated with MRSA infections.
  • CA-MRSA infections
  • infections in the community usually manifest as skin infections, such as pimples and boils
  • occur in otherwise healthy people
  • HA-MRSA patients are in long-term care facilities, have comorbidities (such as diabetes), are on dialysis, have prolonged hospitalization, and are ICU patients
  • HA-MRSA is more multidrug resistant
  • In HA-MRSA, one sees nosocomial pneumonia, catheter-related urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and skin and skin-structure infections.
  • initially resulted from a recombination event, one involving the gene encoding in existing PBP and an inducible beta-lactamase gene.
  • In terms of microbiologic cure rates at the test-of-cure visit, linezolid was also superior to vancomycin.
  • Pharmacoeconomic analysis of this comparative trial in complicated skin and skin-structure infections showed that compared with vancomycin, linezolid reduced the length of stay and duration of IV treatment by about 2 days.
  • other studies have not found this similar association.
  • Vancomycin is IV only. It is more costly -- even as a generic, based on pharmacoeconomic data -- relative to linezolid.
  • Quinupristin-dalfopristin is IV only and may cause phlebitis, requiring central line placement.
  • Linezolid is relatively new; is more expensive (on an acquisition basis) compared with vancomycin; has reversible hematologic and, with long courses, neurologic effects; and has developed some resistance, mainly in enterococcal infections, with prolonged use and with failure to remove retained foreign bodies.
  • Daptomycin is IV only; quite new; has limited indications; is also expensive, compared with vancomycin; has a muscle effect requiring monitoring of creatine phosphokinase; is inactivated by surfactants, thus obviating its use in pulmonary infections; and to date has no pharmacoeconomic data.
  • Tigecycline is IV only, very new, and has a broader spectrum than any of the other agents in that it has some gram-negative activity
  • Dalbavancin is IV only, and we need to have the official data on safety, tolerance, efficacy, indication, and pharmacoeconomics, which will probably be available later this year.
jclaiborne145

MRSA - 0 views

kidshealth.org/...mrsa.html

hepatitis

shared by jclaiborne145 on 06 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • serious MRSA infections are rare, and most infections can be treated easily.
  • serious MRSA infections are rare, and most infections can be treated easily
  • MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is a type of bacteria with lots of different strain
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is a type of bacteria with lots of different strains.
  • What makes the MRSA different from other staph bacteria is that it has built up a resistance to most of the antibiotics doctors usually use to treat staph infections. (Methicillin is a type of antibiotic, which is why the strain is called "methicillin-resistant.")
  • MRSA usually affected people with weakened immune systems, like people living in nursing homes and other long-term care facilities.
  • People at greater risk for becoming infected with this germ are those who spend a lot of time together in groups, such as in schools, college dorms, or military barracks.
  • When lots of people come together and are likely to touch the same surfaces, have skin-to-skin contact, or share equipment that has not been cleaned, an infection can spread faster than it would otherwise.
  • MRSA is contagiouscontagious during a skin infection. Sometimes, people can be "carriers" of MRSA, which means the bacteria stay on or in their body for days, weeks, or even years. They can spread it to others, even if their skin looks normal. That's hand washing is so important.
  • The good news is that MRSA infections are rare in teens. And if a healthy person does get one, a doctor can treat it.
  • easy to prevent MRSA from spreading by practicing simple cleanliness.
  • Wash your hands
  • a cut or broken skin, keep it clean and covered with a bandage.
  • Don't share razors, towels, uniforms, or other items that come into contact with bare skin.
  • Cover shared sports equipment with a barrier (clothing or a towel) to prevent skin from touching it
  • Call the doctor if: You have an area of skin that is red, painful, swollen, and/or filled with pus. You have an area of swollen, painful skin and also feel feverish or sick. Skin infections seem to be passing from one family member to another (or among students in your school) or if two or more family members have skin infections at the same time.
  • MRSA infections can need different medicines and approaches to treatment than other staph infections. For example, if a person has a skin abscess caused by MRSA, the doctor is more likely to have to drain the pus from the abscess in order to clear the infection. In addition to draining the area, doctors may prescribe antibiotics for some people with MRSA infections.
  • People with infections also can help prevent other bacteria from becoming resistant to antibiotics in the future by taking the antibiotics that have been prescribed for them in the full amount until the prescription is finished (unless a doctor tells them it's OK to stop early). Germs that are allowed to hang around after incomplete treatment of an infection are more likely to become resistant to antibiotics.
  • Many strains of staph bacteria are quite common. Most people have staph bacteria living on their skin or in their noses without it causing any problems.
  • Most of these heal on their own if a person keeps the wound clean and bandaged. Sometimes doctors prescribe antibiotics to treat more stubborn staph infections.
  • MRSA skin infections often develop around open sores, like cuts, scrapes, or bites; but they also can occur on intact skin. Red, swollen, painful bumps appear that sometimes weep fluid or pus. Some people also develop a fever.
  • chris22 on 10 Sep 14
     
    Some one used this so my highlights are pink and there's is blue.
bwilliams181

How to Prevent MRSA Infection | Precautions & Skin Care Tips - 0 views

www.defensesoap.com/preventing-mrsa.html

MRSA EnglishII deflitch prevention Challenge1

shared by bwilliams181 on 17 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Screening programs Patient screening upon hospital admission, with nasal cultures, prevents the cohabitation of MRSA carriers with non-carriers, and exposure to infected surfaces.
  • Alcohol has been proven to be an effective surface sanitizer against MRSA. Quaternary ammonium can be used in conjunction with alcohol to extend the longevity of the sanitizing action.
  • The prevention of nosocomial infections involves routine and terminal cleaning. Non-flammable Alcohol Vapor in Carbon Dioxide systems (NAV-CO2) do not corrode metals or plastics used in medical environments and do not contribute to antibacterial resistance.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • MRSA can survive on surfaces and fabrics, including privacy curtains or garments worn by care providers.
  • Complete surface sanitation is necessary to eliminate MRSA in areas where patients are recovering from invasive procedures.
  • MRSA upon admission, isolating MRSA-positive patients, decolonization of MRSA-positive patients, and terminal cleaning of patients' rooms and all other clinical areas they occupy is the current best practice protocol for nosocomial MRSA.
  • After the drainage of boils or other treatment for MRSA, patients can shower at home using chlorhexidine (Hibiclens) or hexachlorophene (Phisohex) antiseptic soap from head to toe, and apply mupirocin (Bactroban) 2% ointment inside each nostril twice daily for 7 days, using a cotton-tipped swab. Doctors may also prescribe strong antibotics such as Clindamycin, Levofloxacin (Levaquin), and possibly Flagyl for the side effects of the Clindamycin. Household members are recommended to follow the same decolonization protocol.
  • To prevent the spread of Staph Infection or MRSA Infection in the workplace, employers should ensure the availability of adequate facilities and supplies that encourage workers to practice good hygiene; that surface sanitizing in the workplace is followed; and that contaminated equipment are sanitized with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered disinfectants.
rivera627

MRSA : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia - 2 views

www.nlm.nih.gov/...007261.htm

shared by rivera627 on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Serious staph infections are more common in people with a weakened immune system. This includes patients who:Are in hospitals and long-term care facilities for a long timeAre on kidney dialysis (hemodialysis)Receive cancer treatment or medicines that weaken their immune systemInject illegal drugsHad surgery in the past year
  • MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.MRSA is a "staph" germ that does not get better with the type of antibiotics that usually cure staph infections.When this occurs, the germ is said to be "resistant" to the antibiotic.
  • People who may be at risk are:Athletes and others who share items such as towels or razorsChildren in day careMembers of the militaryPeople who have gotten tattoos
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • normal for healthy people to have staph on their skin. Many of us do.
  • sign of a staph skin infection is a red, swollen, and painful area on the skin. Pus or other fluids may drain from this area. It may look like a boil. These symptoms are more likely to occur if the skin has been cut or rubbed, because this gives the MRSA germ a way to "get in."
  • These staph infections may be in the bloodstream, heart, lungs or other organs, urine, or in the area of a recent surgery. Some symptoms of these severe infections include:Chest painCough or shortness of breathFatigueFever and chillsGeneral ill feelingHeadacheRashWounds that do not heal
  • cotton swab is used to collect a sample from an open skin rash or skin sore. Or, a sample of blood, urine, sputum (spit), or pus from an abscess may be collected. The sample is sent to a lab to test for staph and MRSA. If MRSA is found, it will be tested to see which antibiotic should be used to treat your infection.
  • Do not try to pop open or drain the infection yourself. Keep any sore or wound covered with a clean bandage.
  • Outlook (Prognosis) Expand Section How well a person does depends on how severe the infection is, and the person's overall health. Pneumonia and blood infections due to MRSA are linked with high death rates.
  • Prevention Expand Section Follow these steps to avoid a staph infection and to prevent an infection from spreading:Keep your hands clean by washing them thoroughly with soap and water. Or, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.Keep cuts and scrapes clean and covered with bandages until they heal.Avoid contact with other people's wounds or bandages.Do NOT share personal items such as towels, clothing, or cosmetics.
  • Cover wounds with a clean bandage. Do NOT touch other people's bandages.Wash your hands well before and after playing sports.Shower right after exercising. Do NOT share soap, razors, or towels.If you share sports equipment, clean it first with antiseptic solution or wipes. Place clothing or a towel between your skin and the equipment.Do NOT use a common whirlpool or sauna if another person with an open sore used it. Always use clothing or a towel as a barrier.Do NOT share splints, bandages, or braces.Check that shared shower facilities are clean. If they are not clean, shower at home.
  • surgery planned, tell your health care provider if:You have frequent infectionsYou have had a MRSA infection before
  • only treatment needed for a skin MRSA infection that has not spread.
  • MRSA infections are harder to treat if they occur in:The lungs or bloodPeople who are already ill or who have a weak immune system
  • MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.MRSA is a "staph" germ
  • Most staph germs are spread by skin-to-skin contact (touching). A doctor, nurse, other health care provider, or visitors to a hospital may have staph germs on their body that can spread to a patient.
  • MRSA infections can also occur in healthy people who have not recently been in the hospital. Most of these MRSA infections are on the skin, or less commonly, in the lung
Mikeria Busby

Overview, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - 0 views

www.niaid.nih.gov/...overview.aspx

MRSA spread in Hopsital

shared by Mikeria Busby on 04 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • About one-third of people in the world have S. aureus bacteria on their bodies at any given time, primarily in the nose and on the skin.
  • The bacteria can be present without causing an active infection.
  • MRSA can be categorized according to where the infection was acquired: hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) or community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA).
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • HA-MRSA is acquired in the hospital setting and is one of many hospital-acquired infections exhibiting increased antimicrobial resistance
  • increased during the past decade due to a number of factors including an increased number of immunocompromised and elderly patients; an increase in the number of invasive procedures, e.g., advanced surgical operations and life support treatments; and failures in infection control measures such as hand washing prior to patient contact and removal of non-essential catheters.
  • tends to occur in conditions where people are in close physical contact, such as athletes involved in football and wrestling, soldiers kept in close quarters, inmates, childcare workers, and residents of long-term care facilities.
  • typically occur as skin or soft tissue infections, but can develop into more invasive, life-threatening infections.
  • occurring with increasing frequency in the United States
  • CA-MRSA is caused by newly emerging strains unlike those responsible for HA-MRSA and can cause infections in otherwise healthy persons with no links to healthcare systems.
  • During the past four decades, a type of bacteria has evolved from a controllable nuisance into a serious public health concern.
  • HA-MRSA has increased during the past decade due to a number of factors including an increased number of immunocompromised and elderly patients; an increase in the number of invasive procedures, e.g., advanced surgical operations and life support treatments; and failures in infection control measures such as hand washing prior to patient contact and removal of non-essential catheters.
  • Mikeria Busby on 03 Sep 15
     
    " HA-MRSA has increased during the past decade due to a number of factors including an increased number of immunocompromised and elderly patients; an increase in the number of invasive procedures, e.g., advanced surgical operations and life support treatments; and failures in infection control measures such as hand washing prior to patient contact and removal of non-essential catheters."
gseiber103

MRSA: Get Facts on This Staph Infection and MRSA Symptoms - 0 views

www.medicinenet.com/...article.htm

mrsa hsa deflitch English

shared by gseiber103 on 07 Sep 14 - Cached
  • MRSA means methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
  • classified as CA-MRSA (community acquired) or HA-MRSA (hospital- or health-care-acquired)
  • person to person by direct contact with the skin, clothing, or area (for example, sink, bench, bed, and utensil) that had recent physical contact with a MRSA-infected person.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • CA-MRSA starts as skin infections
  • HA-MRSA can begin an infection of the skin, a wound
  • draining pus is often one of the first signs
  • MRSA infections are diagnosed by culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
  • almost always found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics.
  • need to have antibiotic susceptibility
  • frequently involves the use of vancomycin, often in combination with other antibiotics given by IV; CA-MRSA can often be treated
  • Prevention of MRSA is possible by excellent hygiene practices, avoiding skin contact with infected people or items they have touched, and by wearing disposable gloves, gowns, and masks when treating or visiting hospitalized MRSA patients
  • one of the 18 microbes listed by the CDC as a multidrug-resistant microbe or "superbug."
chamonsta

MRSA | Student Health Services | Oregon State University - 0 views

studenthealth.oregonstate.edu/...mrsa

shared by chamonsta on 07 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • MRSA is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a potentially dangerous type of staph bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics and may cause skin and other infections. You can get MRSA through direct contact with an infected person or by sharing personal items, such as towels or razors that have touched infected skin.
  • Staph infections, including MRSA, occur most frequently among persons in hospitals and healthcare facilities who have weakened immune systems. MRSA infections that occur in otherwise healthy people who have not been recently (within the past year) hospitalized or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis, surgery, catheters) are known as community-associated (CA)-MRSA infections. These infections are usually skin infections, such as abscesses, boils, and other pus-filled lesions.
  • Red Swollen Painful Warm to the touch Full of pus or other drainage Accompanied by a fever
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Lungs (pneumonia) Bloodstream (bacteremia or septicemia) Soft tissue (cellulitis) Bone (osteomyelitis) Inner lining of the heart (endocarditis)
  • Treatment for MRSA skin infections may include having a healthcare professional drain the infection and, in some cases, prescribe an antibiotic. Do not attempt to drain the infection yourself – doing so could worsen or spread it to others. If you are given an antibiotic, be sure to take all of the doses (even if the infection is getting better), unless your healthcare professional tells you to stop taking it.
  • MRSA infections can be spread through skin-to-skin contact or less frequently by touching surfaces that have MRSA on them. MRSA is typically spread by: Having direct contact with another person’s infection Sharing personal items, such as towels or razors, that have touched infected skin Touching surfaces or items such as used bandages contaminated with MRSA
  • Keep cuts and scrapes clean and covered Practice good hygiene such as cleaning hands regularly Avoid sharing personal items such as towels and razors
asiacarrasco03

MRSA FAQ - 1 views

www.avma.org/...MRSA-FAQs.aspx

MRSA Challenge1 diseases

shared by asiacarrasco03 on 09 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • MRSA is a major pathogen in both nosocomial (infection acquired in a hospital) and community-acquired (the infection comes from a non-hospital source) infections worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it is one of the most common causes of human skin and soft tissue infections in the United States. In the United States, MRSA is the 10th leading cause of death in humans, and is the most frequently identified antimicrobial drug-resistant pathogen (a pathogen is a disease-producing organism, such as a virus or bacteria) in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. A report published in 2008 estimated that 1.5% of the US population (~4.1 million people) was colonized with MRSA.
  • The bacteria can also be spread when an animal or human comes into contact with objects that are contaminated. These objects include clothing, towels, bedding, bandages, and medical or sports equipment.
  • type of bacteria.
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • MRSA infection in a dairy cow
  • MRSA infections reported in horses, dogs, cats, pet birds, cattle and pigs.
  • MRSA is spread by direct physical contact with another person or animal
  • Athletes Military recruits People with weakened immune systems (i.e., immunocompromised)
  • (zoonotic)
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
  • Hospital patients Incarcerated individuals Nursing home residents
  • Children in day care
  • (reverse zoonotic
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus or MRSA (usually pronounced "mur-sah") is a type of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium on skin, and it is not usually a problem. However, when the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are not susceptible to the antibiotic methicillin (ie, methicillin does not kill the bacteria or stop its growth), it is considered to be MRSA. Bacteria resistant to methicillin are often resistant to other antibiotics as well.
  • If MRSA is present, it is commonly carried on the skin or in the nasal passages of healthy people and/or pets. If an infection is present, it can be found almost anywhere—especially where there's a skin wound or sore
  • does not exhibit symptoms of disease is considered to be "colonized
  • who do exhibit symptoms
  • considered "infected"
arytman716

The Facts About MRSA | Kid's Health Line - 0 views

kidshealthline.com/...the-facts-about-mrsa

facts MRSA HSA Challenge1

shared by arytman716 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • MRSA has a lot of parents worried recently – and to some
  • degree, the concern is warranted
  • Head and neck MRSA infections in children more than doubled during a five-year period during the ‘00s.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • MRSA is short for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
  • “Up to 10 percent of children have staph in their noses,” Dr. Belcher said. “And when that many children have something, it’s far from an abnormal thing. I really think the community needs to know that it’s a common organism
  • Staph is an opportunistic bacterium that often resides in the nose until it gets the chance to enter the bloodstream through cuts or scrapes. It can also enter through bug bites and eczema, according to Dr. Belcher. “
  • But it’s a normal infection that, in some ways, has been blown out of proportion by the media.”
  • o its important to wash under their nails, maybe using a nail brush, and scrub for a good few seconds to make sure to get it all out.”
  • If a child is infected with MRSA, it often first appears as a skin infection in the form of boils, abscesses or a rash
  • more than 90 percent of children who contract MRSA show no serious symptoms,
  • MRSA is often only carried for days or weeks,” Dr. Belcher said. “And there is no reason that kids with a history of MRSA should be quarantined from other students.
  • With young children, MRSA spreads partly because of a nasty childhood habit: Nose-picking. “Kids like to pick their noses,” Dr. Belcher said. “
  • “MRSA affects every type of person,” Dr. Belcher continued. “The reason children get it is pretty simple. All you have to do is watch them play to figure it out. Fortunately, it’s almost never a very serious medical situation.”
shaneep110

MRSA (Staph) Infection: Types, Risk Factors & Symptoms - 0 views

www.healthline.com/...mrsa

EnglishII HSA Challenge1 MRSAGoogleGroup

shared by shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus) is a type of staphylococcus bacteria (staph) that is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. MRSA is contagious and can cause life-threatening infection.
  • MRSA isn’t found in the natural environment (soil or water). It lives in the nose and on the skin of humans
  • MRSA is spread by coming in contact with an infected person or by exposure to a MRSA-contaminated object or surface that an infected person touches.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus) is a type of staphylococcus bacteria (staph) that is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. MRSA is contagious and can cause life-threatening infection.
  • MRSA isn’t found in the natural environment (soil or water). It lives in the nose and on the skin of humans. MRSA is spread by coming in contact with an infected person or by exposure to a MRSA-contaminated object or surface that an infected person touches.
abaxter922

MRSA Symptoms, Causes, Treatment - What is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ... - 0 views

www.medicinenet.com/...page2.htm

shared by abaxter922 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria.
  • known for causing skin infections in addition to many other types of infections.
  • hospital-acquired or health-care-acquired MRSA (also termed HA-MRSA or HMRSA), or epidemic MRSA (EMRSA).
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • There are other designations in the scientific literature for these bacteria according to where the bacteria are acquired
  • the CDC in 2011 suggest this number has declined by about 54% from 2005 to 2011,
  • 19,000 people per year have died from MRSA in the U.S.;
  • because of prevention practices at hospitals and home care.
  • hospital deaths from MRSA infection have declined by about 9,000 per year from 2005-2011.
  • CDC recently estimated about 80,000 infections with 11,000 deaths occurred in 2011,
  • resistance to methicillin was due to a penicillin-binding protein coded for by a mobile genetic element termed the methicillin-resistant gene (mecA).
  • MRSA was first noted in 1961, about two years after the antibiotic methicillin was initially used to treat S.
  • the gene has continued to evolve so that many MRSA strains are currently resistant to several different antibiotics such as penicillin, oxacillin, and amoxicillin (Amoxil, Dispermox, Trimox). HA-MRSA are often also resistant to tetracycline (Sumycin), erythromycin (E-Mycin, Eryc, Ery-Tab, PCE, Pediazole, Ilosone), and clindamycin (Cleocin)
  • have been termed "flesh-eating bacteria" because of their occasional rapid spread and destruction of human skin.
  • healthy people with no cuts, abrasions, or breaks on their skin are at low risk for getting infected.
  • MRSA strains of bacteria can be found worldwide
  • the bacteria can be passed from person to person by direct contact with infected skin, mucus, or droplets spread by coughs in both adults and children
  • Indirect contact also can spread the bacteria; for example, touching items like towels, utensils, clothing, or other objects that have been in contact with an infected person can spread the bacteria to other uninfected individuals.
  • out of every 100 people in the U.S. are colonized with MRSA (have the organisms in or on their body but not causing infection),
maireewelch329

General Information | Community | MRSA | CDC - 0 views

www.cdc.gov/...index.html

MRSA information

shared by maireewelch329 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Anyone can get MRSA through direct contact with an infected wound or by sharing personal items, such as towels or razors, that have touched infected skin.
  • Studies show that about one in three people carry staph in their nose, usually without any illness
  • Maintain good hand and body hygiene. Wash hands often, and clean body regularly, especially after exercise. Keep cuts, scrapes, and wounds clean and covered until healed. Avoid sharing personal items such as towels and razors. Get care early if you think you might have an infection.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Red Swollen Painful Warm to the touch Full of pus or other drainage Accompanied by a fever
  • If you or someone in your family experiences these signs and symptoms, cover the area with a bandage, wash your hands, and contact your doctor
  • You can’t tell by looking at the skin if it is a staph infection (including
  • Contact your doctor if you think you have an infection so it can be treated quickly
  • Signs of infection include redness, warmth, swelling, pus, and pain at sites where your skin has sores, abrasions, or cuts. Sometimes these infections can be confused with spider bites
  • Do not try to treat the infection yourself by picking or popping the sore
  • Treatment for MRSA skin infections may include having a healthcare professional drain the infection and, in some cases, prescribe an antibioti
  • Cover your wounds. Keep wounds covered with clean, dry bandages until healed. Follow your doctor’s instructions about proper care of the wound. Pus from infected wounds can contain MRSA so keeping the infection covered will help prevent the spread to others. Bandages and tape can be thrown away with the regular trash. Clean your hands often. You, your family, and others in close contact should wash their hands often with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand rub, especially after changing the bandage or touching the infected wound. Do not share personal items. Personal items include towels, washcloths, razors, clothing, and uniforms. Wash used sheets, towels, and clothes with water and laundry detergent. Use a dryer to dry them completely. Wash clothes according to manufacturer’s instructions on the label.
  • MRSA is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to several antibiotics. In the general community, MRSA can cause skin and other infections. In a healthcare setting, such as a hospital or nursing home, MRSA can cause severe problems such as bloodstream infections, pneumonia and surgical site infections. For more information visit MRSA in healthcare settings.
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