Unfortunately, Gamsakhurdia's commitment to democracy and rule of law was not as strong as his romantic Georgian nationalism, which encouraged chauvinist and intolerant tendencies among his fellow Georgians. Not only did he favor ethnic-Georgian dominance in a population composed of nearly one-third non-Georgians, he dreamed of Georgia as a regional great power, a kind of Caucasian fulcrum between Russia, Turkey and Iran.
Contents contributed and discussions participated by Duncan Flippo
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Commentary: Nasty Nationalism | The National Interest - 0 views
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shows how Gamsakhurdia favored the Georgian race and encouraged discrimination
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Tensions increased with all the country's minorities (including Armenians, Mengrelians and Azeris), but with real ferocity in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. There had been serious interethnic violence in both regions starting in 1989, which led to South Ossetia's secession in 1990.
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Gamsakhurdia was deposed in early 1992 in favor of an unelected Shevardnadze.
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Gamsakhurdia went into exile but repeatedly tried to return to power. In response, Shevardnadze sent forces into Abkhazia in September 1992 to root out support for his rival, leading to the brutal Georgian-Abkhaz war of the following year
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So the need to get rid of this guy leads to a "brutal" war. sounds like a bad outcome
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Although ignored in the West, the first instances of what later was called "ethnic cleansing" did not take place in Yugoslavia, but in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, and were perpetrated by radical Georgian nationalists under the slogan "Georgia for the Georgians.
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Sounds a lot like the reading. Georgis seems no different thatn tha balkan region when it comes to nationalist ideas
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This is the best resource I have found so far with respect to nationalism in Georgia. It has more info with less clutter than anything I have come across so far.
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Many observers believed that with patience, time and wisdom, Tbilisi might have restored its authority in South Ossetia by peaceful means. Now we shall never know. President Saakashvili's almost-inexplicable decision to unleash a massive artillery bombardment of Ossetian civilians and then attempt a swift reconquest of the region has permanently altered the political landscape.
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The key period for both South Ossetia and Abkhazia was during the Soviet breakup and subsequent emergence of an independent Georgia under the leadership of an extreme romantic nationalist, Zviad Gamsakhurdia. Gamsakhurdia was a distinguished Georgian writer and a noteworthy anti-Soviet dissident. A genuine human-rights figure, he was imprisoned by then-Georgian Communist Party boss Eduard Shevardnadze. Gamsakhurdia led nationalist forces in a drive for independence during the Gorbachev years. He became Georgian-parliament chairman in 1990 and was overwhelmingly elected president in May 1991, before the Soviet collapse.
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Georgia - HISTORY - 0 views
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In seven decades as part of the Soviet Union, Georgia maintained some cultural independence, and Georgian nationalism remained a significant--though at times muted--issue in relations with the Russians.
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Shows how georgian cultural things were not supressed as much as in bosnia and other soviet countries
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Stalin and Lavrenti Beria, his chief of secret police from 1938 to 1953, were both Georgians
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this shows a lot of Georgian history including some nationalism and post soviet stuff
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MEXICO STRUGGLES WITH CORRUPT JUDICIAL POLICE FORCE - ProQuest Research Library - ProQuest - 4 views
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The root cause has to do with impunity, because for many years, these police was used to control the population, mainly, and not to prosecute criminals. Therefore, in order for them to be the blind instruments of power, they were given autonomy. They were given impunity.
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The judicial police, though, are not only rogues acting on their own. The force is also frequently used by politicians from the ruling party to intimidate opponents
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The corruption is not fought, instead, it is encouraged and used by the politicians
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In June, when drug baron Hector Palma crash landed in a Lear jet, the government had to use the army to capture him. Judicial police in the drug lord's pay had whisked him away to a safe house belonging to the regional judicial police commander. Experts here estimate that Palma, who often traveled wearing a judicial police uniform, and other drug kingpins, have been paying judicial police and other authorities as much as $200 million a month for protection.
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These police are not covertly corrupt. They are very open about it, and everyone knows the problems, they just don't do anything about them
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President Zedillo's own son was nearly abducted by several off-duty judicial police agents who apparently mistook him for just another rich kid.
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more than two-thirds of the federal judicial police are in cahoots with drug traffickers.
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Valdez recalls how shocked he was when the men flashed badges identifying them as judicial police agents.
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The agents were never arrested, and Valdez and his son started getting telephone death threats.
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"Everything in This Job Is Money": Inside the Mexican police - ProQuest Resea... - 1 views
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Shows that people enter police force meaning to accept bribes and be corrupt. Its not about enforcing the law its about making money
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Duncan Flippo