"Surrealism and Surrealist Artists." All Buy Art. All Buy Art, 2006. Web. 10 Nov. 2010 This article is based on the history and background of modern/contemporary art and how surrealism began. Surrealism is one of the main modern art movements in the twentieth century. Expressionism, Futurism, Impressionism, minimalist, Op Art, Post impressionism, Fauvism, and other Abstract art movements have all been a part of shaping Surrealism. It is the combination of all art movements and theories that influences art today. Surrealism is known to clarify images of life as the artist sees it. It does not limit or restrict any immoral interpretations of life, but rather expresses it in an open-minded way. Surrealism expresses all irrational thoughts and makes the art lively and thrilling. It tends to raise disordered thoughts or questions, but it is meant to express fantasies, mysteries, and illusions as a temporary reality.

Eggener, Keith L. "'An Amusing Lack of Logic': Surrealism and Popular Entertainment." American Art. 7.4 (1993): 30-45. The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. This article talks about how Surrealism impacted American Art starting in the 1930s. Socialites across America were introduced to this movement by going to Surrealist Costume Balls and flipping through fashion magazines that contained this new form of art. Salvador Dali's "Dream of Venus" captured the attention of many and soon people were craving a desire to dream like him. Many do not realize that this movement was first accessible to and received by Americans. Surrealism actually evolved from trendsetters in fashion and entertainment within America and Europe. "The earliest examples of genuine Surrealist art to be seen in America were probably those included in Katherine Dreier's Sociata Anonyme exhibition of modern European and American art." Most information that Americans had about Surrealism came from printed articles in newspapers or magazines. Many surrealist authors related their work to the illusionary branch of Salvador Dali's work. He was by far the most influential person in this movement. Surrealism was not meant to be a type of revolution, but new insight or beginning for art.

Tuan, Yi-Fu. "Realism and Fantasy in Art, History, and Geography." Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 80.3 (1990): 435-446. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of the Association of American Geographer. Web. 8 Nov. 2010 This article focuses on the significance of fantasy and reality. It is important for everyone to have hopes and dreams in order to eliminate the feeling of being trapped and restricted your whole life. Art can incline the imagination in our crucial society. It expands our interpretations of life as we know it. History gives us facts as well as myths that shape the way we think and learn today. The past provides legends and myths along with cultural traditions. Geography provides us with a universal reality. Geography would be dull without imagination and fantasies. Geography is compared to art and history while focusing on a surreal reality.

Bell, Michael S. "Surrealism: An Alternative Approach: Veristic Attitudes in the Work and Writings of Contemporary Surrealists." Leonardo 17. 4 (1984): 247-252. The MIT Press. Web. 8 Nov. 2010 This article talks about how automatism (a form of ideas/conceptions) has been the main focus of surrealism and all the people in history involved with it since the 1940s. Many artists have chosen to stick to the latest and most common trends and end up writing their own philosophical views for others to focus on while observing the artistic movement. The words of surrealist artists can prove their true appreciation of their own work, but can be misunderstood with writings and literature pertaining to the artists'' work. It has been understood that surrealist work has been divided into three divisions: automatists, families of artistic content, and the fact that little research has been done to provide new facts about Surrealism. A new form of surrealist art that is discussed in this article is called veristic. Veristic is a form of representational art pertaining to images "beyond illusion." Miran Ahn has studied the dream-conception of Surrealism. She relates the unrealistic images of surreal art to contemporary paintings. She believes that some think surrealism is not worthy as a movement in art because of its imaginary images. Ahn believes that traditional contemporary art can be damaging to surrealism because it is seen as a insensible cliché.

"Introduction to the Artistic Style of Surrealism." ArtHistory.net. Web 9 Nov. 2010. This article discusses how Surrealism has progressed and captured Modern imagination and Art. Surrealism started from the work and culture of Salvador Dali. Other surrealists, such as Andre Breton, wanted to explore further through literature, poetry, and the human mind. Breton described wrote a novel and described Surrealism as "those two seemingly contradictory states, dream and reality, into a sort of absolute reality, of surreality." One of the main reason why Surrealism grew and has effected contemporary art is because it has captured attention in numerous countries such as Europe, the United States, South America, and Mexico. It brought a sense of excitement for artists because it broadened the typical view of life as we know it. It allowed artists to create works in which they only dreamed about. Another surrealist artist, Kahlo, was very passionate about her work. An example of her work was an image of herself in a hospital bed as a victim with glaring objects hovering over her. She wanted to show viewers the sad nature of hopelessness. Kahlo was a large influence for the Surrealist movement.

Criel, Gaston. "Surrealism." Books Abroad 26. 2 (1952): 133-136 University of Oklahoma. Web. 9 Nov. 2010 In this article, Surrealism is explained as one's immediate interpretation of life and reality. It is not a question regarding literature of art anymore because the concept of surrealism is becoming clearer to viewers today. It started with the works of Dada (Salvador Dali) and has grown into self-realization of our wildest dreams. This self-realization has progressed through works of literature and famous poetry throughout history. Surrealism is described as an unrestricted vision between the world and reality. This leaves us in an exciting environment where everything is pleasant and enjoyable. According to Andre Breton, "Surrealism arose from an affirmation of faith in the genius of youth (135)." Surrealism gives us back our youth. It allows us to aim for the sky because nothing is holding us back.

Malt, Johanna. "Surrealism, Art and Modern Science: Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Epistemology." French Studies 64.4 (2010): 502-503. Web. 7 Nov. 2010. This article discusses how Salvador Dali and Max Ernst became familiar with the philosophical views that go along with the works of Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg, and Schrodinger. These enlightenment thinkers tied the science of physics with literature and the arts. The ideas of Physics are also known to serve as a significant connection to the deeper thoughts and practices associated with the Surrealist movement. Gaston Bacherald agrees with the ideas of space, relativity, and fourth-dimensional art likewise to Salvador Dali. These ideas of Bacherald and Dali correlate with the quantum theory in modern philosophy. Susan Whitney of the Catholic and Communist Party stresses the importance of gender relations and art. She believes that new literature will correspond with twentieth-century art.

Malt, Johanna. "Surrealism, Art and Modern Science: Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Epistemology." French Studies 64.4 (2010), 502-503. Salvador Dali and Max Ernst became familiar with the philosophical views that go along with the works of Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg, and Schrodinger. These enlightenment thinkers tied the science of physics with literature and the arts. The ideas of Physics are also known to serve as a significant connection to the deeper thoughts and practices associated with the Surrealist movement. Gaston Bacherald agrees with the ideas of space, relativity, and fourth-dimensional art likewise to Salvador Dali. These ideas of Bacherald and Dali correlate with the quantum theory in modern philosophy. Susan Whitney of the Catholic and Communist Party stresses the importance of gender relations and art. She believes that new literature will correspond with twentieth-century art.

Dalrymple-Henderson, Linda. "The Fourth Dimension and Non-Euclidean Geometry in Modern Art: Conclusion." Leonardo 17.3 (1984): 205-210. The MIT Press. Web. 3 Nov. 2010. This article first talks about the non-Euclidean geometries in art from 1900-1930. Non-Euclidean geometry has developed a unique change in mathematics, science, and philosophy. It seemed to clarify the affiliation between mathematics and observations in science. This type of geometry was used to depart from literature-related paintings. It focused on animated, multimedia, and specifically four-dimensional (instead of three-dimensional) paintings. Rice Pereira, an American painter, found the elements of hyperspace philosophy. This philosophy included the glowing works of art that can relate to a mystical action or experience one may have encountered. Language or words is considered unreliable in this art, whereas the four dimensional paintings can speak for themselves. The imagination and enthusiasm of surrealist artists has brought hope and new ideas (like four-dimensional paintings) to modern art.

Paris, Václav. "On Surrealism and the Art of Crime: Considered as One of the Fine Starts." Journal of Modern Literature 33.4 (2010), 190-197. This article focuses on a specific type of surrealism, known as Bretonian surrealism. It is known to have a new outlook of evidence within every piece. It tries to pin point "crime" within surreal art by emphasizing its unique aspects. He describes surrealism as a liberating and fascinating collage. Surrealism may bring "crime" because it dramatizes our senses of realism and makes us want to keep exploring for irrational experiences. The art portrays this sense of crime because it messes with our interpretation of what is real and what is not. The impossible suddenly seems possible. Surrealism has shaped modern art because of it's label as "the Art of Crime." It has shaped the way modern artists imagine and create their work by displaying its own surreal way of life. It may be viewed as bizarre, mesmerizing, or even illusory.

San Juan, E.J. "Antonio Gramsci on Surrealism and the Avant-Garde. " Journal of Aesthetic Education 37.2 (2003): 31-45. Ohio Link. Web. 1 Nov. 2010. This article talks about how Surrealism began. Surrealism has formed and progressed in history from the works of Salvador Dali (one of the core artists within Surrealism) with the hope of building a society based liberty and justice. Surrealism has been said to clarify the questions within this art movement and provide a better understanding of the works done. Though it has been built from the French language, Italian Marxist, Antonio Gramsci, founded the innovative journal and expressed that art is "the historicization and objectification of vision/intuition." Surrealists believe in the possibilities of unrealistic thoughts and illogical behavior that can build up to contemporary ideas in art. The surrealist movement has interpreted an inspiring, yet different interpretation of reality.