The effects of combined driving and vehicle-to-grid
(V2G) usage on the lifetime performance of relevant commercial Li-ion
cells were studied. We derived a nominal realistic driving schedule based
on aggregating driving survey data and the Urban Dynamometer Driving
Schedule, and used a vehicle physics model to create a daily battery duty
cycle. Different degrees of continuous discharge were imposed on the cells
to mimic afternoon V2G use to displace grid electricity. The loss of
battery capacity was quantified as a function of driving days as well as a
function of integrated capacity and energy processed by the cells. The
cells tested showed promising capacity fade performance: more than 95% of
the original cell capacity remains after thousands of driving days worth
of use. Statistical analyses indicate that rapid vehicle motive cycling
degraded the cells more than slower, V2G galvanostatic cycling. These data
are intended to inform an economic model.
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