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On Board Energy Storage - Reason Automobile Engineers Chose (Choose) Fossil Fuel : Clea... - 0 views

cleantechnica.com/...neers-chose-choose-fossil-fuel batteries
shared by Colin Bennett on 24 Jul 08 - Cached
  • Colin Bennett on 24 Jul 08
     
    Batteries have to contain all of the chemicals on both sides of their energy releasing equation. The very best batteries available today can store about 0.4 MJ/kg (0.05 kw-hr/lb) including the cases and safety systems. In contrast, gasoline carries about 46 MJ/kg (5.7 kw-hrs/lb).\n\nEven with a 20% efficient IC engine, a gasoline tank stores 20 times as much energy as a battery of equal weight. As the vehicle is moving it gets rid of some of that weight. Battery powered vehicles must carry the full weight of their energy source.\n\nThe energy density difference also plays a key role in the time that it takes to put more energy back on the vehicle once a fuel load is consumed. A two minute fill-up of a 12 gallon tank puts the equivalent of 87 kilowatt-hours into the vehicle, again, taking into account the 20% thermal efficiency.\n\n87 kilowatt-hours in 2 minutes works out to 2.6 MegaWatts. Even with a 220 volt connection, that would require about 11,800 amperes of current. Just imagine the size of the electric cables for that current.\n\nThere are certainly places and applications where electric vehicles have a role, but it is worth remembering that at least five or six generations of engineers have looked very hard at trying to meet transportation needs and they keep coming back to the same fact - when you want to move a vehicle, you need power, (energy per unit time).
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Govt announces electric vehicle (EV) plans | Saving Energy - 0 views

www.savingenergy.ie/...nces-electric-vehicle-ev-plans ireland electric vehicles pledges targets goverment
shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 13 Dec 08 - Cached
  • The Minister for Energy, Eamon Ryan and Transport Minister, Noel Dempsey have announced the Government’s plans for a mass fleet of electric vehicles in Ireland. A a target of 10% of all vehicles in Ireland are to be powered by electricity by 2020. Details set out in the Electric Vehicle(EV) Plan: Tax incentives for business wishing to purchase electric vehicles Businesses will be able to write off 100% of the cost against tax under the Accelerated Capital Allowance Scheme €1 million set aside by Sustainable Energy Ireland for the research and development of vehicles nationally Guidance for individuals who wish to purchase an electric vehicle – the SEI is to publish a “Buyer’s Guide” and a “Cost of Ownership Calculator”
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Global sustainability and key needs in future automotive design - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...14700327 recycling
shared by Ihering Alcoforado on 03 Jul 10 - Cached
  • Ihering Alcoforado on 03 Jul 10
     
    Environ Sci Technol. 2003 Dec 1;37(23):5414-6. Global sustainability and key needs in future automotive design. McAuley JW. Basell USA Inc., 912 Appleton Road, Elkton, Maryland 21921, USA. john.mcauley@basell.com Abstract The number of light vehicle registrations is forecast to increase worldwide by a factor of 3-5 over the next 50 years. This will dramatically increase environmental impacts worldwide of automobiles and light trucks. If light vehicles are to be environmentally sustainable globally, the automotive industry must implement fundamental changes in future automotive design. Important factors in assessing automobile design needs include fuel economy and reduced emissions. Many design parameters can impact vehicle air emissions and energy consumption including alternative fuel or engine technologies, rolling resistance, aerodynamics, drive train design, friction, and vehicle weight. Of these, vehicle weight is key and will translate into reduced energy demand across all energy distribution elements. A new class of vehicles is needed that combines ultra-light design with a likely hybrid or fuel cell engine technology. This could increase efficiency by a factor of 3-5 and reduce air emissions as well. Advanced lightweight materials, such as plastics or composites, will need to overtake the present metal-based infrastructure. Incorporating design features to facilitate end-of-life recycling and recovery is also important. The trend will be towards fewer materials and parts in vehicle design, combined with ease of disassembly. Mono-material construction can create vehicle design with improved recyclability as well as reduced numbers of parts and weight.
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Cleantech Blog: Smart Grids and Electric Vehicles - 0 views

www.cleantechblog.com/...ids-and-electric-vehicles.html electric vehicles smart grid v2g
shared by Colin Bennett on 30 Jan 08 - Cached
  • In the future, utilities will pay you to plug-in your vehicle. Millions will plug-in their electric vehicles (EV), plug-in hybrids (PHEV) and fuel cell vehicles (FCV) at night when electricity is cheap, then plug-in during the day when energy is expensive and sell those extra electrons at a profit. Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology is a bi-directional electric grid interface that allows a plug-in to take energy from the grid or put it back on the grid.
  • Hans De Keulenaer on 31 Jan 08
     
    Well ... time will tell whether plug-in hybrids will be a "licence to print money scheme" or a technology to balance the grid. Because there is a reason for the peak - we all use energy according to the same pattern, driven by day-night, office hours and schools.
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Research - 0 views

wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/...ceic-09-03.asp v2g batteries lithium costs economics plug-in hybrids
shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 21 Aug 09 - No Cached
  • We examine the potential economic implications of using vehicle batteries to store grid electricity generated at off-peak hours for off-vehicle use during peak hours. Hourly electricity prices in three U.S. cities were used to arrive at daily profit values, while the economic losses associated with battery degradation were calculated based on data collected from A123 Systems LiFePO4/Graphite cells tested under combined driving and off-vehicle electricity utilization. For a 16 kWh vehicle battery pack, the maximum annual profit with perfect market information and no battery degradation cost ranged from ~$140 to $250 in the three cities. If the measured battery degradation is applied, however, the maximum annual profit (if battery pack replacement costs fall to $5,000 for a 16 kWh battery) decreases to ~$10-$120. It appears unlikely that these profits alone will provide sufficient incentive to the vehicle owner to use the battery pack for electricity storage and later off-vehicle use. We also estimate grid net social welfare benefits from avoiding the construction and use of peaking generators that may accrue to the owner, finding that these are similar in magnitude to the energy arbitrage profit.
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Cleantech Blog: USPS may buy 20,000 Hybrid and Electric Vehicles - 0 views

www.cleantechblog.com/...20000-hybrid-and-electric.html hybrid usa electricity postal service electric vehicles
shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 16 Feb 10 - No Cached
  • Most of the 220,000 U.S. Postal Service vehicles only travel 20 to 25 miles per day making them a good match with the range of an electric vehicle. Hundreds of stops make hybrids and electrics ideal for capturing braking energy and regenerating the batteries.
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The transition to a Zero Emission Vehicles fleet for cars in the EU by 2050 - 1 views

diigo.com/0aqqjg electric vehicles
shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 14 Nov 17 - No Cached
  • Decarbonising transport is central to achieving Europe’s policy commitments on climate change. T ransport is expected to deliver a 60% greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction target of the EU for 2050. Achieving these commitments is expected to require a complete decarbonisation of the passenger car fleet. The more ambitious COP21 commitment to limit temperature rises to 1.5°C will also likely demand a complete decarbonisation of transport by 2050.
  • Attaining a 100% ZEV fleet by 2050 will require all new car sales to be ZEV by 2035 (assuming a similar vehicle life-time as today) and a substantially faster introduction of ZEVs and PHEVs than current policy and likely 2025 policies will achieve .
  • Compared to the CO2 emission reductions targeted in the current EU plan, the transition to a 100% ZEV car fleet by 2050 will result in an additional reduction of the cumulative CO2 emissions in the period 2020 and 2050 of 2.2 to 3.9 gigatonnes. The current EU White Paper for T ransport, targets to reduce the transport emissions by 60% compared to 1990.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • The best option for a rapid emission reduction is to focus on BEVs rather than PHEVs whereby the EU goes directly and aggressively to 100% ZEV sales. A scenario where PHEVs are first will push the strong ZEV growth further into the future and will ultimately require a larger effort at a later time. However, the impact of (an early fleet of) PHEVs on reducing ZEV costs, increasing consumer acceptance and promoting investments in charging / fuelling infra is difficult to predict / model and may play an important role as well.
  • The “Tank to Wheel” amount of energy needed for transport will be reduced by 78% compared to today for a transition to a BEV passenger car fleet. A transition to a 100% fuel cell electric vehicle fleet will result in a 46% reduction of energy for the EU’s car fleet.
  • Around 1,740 million barrels of oil per year could be saved by 2050 with the transition to a zero-emission passenger car fleet, the equivalent of € 78 billion at the current price of 45 $ per barrel.
  • The GHGs from oil will potentially get higher if shifting to for example oil sands .
  • Purchase cost parity is assumed to be achieved in the period 2022-2026 for a BEV and a comparable internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), with BEVs being comparatively lower in cost after that. Parity at Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) level will be achieved 2 to 4 years before the purchase cost parity is achieved. The average TCO for a ZEV will be €0.04 to €0.06 per kilometre less than an ICEV by 2030.
  • This represents societal savings of € 140 billion to € 210 billion per year for a 100% ZEV EU car fleet.
  • A mass market for ZEV cars will create synergy for the cost competitive development of a ZEV LCV (Light Commercial V ehicles) market representing 17% of the light vehicles emissions. It will also accelerate the development of a HDV (Heavy Duty V ehicle) ZEV / PHEV market for passenger and goods transportation. It will also free up advanced biofuels for other transport sectors.
  • A lithium-ion battery manufacturing capacity of 400 to 600 Gigawatt hours will be required at the point where 100% of the passenger cars in Europe sold will be BEV . This is the equivalent of around 10 to 14 “Giga factories” representing a value of €40 to 60 billion per year for cars alone.
  • In addition, as BEVs have superior driving performance characteristics and people used to driving electric do not return to ICEVs, the transition may become demand driven once the price, range and infrastructure barriers have been removed.
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IDTechEx Predicts Electric Vehicle Charging Going Zero-Emission, Off-Grid - 5 views

www.energytrend.com/...20200411-16892.html electrification IDTechEx
shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 14 Apr 20 - Cached
  • The new IDTechEx report, "Zero-Emission Electric Vehicle Charging: Off-Grid 2020-2040" examines how the electric vehicle business is finding it profitable to respond to criticism that clean vehicles should not be charged with fossil fuel electricity. The purpose of this 230-page report is to enable materials, component, vehicle and infrastructure suppliers and putative suppliers, and all others in the value chain, to understand this large emerging opportunity for off-grid zero-emission OGZE charging of electric vehicles land, water and airborne.
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Green Car Congress: BAE Systems Demonstrates Hybrid-Electric Drive System for Ground Co... - 0 views

www.greencarcongress.com/...bae-systems-dem.html hybrid
shared by davidchapman on 20 Aug 07 - Cached
  • davidchapman on 20 Aug 07
     
    BAE Systems Demonstrates Hybrid-Electric Drive System for Ground Combat Vehicles 15 August 2007 The NLOS-C self-propelled howitzer is the first application of the common hybrid drive system. BAE Systems demonstrated the first hybrid-electric drive system for ground combat vehicles as part of the US Army's Future Combat Systems (FCS) program. The Traction Drive Subsystem (TDS) for the FCS program is a diesel series-hybrid drive system that will provide vehicle propulsion, steering and braking, and regenerate electrical power from braking and downhill grades for use in vehicle electrical systems
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Clean Energy Innovation Study - 0 views

www.google.org/...learnmore.html renewables innovation study future costs electric vehicles learning curve
shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 06 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Google's energy team developed aggressive "breakthrough" cost/performance levels for solar photovoltaics (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP), on-shore and off-shore wind, geothermal including Enhanced Geothermal Systems, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), nuclear, Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), Battery Electric Vehicles (EV), rapid and long discharge grid-storage, and natural gas.
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Electric vehicles in the spotlight | Cleantech Group - 0 views

media.cleantech.com/...electric-vehicles-spotlight batteries biofuels cars electric vehicles electricity hybrids transport
shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 28 Jul 08 - Cached
  • Car makers, electric car chargers, two mayors and one prime minister all made the call for more electric, hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars and an infrastructure to support the vehicles.
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UltraBattery Sets New Standard For Hybrid Electric Vehicles - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...080118093341.htm batteries electric vehicles
shared by Colin Bennett on 21 Jan 08 - Cached
  • ScienceDaily (Jan. 18, 2008) — The odometer of a low emission hybrid electric test vehicle recently reached 100,000 miles as the car circled a track in the UK using the power of an advanced CSIRO battery system. The UltraBattery combines a supercapacitor and a lead acid battery in a single unit, creating a hybrid car battery that lasts longer, costs less and is more powerful than current technologies used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).
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Research - 0 views

wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/...ceic-09-02.asp lithium batteries electric vehicles lifetime degradation v2g
shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 21 Aug 09 - Cached
  • The effects of combined driving and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) usage on the lifetime performance of relevant commercial Li-ion cells were studied. We derived a nominal realistic driving schedule based on aggregating driving survey data and the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, and used a vehicle physics model to create a daily battery duty cycle. Different degrees of continuous discharge were imposed on the cells to mimic afternoon V2G use to displace grid electricity. The loss of battery capacity was quantified as a function of driving days as well as a function of integrated capacity and energy processed by the cells. The cells tested showed promising capacity fade performance: more than 95% of the original cell capacity remains after thousands of driving days worth of use. Statistical analyses indicate that rapid vehicle motive cycling degraded the cells more than slower, V2G galvanostatic cycling. These data are intended to inform an economic model.
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Business Better: Study Shows Bioelectricty Better Than Ethanol - 0 views

bizbetter.blogspot.com/...bioelectricty-better-than.html
shared by Gina-Marie Cheeseman on 18 May 09 - Cached
  • Gina-Marie Cheeseman on 18 May 09
     
    A new study concluded that vehicles powered by bioelectricity provided 80 percent more miles of transporation per crop acre than vehicles running on ethanol made from corn or switchgrass.
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Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies - 0 views

batt.lbl.gov batteries lithium electric vehicles usa lbnl
shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 23 Feb 10 - Cached
  • The Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Vehicles Technologies (FCVT) to help develop high-performance rechargeable batteries for use in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs). The work is carried out by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and several other organizations, and is organized into six separate research tasks.
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First private electric vehicle charging stations unveiled in Texas - 4 views

www.thinkinnovation.org/...ing-stations-unveiled-in-texas electric vehicles usa charging
shared by David Think on 11 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • David Think on 11 Apr 11
     
    NRG Energy has opened its first eVgo direct-current electric vehicle charging station in Dallas, Texas, today as part of a privately funded 70-station network
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Cleantech Blog: 5,050 Electric Vehicle Charging Stations for SF Bay - 0 views

www.cleantechblog.com/...vehicle-charging-stations.html electric vehicles charging infrastructure usa
shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 10 Aug 10 - No Cached
  • The new program will leverage up to $5 million in Air District funds to support electric vehicle charging infrastructure grants including:3,000 home chargers at single family and multi-family dwellings2,000 public chargers at employer and high-density parking areas50 fast chargers within close proximity to highways
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Climate Change - What are we doing about it in Washington State? - Electrify Transporta... - 0 views

www.ecy.wa.gov/...on_electrifytransportation.htm efficiency electricity hybrid losses plug-in hybrids usa
shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 31 Dec 08 - Cached
  • Electrified transportation is the use of electrical power to run transportation vehicles and related facilities. Electricity has long been used to power transportation in the Seattle area where 150 King County Metro electric trolley buses serve 14 routes covering 115 miles. Now electrical power options are spreading to port facilities, medium-duty trucks, school buses and truck stops. Most importantly, electricity is emerging to power cars and light-duty vehicles in the form of gasoline-electric hybrids and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) which can use grid power and run longer on batteries than regular hybrids. These options are explored in the FAQ below. These questions and answers are derived from a 2007 ETWG Briefing Report written by Rich Feldman, Apollo Alliance and Patrick Mazza, Climate Solutions.
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OpEdNews » How Much Electricity Does It take To Replace Gasoline? - 0 views

www.opednews.com/...by-Jeff-Wilson-081221-993.html electric vehicles efficiency usa
shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 23 Dec 08 - Cached
  • That is, the energy in all the gasoline consumed is about 5,200 billion kilowatt-hours. So is that how much electricity we need? No! It turns out that electric vehicles are far more energy efficient! A gasoline-powered vehicle does good to average 15% energy efficiency. I know this from taking actual measurements while doing research for my first book. A plug-in electric car, however, can easily maintain 60% energy efficiency. Since the electric car is 4 times as efficient, it only needs 1/4 as much energy to go a mile. That means we can divide the total energy used by a gasoline-powered car to see how much electricity it would need to go the same distance.
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IEEE Spectrum: Our First Electric Cars...May Be Trucks - 0 views

spectrum.ieee.org/6439 batteries electric vehicles electricity hybrids plug-in hybrids spectrum
shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 13 Jul 08 - Cached
  • Today there are roughly 2 million hybrids in the global car park of 820 million vehicles—or far less than 1 percent. And there are fewer than 200 plug-in hybrids. Before we start thinking about other uses for the battery packs in such vehicles, Kjaer all but begged his audience, “let's just get the batteries driving the wheels first!”
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