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jnet0124

Can Mary Shelley's Frankenstein be read as an early research ethics text? | Medical Hum... - 7 views

mh.bmj.com/32

shared by jnet0124 on 13 Nov 17 - No Cached
  • Can Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein be read as an early research ethics text?
    • jnet0124
      jnet0124 on 13 Nov 17
       
      SEE HEAR
  • Frankenstein is an early and balanced text on the ethics of research upon human subjects and that it provides insights that are as valid today as when the novel was written.
  • Mary Shelley conceived the idea for and started writing Frankenstein in 1816 and it was first published in 1818.1 In its historical context, the earlier 17th and 18th centuries had seen the early signs of the rise of science and experimentation. Francis Bacon (1561–1626) had laid the theoretical foundations in his “Great Insauration”2 and scientists such as Boyle, Newton, and Hooke developed the experimental methods. Sir Robert Talbor, a 17th century apothecary and one of the key figures in developing the use of quinine to treat fevers, underlined this: “the most plausible reasons unless backed by some demonstrable experiments seem but suppositions or conjectures”.3
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  • The 18th century saw the continued construction of foundations upon which all subsequent medical experimentation has been built.
  • Lady Mary Montagu promoted smallpox vaccination; its proponents experimented on prisoners to study its efficacy, and James Jurin, the secretary of the Royal Society, developed mathematical proof of this in the face of ecclesiastical opposition.4 Many of the modern concepts of therapeutic trials were described although not widely accepted. Empirical observation through experimentation was starting to be recognised as the tool that allowed ascertainment of fact and truth. An account of Dr Bianchini’s experiments on “Le Medicin Electrique”, reported to the Royal Society explains that “The experiments were made by Dr Bianchini assisted by several curious and learned men … who not being able to separate what was true … determined to be guided by their own experiments and it was by this most troublesome though of all the others the most sure way, that they have learned to reject a great number of what have been published as facts.”5
  • Similarly, Henry Baker’s report to the Royal Society, describing Abbe Nollet’s experiments, outlined the need for comparative studies and that “treatment should not be condemned without a fair trial”6 and a Belgian doctor, Professor Lambergen, describing the use of deadly nightshade for the treatment of breast cancer wrote “Administration of this plant certainly merits the attention of the medical profession; and surely one may add entitles the medicine to future trials … nevertheless the most efficacious medicines are such if its efficacy by repeated trials be approved.”7 In the mid 18th century James Lind conducted the first controlled trial to establish a cure for scurvy and his Treatise on the Scurvy contains what could be seen in modern terminology as the first “review of the current literature” prior to a clinical trial.8
  • Her motives for writing Frankenstein are more difficult to define. In her introduction to the 1831 edition she writes that she wanted her work to … speak to the mysterious fears of our nature and awaken thrilling horror—one to make the reader dread to look round. If I did not accomplish these things, my ghost story would be unworthy of its name … (p 7, p 8)
  • The 1818 preface, written by Percy Bysshe Shelley, indicates a deeper purpose. He wrote that the story recommends itself as it “…affords a point of view on the imagination for the delineating of human passions more comprehensive and commanding than any which the ordinary relations of existing events can yield…” (p 11) and that “…I am by no means indifferent to the manner in which ... moral tendencies (that) exist in the sentiments of characters shall affect the reader…”(p 12).
Brianna Crowley

The Neuroscience of Your Brain on Fiction - NYTimes.com - 6 views

www.nytimes.com/...-of-your-brain-on-fiction.html

brain literature

shared by Brianna Crowley on 22 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • The brain, it seems, does not make much of a distinction between reading about an experience and encountering it in real life; in each case, the same neurological regions are stimulated. Keith Oatley, an emeritus professor of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto (and a published novelist), has proposed that reading produces a vivid simulation of reality, one that “runs on minds of readers just as computer simulations run on computers.” Fiction — with its redolent details, imaginative metaphors and attentive descriptions of people and their actions — offers an especially rich replica. Indeed, in one respect novels go beyond simulating reality to give readers an experience unavailable off the page: the opportunity to enter fully into other people’s thoughts and feelings.
  • Brianna Crowley on 22 Mar 12
     
    Science is supporting the idea of descriptive, narrative passages as providing different brain stimulation from simply nonfiction or informative reading. 
Bradley Bethel

Mind - Research Upends Traditional Thinking on Study Habits - NYTimes.com - 63 views

www.nytimes.com/...07mind.html

shared by Bradley Bethel on 08 Oct 10 - No Cached
  • Take the notion that children have specific learning styles, that some are “visual learners” and others are auditory; some are “left-brain” students, others “right-brain.” In a recent review of the relevant research, published in the journal Psychological Science in the Public Interest, a team of psychologists found almost zero support for such ideas.
    • Bradley Bethel
      Bradley Bethel on 08 Oct 10
       
      Might there still be reason to present material in multiform ways?
trisha_poole

Test-Taking Cements Knowledge Better Than Studying, Researchers Say - NYTimes.com - 64 views

www.nytimes.com/...21memory.html

tests assessment research

shared by trisha_poole on 22 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • trisha_poole on 22 Jan 11
     
    Taking a test is not just a passive mechanism for assessing how much people know, according to new research. It actually helps people learn, and it works better than a number of other studying techniques.
  • Bob Calder on 22 Jan 11
     
    The problem is that it is "testing research" that uses testing to measure learning. This is always a proxy for learning and notoriously unreliable. I'm hoping to see the report when it is actually published. Right now it is pre-publication.
GP withMdmLin

Edmodo | Home - 89 views

www.edmodo.com/home

shared by GP withMdmLin on 28 Jan 11 - Cached
  • Flashbacks -
  • Flashbacks - Monday, February 21,2011
  • f Representatives
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  • Tuesday -
  • Agenda -
  • PLN:
  • Experts:
  • Livebinder:
  • Experts & Websites:
  • PLN
  • Experts & Websites:
  • Livebinders:
  • PLN
  • Experts & Websites:
  • Livebinders:
  • PLN Personal Learning Network
  • PLN: Personal Learning Network
  • Experts & Websites:
  • Livebinders:
  • eWomen
    • Brenna Novak
      Brenna Novak on 04 Jul 12
       
      An example of teacher posting and student responses/posts in Edmodo
  • Me to 2* Science Diffusion, Osmosis, & Active Transport Notes Turned in (0) DUE: May 24, 2012 Please fill-in as we go through them in class. I will upload a separate document with the diagrams. I will create a handout of the diagrams so please DO NOT print from here. Diffusion, Osmosis, & Active Transport Notes... Show Full Post Show Less
    • Brenna Novak
      Brenna Novak on 04 Jul 12
       
      The pink highlight is an example of a homework/note posting in Edmodo. You can keep track of who has completed the assignment.
    • Joel Gogwim
      Joel Gogwim on 12 Jul 12
       
      Its cool
    • Monica Del Castillo
      Monica Del Castillo on 13 Aug 12
       
      Nice thanks
    • Cathy Hopperstad
      Cathy Hopperstad on 27 Sep 12
       
      Yes, how do you remove the stickies from my Edmodo page?
    • Roy Sovis
      Roy Sovis on 13 Nov 12
       
      Cathy, I loaded the Diigo toolbar in IE, Firefox, and Chrome. It's the only toolbar I use. In Firefox and IE, I click on the Diigo icon in the toolbar and mouse hover over "See All Annotations". Another menu will open in whcih you can select the setting you desire in regards to public and private annotations/sticky notes.
    • Brenna Novak
      Brenna Novak on 04 Jul 12
       
      I like using the highlighting and sticky notes. This can be a great tool to use with my students. Just like I am doing for Edmodo by pointing out the different features of the site.
    • Dan Warren
      Dan Warren on 29 Aug 12
       
      OK. Nice. Now, how do I get rid of the notes floating on my Edmodo page?
    • A Kashdan
      A Kashdan on 05 Nov 12
       
      I started using Diigo, but I have no idea why I'm seeing these notes.
    • carmelladoty
      carmelladoty on 10 Dec 12
       
      Ok, I read the sticky notes, now how do I remove them?
    • Diego Tutor
      Diego Tutor on 31 Dec 12
       
      You can't remove them as they are not your notes, they were published by somebody else in a group where you have access to (Public, Diigo in Education, etc.). You have the option to hide them through the Diigo toolbar, or you can abandon the group not to see any notes from any member in it. :)
  • Utilitarian education
  • Matt Baer on 16 Aug 12
     
    quotes and quotes and quotes...
Randy Schultz

Findings - For Decades, Puzzling People With Mathematics - NYTimes.com - 40 views

www.nytimes.com/...20tier.html

shared by Randy Schultz on 20 Oct 09 - Cached
  • On Wednesday, Mr. Gardner will celebrate his 95th birthday with the publication of another book — his second book of essays and mathematical puzzles to be published just this year. With more than 70 books to his name, he is the world’s best-known recreational mathematician, and has probably introduced more people to the joys of math than anyone in history.
Christopher Jackson

Is College Worth It? Clearly, New Data Say - NYTimes.com - 72 views

www.nytimes.com/...h-it-clearly-new-data-say.html

shared by Christopher Jackson on 31 May 14 - No Cached
  • worth it.
    • Christopher Jackson
      Christopher Jackson on 29 Aug 14
       
      "Worth it" suggests that the values in question are only those of money and calculation. Is that the best way to measure what college can offer?
  • Yes, college is worth it, and it’s not even close. For all the struggles that many young college graduates face, a four-year degree has probably never been more valuable.
  • he singer Jill Scott, who was being given an honorary doctorate, at graduation ceremonies at Temple University in Philadelphia this month.
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  • hat the pay gap has nonetheless continued growing means that we’re still not producing enough of them
  • experts and journalists
  • According to a paper by Mr. Autor published Thursday in the journal Science, the true cost of a college degree is about negative $500,000. That’s right: Over the long run, college is cheaper than free. Not going to college will cost you about half a million dollars.
  • education brings a huge return.
  • benefits of college don’t go just to graduates of elite colleges
Kent Gerber

What the Web Said Yesterday - The New Yorker - 42 views

www.newyorker.com/...cobweb

web digital preservation archives digital archives preservation history scholarly communication citations

shared by Kent Gerber on 02 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • average life of a Web page is about a hundred days
    • Kent Gerber
      Kent Gerber on 02 Feb 15
       
      Where does this statistic come from?
  • Twitter is a rare case: it has arranged to archive all of its tweets at the Library of Congress.
  • Sometimes when you try to visit a Web page what you see is an error message: “Page Not Found.” This is known as “link rot,”
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  • Or maybe the page has been moved and something else is where it used to be. This is known as “content drift,”
  • For the law and for the courts, link rot and content drift, which are collectively known as “reference rot,” have been disastrous.
  • According to a 2014 study conducted at Harvard Law School, “more than 70% of the URLs within the Harvard Law Review and other journals, and 50% of the URLs within United States Supreme Court opinions, do not link to the originally cited information.”
  • one in five links provided in the notes suffers from reference rot
  • 1961, in Cambridge, J. C. R. Licklider, a scientist at the technology firm Bolt, Beranek and Newman, began a two-year study on the future of the library, funded by the Ford Foundation and aided by a team of researchers that included Marvin Minsky, at M.I.T.
  • Licklider envisioned a library in which computers would replace books and form a “network in which every element of the fund of knowledge is connected to every other element.”
  • Licklider’s two-hundred-page Ford Foundation report, “Libraries of the Future,” was published in 1965.
  • Kahle enrolled at M.I.T. in 1978. He studied computer science and engineering with Minsky.
  • Vint Cerf, who worked on ARPAnet in the seventies, and now holds the title of Chief Internet Evangelist at Google, has started talking about what he sees as a need for “digital vellum”: long-term storage. “I worry that the twenty-first century will become an informational black hole,” Cerf e-mailed me. But Kahle has been worried about this problem all along.
  • The Internet Archive is also stocked with Web pages that are chosen by librarians, specialists like Anatol Shmelev, collecting in subject areas, through a service called Archive It, at archive-it.org, which also allows individuals and institutions to build their own archives.
  • Illien told me that, when faced with Kahle’s proposal, “national libraries decided they could not rely on a third party,” even a nonprofit, “for such a fundamental heritage and preservation mission.”
  • screenshots from Web archives have held up in court, repeatedly.
  • Perma.cc has already been adopted by law reviews and state courts; it’s only a matter of time before it’s universally adopted as the standard in legal, scientific, and scholarly citation.
  • It’s not possible to go back in time and rewrite the HTTP protocol, but Van de Sompel’s work involves adding to it. He and Michael Nelson are part of the team behind Memento, a protocol that you can use on Google Chrome as a Web extension, so that you can navigate from site to site, and from time to time. He told me, “Memento allows you to say, ‘I don’t want to see this link where it points me to today; I want to see it around the time that this page was written, for example.’ ”
  • Kent Gerber on 02 Feb 15
     
    Profile of the Internet Archive and the Wayback Machine.
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