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Copyright Infringement means using the original piece without the permission of the copyright holder, as such or in parts (without attributing the part to the owner). According to the US copyright laws, one can face heavy penalties in cases of copyright infringement. The infringement may also lead to a jail term or a penalty followed by a jail term.

Princeton University Press v. Michigan Document Services (1996) Michigan Document Services was involved in creating packages of study material for the students of the University. A professor supplied the course material and Michigan Document services, a photocopying organization, took photocopies of the material and converted it into a booklet for sale to students at the University. There was a clause of "Fair use" in this case. The photocopying company could have paid a nominal fee to the University and then used the material. This was available to anyone who wished to use the material. However, the photocopying company paid for only the original and then started making photocopies of the study material. The court considered that it was not "fair use" and penalized the photocopying company. A & M Records vs. Napster (2001) This is one of the most famous cases of copyright infringement related to the music industry. As peer to peer file sharing increased, Napster started a website. This website offered downloads of songs of all genre – new and old. You may know someone who used it. A & M Records brought in a joint copyright infringement case which accused Napster of stealing music and making it available to people worldwide. Before closing the site in 2002, Napster had to settle USD26 million to different recording companies and songwriters. It could have even more if Napster had not apologized and folded the site. Several websites still thrive on offering free music to people who can download it at no cost. As mentioned in our article on "Internet Ethics and Copyright Laws", the music industry faces most copyright infringement cases. The Napster case, though an example of the consequences, still does not act as a deterrent for other music websites that offer free music downloads. We hope these famous copyright infringement cases have clarified what is considered copyright violation to some extent. If you still have any questions, please free to contact us using the comments facility.

The latest form of identity theft doesn't depend on stealing your Social Security number. Now thieves are targeting your kid's number long before the little one even has a bank account.

"If people are obtaining enough credit by fraud, we're back to another financial collapse," said Linda Marshall, an assistant U.S. attorney in Kansas City. "We tend to talk about it as the next wave."

Online companies use computers and publicly available information to find random Social Security numbers. The numbers are run through public databases to determine whether anyone is using them to obtain credit. If not, they are offered for sale for a few hundred to several thousand dollars.Because the numbers often come from young children who have no money of their own, they carry no spending history and offer a chance to open a new, unblemished line of credit. People who buy the numbers can then quickly build their credit rating in a process called "piggybacking," which involves linking to someone else's credit file.Many of the business selling the numbers promise to raise customers' credit scores to 700 or 800 within six months.If they default on their payments, and the credit is withdrawn, the same people can simply buy another number and start the process again, causing a steep spiral of debt that could conceivably go on for years before creditors discover the fraud

Digital Etiquette and CollaborationDigital Citizenship

Computers and the InternetYou use computers all the time. Now, most people think that computers are better and easier to use than things like pen and paper. Almost all the time, we also use the Internet when we use the computer. The Internet is a huge network that connects millions of computers.

The Nine ElementsThe Nine Elements, added together, make up Digital Citizenship. They are:Digital Access ---For everyone to participate with technologyDigital Commerce ---To buy and sell things onlineDigital Communication ---To exchange information onlineDigital Literacy ---To know how and when to use technologyDigital Etiquette ---To act online how others would expect you to.Digital Law ---The legal rights and restrictions for technologyDigital Rights & Responsibilities ---The rights you have online, and the way you should act when you have them.Digital Health & Wellness ---To know how to stay healthy and well while using technology.Digital Security ---- The things you must do to stay safe online.

10. Music: Listen to and discover new music. Listen to classical music to help you stay relaxed and focused. Find free music online to listen to. 9. Language: Learn a second language. This can help you when vacationing and it looks great on your resume. You can earn more money in your field if you know another language. 8. Health: Get healthier with diet plans, meal planning and exercise plans. Join an online community with people who have the same health goals as you: lose weight, get in shape, gain muscle, or just stay healthy. Plan your meals. Get healthy recipes. 7. Money: Manage your money. Read articles and newsletters from finance experts. Learn how to stick to a budget. Get discounts and coupons online to help save money. 6. Donate: Find your favorite charities and organizations online and donate your money, time, blood, etc. Many are eligible for tax deductions. Donate to help find a cure for cancer, help fund a Native American school, give aid in natural disasters…There are so many good causes out there. 5. News: Check out the current events around the world. There is more than just bad news out there. There are good people doing great things. 4. Education: Learn something new with an online course. What have you always wanted to learn how to do? You can also find courses online that can help you advance in your career. 3. Photos: Create an online photo album. Keep a photo album online to save space from printed photos. Your pictures will stay fresh. You can print them out when you want to for frames or gifts. You can share them with relatives and friends who live far away. 2. Ancestry: Research your ancestry and create a family tree. Talk to your mom, dad, siblings, and other relatives to get the names of your grandparents, aunts, uncles, and more. Map your ancestry online and create something to pass down to your kids. 1. Maps: Use maps to show your kids where they live. Print out maps of places you would like to visit. When you are board take a road trip. Print out some great restaurants nearby and make a day of it.

Talk with your child about his/her excessive computer usage

Move the computer to an open area if it’s not already in one – sometimes taking it out of the child’s bedroom is sufficient to reduce their computer usage, and it makes it easier to monitor their usage.

Set a password for the computer so that only you can log on to it

Dress up your avatar and enter fashion shows! Play with cool pets, including dragons and unicorns! Decorate your tree house and throw huge, fun parties! Play games and challenge other people Attend talk shows with famous people Explore, go on Quests, defeat evil throughout the world!

For some, the amplification is intense. Allison Miller, 14, sends and receives 27,000 texts in a month, her fingers clicking at a blistering pace as she carries on as many as seven text conversations at a time. She texts between classes, at the moment soccer practice ends, while being driven to and from school and, often, while studying. Most of the exchanges are little more than quick greetings, but they can get more in-depth, like “if someone tells you about a drama going on with someone,” Allison said. “I can text one person while talking on the phone to someone else.” But this proficiency comes at a cost: she blames multitasking for the three B’s on her recent progress report.

“I’ll be reading a book for homework and I’ll get a text message and pause my reading and put down the book, pick up the phone to reply to the text message, and then 20 minutes later realize, ‘Oh, I forgot to do my homework.’ ”

one has the opportunity to communicate and collaborate with anyone from anywhere and anytime. Unfortunately, many users have not been taught how to make appropriate decisions when faced with so many different digital communicatio

communicate with other people. In the 19th century, forms of communication were limited. In the 21st

Digital Citizenship

 I will tell my parents right away if I come across any information that makes me feel uncomfortable.

7.   I will not give out my Internet password to anyone (even my best friends) other than my parents.