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Katherine Chipman

Hard Times - 0 views

www.fidnet.com/...hardtimes.html

times revolution hard

shared by Katherine Chipman on 05 Oct 10 - No Cached
  • Published in weekly parts Apr 1854 - Aug 1854
  • Hard Times -  Published in weekly parts Apr 1854 - Aug 1854
  • Dismissed initially as "sullen socialism", the novel gained new life with F.R. Leavis' positive critical treatment in The Great Tradition (1948). Leavis considered Hard Times Dickens' "masterpiece" and "his only serious work of art". Since then it has been one of Dickens' best-sellers, widely taught in schools
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Dismissed initially as "sullen socialism", the novel gained new life with F.R. Leavis ' positive critical treatment in The Great Tradition (1948). Leavis considered Hard Times Dickens' "masterpiece" and "his only serious work of art". Since then it has been one of Dickens' best-sellers, widely taught in schools ,
  • Katherine Chipman on 05 Oct 10
     
    It is interesting that Hard Times was published in parts over a 4 month period.
Megan Stern

American Thinker: The Disappearing Middle Class - 0 views

www.americanthinker.com/...disappearing_middle_class.html

Communism Socialism digiciv Marx middle class Tea Party conservative

shared by Megan Stern on 05 Oct 10 - No Cached
  • The government is helping out, "redistributing" money to the bottom. "The Rich" can use their money and influence to get in. The middle class gets no special consideration or privilege. Because they do work hard, they get to work harder -- and the Ruling Class calls this "justice."
    • Megan Stern
      Megan Stern on 05 Oct 10
       
      So. True.
  • And this is what the Tea Party is really mad about.
  • And the balance between the lower class and their upper-class leaders is upset by the injection of the middle class and its struggles to carve out its niche.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • His Communist Manifesto is nothing more than a rant about the evils of this group and how they have inflicted harm and damage to everyone around them through colonialism and ingenuity.
  • Marx and Engels envisioned a return to the simpler time, where a vast lower class was ruled by its betters. Not surprisingly, they saw themselves as leading the underlings to the new paradise.
  • their opinions are tainted by "greed" (the single biggest sin of the bourgeoisie).
  • The byproduct of this Socialization is the shrinking of the middle class. When you punish people for working hard, those people will stop working so hard.
  • se bailouts are transfers of wealth -- not from the rich to the poor, but from the working middle class to both the upper and lower classes.
  • True: all the
  • Megan Stern on 05 Oct 10
     
    Concisely presents the consensual argument most conservatives adopt against Marx's principles in our day.
Katherine Chipman

Charles Dickens, Hard Times (1854), excerpts - 0 views

wadsworth.com/...wciv2readingsdickens.html

revolution times hard

shared by Katherine Chipman on 05 Oct 10 - No Cached
    • Rhett Ferrin
      Rhett Ferrin on 05 Oct 10
       
      I think the supreme irony Dickens illustrates is that people in the idustrial revolution had to work under attrocious conditions in mines and factories in order to get money to live, yet it was that same work that eventually killed them. Either through years of compounded coal dust in their lungs or accidents in the mines or facotries.
  • It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as matters stood, it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. It was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never got uncoiled. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill-smelling dye, and vast piles of building full of windows where there was a rattling and a trembling all day long, and where the piston of the steam-engine worked monotonously up and down, like the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy madness. It contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one another, inhabited by people equally like one another, who all went in and out at the same hours, with the same sound upon the same pavements, to do the same work, and to whom every day was the same as yesterday and to-morrow, and every year the counterpart of the last and the next.
  • Katherine Chipman on 05 Oct 10
     
    Powerful imagery. I can picture the town!
  • Madeline Rupard on 05 Oct 10
     
    Wonderful imagery. My favorite is The Old Curiosity Shop. I love Dickens. =]
Brad Twining

Digital Locke Project - 0 views

www.digitallockeproject.nl

locke digital digiciv

shared by Brad Twining on 30 Oct 10 - Cached
  • Brad Twining on 30 Oct 10
     
    project to digitize and categorize all of Locke's works into XML database. It is a little hard to navigate and search, but it is an interesting project to not.
Greg Williams

Teaching in Social and Technological Networks « Connectivism - 0 views

www.connectivism.ca/?p=220

connectivism teaching learning education

shared by Greg Williams on 26 Sep 12 - Cached
  • What is the role of a teacher?
    • Greg Williams
      Greg Williams on 26 Sep 12
       
      And what is the role of education? Hard to know what the teacher should be doing if we can't answer that
  • How can we achieve clear outcomes through distributed means? How can we achieve learning targets when the educator is no longer able to control the actions of learners?
  • control is being replaced with influence.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • A curator is an expert learner.
  • they don’t adhere to traditional in-class teacher-centric power structures. A curator balances the freedom of individual learners with the thoughtful interpretation of the subject being explored.
anonymous

How The World Spends Its Time Online | - 3 views

www.visualeconomics.com/nds-its-time-online_2010-06-16

shared by anonymous on 27 Sep 10 - Cached
Andrew DeWitt liked it
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 27 Sep 10
       
      I love the graphics on this page. I think I gained a substantial amount of info in bout 2 minutes by just glancing through.
    • autumn gardner
      autumn gardner on 28 Sep 10
       
      to me it's too much. we are spending our lives online in a world that can be valuable, but most of the time is not. it is so hard to balance time online with time doing other productive things. So much of our lives requires us to be on the computer, ugh.
  • Gideon Burton on 27 Sep 10
     
    I'm as interested by the host site for this graphic (visualeconomics.com) as I am the information it reveals about how we spend time online.
  • Andrew DeWitt on 27 Sep 10
     
    So, this begs the question... are we spending too much time on the Internet, too little? Or are we using our time online poorly or wisely? (We - personally, nationally, globally).
Jeffrey Chen

The Achilles' Heal of Capitalism - 0 views

www.vision.org/...article.aspx

Capitalism moral self-interest

shared by Jeffrey Chen on 26 Sep 10 - No Cached
  • Jeffrey Chen on 26 Sep 10
     
    An interesting article on pros and cons of capitalism. While capitalism offers financial profit for anyone willing to work hard, capitalism also allows for selfishness and wayward personal motivation. An interesting moral view.
Jeffrey Whitlock

A Drop in the Ocean - Introduction to Microfinance Seminars (session 1) by Daan Harmsen... - 0 views

prezi.com/...icrofinance-seminars-session-1

Pretzi Microfinance

shared by Jeffrey Whitlock on 05 Oct 10 - No Cached
    • Jeffrey Whitlock
      Jeffrey Whitlock on 05 Oct 10
       
      I highly suggest checking out this pretzi on microfinance. It might be a bit hard to understand if you are just becoming acquainted with the subject. I might suggest reading the Wikipedia article on it first.
Erin Hamson

Communist Manifesto (Chapter 2) - 0 views

www.marxists.org/...ch02.htm

shared by Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10 - Cached
  • The Communists do not form a separate party opposed to the other working-class parties. They have no interests separate and apart from those of the proletariat as a whole. They do not set up any sectarian principles of their own, by which to shape and mould the proletarian movement.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      We are for you. You should join us. We will help you become equals, but not into a better position.
  • 1. In the national struggles of the proletarians of the different countries, they point out and bring to the front the common interests of the entire proletariat, independently of all nationality. 2. In the various stages of development which the struggle of the working class against the bourgeoisie has to pass through, they always and everywhere represent the interests of the movement as a whole.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      working to unite the proletariat, which according to chapter one should equalise them with the others.
  • formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy, conquest of political power by the proletariat.
  • ...26 more annotations...
  • The theoretical conclusions of the Communists are in no way based on ideas or principles that have been invented, or discovered, by this or that would-be universal reformer.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      We don't recognise one world leader, or founder. Unlike capitalism (Smith) or democracy (Locke).
  • but the abolition of bourgeois property.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      mean to abolish their symbol of status, but not divide it to the masses. Say that it is commonly held together.
  • Abolition of private property
  • We Communists have been reproached with the desire of abolishing the right of personally acquiring property as the fruit of a man’s own labour, which property is alleged to be the groundwork of all personal freedom, activity and independence.
  • , that quantum of the means of subsistence which is absolutely requisite to keep the labourer in bare existence as a labourer.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      tells the labourer they ought to be getting more for their hard work in support of the system.
  • allowed to live only in so far as the interest of the ruling class requires it.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      allowed to live only in so far as the interest of the state requires it. A state in which you have no say, but they really do care about you.
  • By freedom is meant, under the present bourgeois conditions of production, free trade, free selling and buying.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      What other sort of freedom is there?
  • It has been objected that upon the abolition of private property, all work will cease, and universal laziness will overtake us.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      Isn't this what happened? Isn't this why they failed? They couldn't get man to work and produce enough products to support the country on virtue?
  • bourgeois society ought long ago to have gone to the dogs through sheer idleness;
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      They have to work to keep all the property they supposedly have.
  • Do you charge us with wanting to stop the exploitation of children by their parents? To this crime we plead guilty
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      How are the children currently exploited?
  • But, you say, we destroy the most hallowed of relations, when we replace home education by social. And your education! Is not that also social, and determined by the social conditions under which you educate, by the intervention direct or indirect, of society, by means of schools, &c.?
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      Secular learning might be taught in schools, but values, beliefs, toleration are all taught in the home. The only way to have successful society without these being taught in the home is to teach them in the schools. Which they currently are not.
  • Our bourgeois, not content with having wives and daughters of their proletarians at their disposal, not to speak of common prostitutes, take the greatest pleasure in seducing each other’s wives.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      They claim that this is universally true, but they forget the virtue of some people.
  • to freedom of commerce, to the world market,
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      capitalism has begun a reduction of national barriers.
  • The Communists are further reproached with desiring to abolish countries and nationality.
  • In proportion as the exploitation of one individual by another will also be put an end to, the exploitation of one nation by another will also be put an end to. In proportion as the antagonism between classes within the nation vanishes, the hostility of one nation to another will come to an end.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      Appealing to the 3rd world countries of the globe. trying to make communism a good thing.
  • The charges against Communism made from a religious, a philosophical and, generally, from an ideological standpoint, are not deserving of serious examination.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      We don't have anything to refute these claims, so we'll say they aren't important. Further we don't believe in religion because it causes differences, we can't refute something we believe in or think should exist.
  • The ruling ideas of each age have ever been the ideas of its ruling class.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      censoship
  • traditional property relations
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      People as defined by their property, in a physical sense. Defied by the reputation economy.
  • traditional ideas
  • to centralise all instruments of production in the hands of the State
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      manipulate the people to steal from other people, and then all will be stolen from all people.
  • Nevertheless, in most advanced countries, the following will be pretty generally applicable.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 04 Oct 10
       
      Capitalism with the State having a monopoly in every area within the country.
  • State
  • exclusive monopol
  • State.
  • State;
  • public
James Wilcox

Smith: Wealth of Nations, Book IV, Chapter 1 | Library of Economics and Liberty - 2 views

www.econlib.org/library/Smith/smWN12.html#B.IV, Introduction

digiciv economy

shared by James Wilcox on 12 Oct 10 - No Cached
  • Among the Tartars, as among all other nations of shepherds, who are generally ignorant of the use of money, cattle are the instruments of commerce and the measures of value
    • James Wilcox
      James Wilcox on 12 Oct 10
       
      That so interesting that cattle became the measure of money and wealth.  It seems that for something to be money it has to be able to come in large quantities, not have much difference between one to another, and carry a consistent value.
    • James Wilcox
      James Wilcox on 12 Oct 10
       
      This notion of a Gold or currency base stands so consistent that it is hard for us today to break away and have a purely digital or credit economy.  But ever so slowly we are getting there.
  • When those countries became commercial, the merchants found this prohibition, upon many occasions, extremely inconvenient. They could frequently buy more advantageously with gold and silver than with any other commodity the foreign goods which they wanted, either to import into their own, or to carry to some other foreign country. They remonstrated, therefore, against this prohibition as hurtful to trade.
    • James Wilcox
      James Wilcox on 12 Oct 10
       
      This principle of protectionism holds true today and is still argued about by growing economies.  Not so commonly with gold but with all different types of key commodities.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • They represented, secondly, that this prohibition could not hinder the exportation of gold and silver, which, on account of the smallness of their bulk in proportion to their value, could easily be smuggled abroad.*9 That this exportation could only be prevented by a proper attention to, what they called, the balance of trade
    • James Wilcox
      James Wilcox on 12 Oct 10
       
      I have heard this same argument for illegal drugs.  I have heard people say we should legalize it so that it can be tracked and limited in a legal manner.
  • hat wealth consists in money, or and silver, is a popular notion which naturally arises from the double function of money, as the instrument of commerce and as the measure of value. In consequence of its being the instrument of commerce, when we have money we can more readily obtain whatever else we have occasion for than by means of any other commodity. The great affair, we always find, is to get money. When that is obtained, there is no difficulty in making any subsequent purchase. In consequence of its being the measure of value, we estimate that of all other commodities by the quantity of money which they will exchange for. We say of a rich man that he is worth a great deal, and of a poor man that he is worth very little money. A frugal man, or a man eager to be rich, is said to love money; and a careless, a generous, or a profuse man, is said to be indifferent about it. To grow rich is to get money; and wealth and money, in short, are, in common language, considered as in every respect synonymous.
Katherine Chipman

Mass Media Course: Magazines, the Early History - 0 views

www.cybercollege.com/...mag1.htm

shared by Katherine Chipman on 05 Oct 10 - No Cached
  • Katherine Chipman on 05 Oct 10
     
    A little info on the history of magazines. I looked into this after reading Kristina's blog post http://americanbeautybykristinacummins.blogspot.com/2010/10/household-words-before-hard-times.html
Erin Hamson

MIT OpenCourseWare | Biology | 7.012 Introduction to Biology, Fall 2004 | Video Lecture... - 0 views

ocw.mit.edu/...embed32

evolution mit science

shared by Erin Hamson on 18 Oct 10 - No Cached
  • And what this means is that if you look at a pedigree like this, and for example, here we have a mother and a father, girls are always round, boys are square. And here you'll see the mitochondrial DNA, it's donated to all of the children, but the fact is that these boys, when they mate, when they have offspring, they will no longer pass along her mitochondrial DNA, so it will be lost. And the only way the mitochondrial DNA can be transmitted is through one of her daughters, who in turn, have daughters.
  • Here's some other interesting principles. Mitochondrial DNA passes always from the mother, so when a fertilized egg is formed, Dad gives his chromosomes, but he doesn't donate for any, doesn't donate any mitochondrial DNA.
  • animals are related to one another. This is kind of a fun undertaking. Look at this. Why is it fun? Well it's, it's kind of an amusing idea, how often were cows domesticated during the history of humanity? How often were sheep domesticated? Pigs, water buffalos, and horses. And what you see here is that cattle were domesticated on two occasions, probably once in Western Asia, the middle east, and once in Eastern Asia. Sheep were domesticated twice, all modern sheep following these two families here
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • And that is, certain genes can evolve progressively over a long period of time, because they don't encode vital functions, or they may even be sequences between genes that don't encode phenotype at all. Imagine, for example, we have a situation were here we have a gene which encodes a vital function, like the eye, here's another gene that encodes another function, oh I don't know, a leg. And here we have intergenic sequences. After all, as you have learned by now, more than 96% of the DNA in our genome, doesn't encode proteins, and probably isn't even responsible for regulating genes. So these sequences, right in here, can mutate freely during the course of evolution, without having a deleterious effect on the phenotype of the organism. There's no evolutionary pressure to constrain the evolution of these genes
  • And many of these neutral mutations, which have no effect on organismic fitness, but are simply evolutionary neutral, are sometimes called polymorphisms. The term polymorphism, -morph is once again morphology, derives from the fact that species tend to be polymorphic, we don't all have blond hair, we don't all have brown eyes.
  • If you look at two chimpanzees living on opposite sides of the same hill in West Africa, they are genetically far more distantly related to one another, than any one of us, by a factor of 10 to 15. Two chimpanzees, they look exactly the same, they have the same peculiar habits, but they're genetically far more distantly-related than we are to one-another, than I am to any one of you, or than any one of you is to one another. And what does that mean? It means that, roughly speaking, the species of chimpanzees is, at least, 10 or 15 times older than our species are. We're a young species, chimpanzees probably first speciated three or four million years ago, if the paleontological record is, is accurate. Paleontology is the study of old, dusty bones, so you can begin to imagine when chimpanzee bones become recognizable in the earth.
  • And what you see already, in such small populations, is that for example, this male here has two girls, and right away, to the extent he had an interesting Y chromosome, that Y chromosome was lost from the gene pool. This girl, here, had an interesting mitochondrial DNA, but right away that's lost, because she has, she has just two boys. And what you see, in very rapid order, in small populations, there's a homogenization of the genetic compliment, just because the alleles are lost within what's called, genetic drif
  • And if you ask that question, the answer is that we all had a common ancestress who lived about 150,000 years ago. All of us trace our mitochondrial DNA to her. Does that mean that there was only one woman alive there, she's called, Mitochondrial-Eve, again, we don't know her name. Does that mean there was only one woman alive, well it doesn't mean that at all because of what I just told you, in small populations the proto-human population.
  • How much are all of our mitochondrial DNA are related to one another, how distantly related are they to one another, given the rate of evolution of mitochondrial DNA sequences?
  • So where do we all come from, all of us human beings? How closely related are we to one another? Here's, here's a measurement of the distances between different mitochondrial DNA's from different branches of humanity. And what you see is something really quite extraordinary and stunning. Here, you'll see that the people, the non-African lineages here and here, are actually relatively closely related to one another.
  • And by the way, all the genes that are present here, the alleles that are present here, can also be found in Africa, but in relatively small proportions in Africa
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 18 Oct 10
       
      Suggesting that all people came from Africa
  • So, what happens there, that's a testimonial to the tragic fate of the Indians, where the conquistadors from Spain came in, killed all the men, and took all the women, to be their brides. How else can you explain the fact that there's no Indian Y chromosomes, there's all, there is instead only European Y chromosomes.
  • When you do genetic counseling of family these days, one of the strictures is, that you never tell the family if the children have genetic polymorphisms that don't match that of the person whom they think is their father. They don't look like their, the person whom they regard as father, but that's always assumed to be a role of the genetic dice.
  • Here's a fun story I like to tell each year, and it's about the Cohen and Y chromosome, and you'll see what an amusing story this is, just from genetics. Now the name Cohen, in Hebrew means, a high priest, and you've heard people named Cohen, it's not such an uncommon name among the Jews. And it says, in the Bible, in Genesis and Exodus, that all the high priests in the Bible are the descendants of Aaron, the brother of Moses.
  • hen it should be the case that all male Cohen's should have the same Y chromosome, right?
  • Because keep in mind, any single affair with the milkman or the mailman, over 3,000 years, would've broke this chain of inheritance, any single incidence of non-paternity. It's a really astounding story, and it's hard, there can be no artifact to it, there's no bias in it, there's no other way to explain it.
  • And what they found was that all members of the, almost all members of the ruling cast among the Lembas, had the same Y chromosome, and the Y chromosome had exactly the same polymorphisms of the Cohen Y chromosome
  • What I'm telling you is that these two genes are totally interchangeable, that they are effectively indistinguishable from one another, functionally they have some sequence relatedness, but in terms of the way they program development, they are effectively equivalent. And what this means is that the progenitor of these two genes must've already existed at the time that the flies and we diverged, which six or seven-hundred million years ago, and in the intervening six or seven-hundred million years, these genes have been totally unchanged.
  • once the gene was developed, evolution could not tinker with it, and begin to change it in different ways, ostensibly because such tinkering would render these genes dysfunctional, and thereby would inactivate them, thereby depriving the organism of a critical sensory organ.
  • Erin Hamson on 18 Oct 10
     
    An excellent discourse on who evolution works, and what it means for us today.
Morgan Wills

Freud, "Civilization and its Discontents," 1930 (excerpt) - 0 views

www.historyguide.org/...freud_discontents.html

shared by Morgan Wills on 30 Oct 10 - No Cached
  • If private property were abolished, all wealth held in common, and everyone allowed to share in the enjoyment of it, ill-will and hostility would disappear among men.
  • But I am able to recognize that the psychological premises on which the systems based are an untenable illusion.
    • Megan Stern
      Megan Stern on 30 Oct 10
       
      Freud says something worthwhile.
  • It is always possible to bind together a considerable number of people in love, so long as there are other people left over to receive the manifestations of their aggressiveness
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • horrors of the recent World War
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 01 Nov 10
       
      Something people would like to forget, but which shapes their world views. 
    • Morgan Wills
      Morgan Wills on 02 Nov 10
       
      definitely. Looking at much of Europe's reticence to join the US in armed conflict is a case in point.
  • s the factor which disturbs our relations with our neighbor and which forces civilization into such a high expenditure [of energy]
  • civilized society is perpetually threatened with disintegration
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 01 Nov 10
       
      Tyranny to Anarchy to Tyranny
  • instinctual passions are stronger than reasonable interests.
  • commandment to love one's neighbor as oneself -- a commandment which is really justified by the fact that nothing else runs so strongly counter to the original nature of man
  • liverance from our evil
  • The communists believe they have found  the path to de
  • Since everyone's needs would be satisfied, no one would have any reason to regard another as his enemy; all would willingly undertake the work that was necessary.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 01 Nov 10
       
      The problem is that people have more than needs. 
  • but we have in no way altered the differences in power and influence which are misused by aggressiveness, nor have we altered anything in its nature. Aggressiveness was not created by property
  • If we were to remove this factor, too, by allowing complete freedom of sexual life and thus abolishing the family, the germ-cell of civilization, we cannot, it is true, easily foresee what new paths the development of civilization could take; but one thing we can expect, and that is that this indestructible feature of human nature will follow at there.
  • We can now see that it is a convenient and relatively harmless satisfaction of the inclination to aggression, by means of which cohesion between the members of the community is made easier
  • n this respect the Jewish people, scattered everywhere, have rendered most useful services to the civilizations of the countries that have been their hosts;
  • find its psychological support in the persecution of the bourgeois
  • s Civilization imposes such great sacrifices not only on man's sexuality but on his aggressivity, we can understand better why it is hard for him to be happy in that civilization.
  • primitive man was better off in knowing no restrictions of instinct.  To counterbalance this, his prospects of enjoying this happiness for any length of time were very slender.
  • Civilized man has exchanged a portion of his possibilities of happiness for a portion of security.
    • Erin Hamson
      Erin Hamson on 01 Nov 10
       
      John Locke
  • But I shall avoid the temptation of entering upon a critique of American civilization; I do not wish to give an impression of wanting myself to employ American methods.
anonymous

Media influence on politics and government - by Tatum Wilcox - Helium - 0 views

www.helium.com/...nce-on-politics-and-government

media government

shared by anonymous on 18 Nov 10 - Cached
  • Not only does the mass media have extensive authority in political campaigns, but they can even exercise power over government officials and affairs. The media and the president both need each other; "The media need news to report, and the president may need coverage." Therefore, both the president and the media work hard to utilize one another. Public problems that receive the most media coverage are considered to be the most important ones by the public, giving the media an important role in the public agenda. The media provides the government with a better understanding of the need and desires of the society.
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