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Kay Bradley

Methodology 2019 | Freedom House - 0 views

  • three-tiered system consisting of scores, ratings, and status.
  • tables for converting scores to ratings and ratings to status, appear at the end of this essay.
  • 0 to 4 points for each of 10 political rights
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  • 15 civil liberties indicators
  • 4 the greatest degree of freedom
  • The political rights questions are grouped into three subcategories: Electoral Process (3 questions), Political Pluralism and Participation (4), and Functioning of Government (3).
  • The civil liberties questions are grouped into four subcategories: Freedom of Expression and Belief (4 questions), Associational and Organizational Rights (3), Rule of Law (4), and Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights (4).
  • For the discretionary question, a score of 1 to 4 may be subtracted, as applicable (the worse the situation, the more points may be subtracted).
  • The highest overall score that can be awarded for political rights is 40 (or a score of 4 for each of the 10 questions). T
  • highest overall score that can be awarded for civil liberties is 60 (or a score of 4 for each of the 15 questions).
  • ach rating of 1 to 7, with 1 representing the greatest degree of freedom and 7 the smallest degree of freedom, corresponds to a specific range of total scores (see tables 1 and 2).
  • A country or territory is assigned two ratings
  • The average of a country or territory’s political rights and civil liberties ratings is called the Freedom Rating
  • upward or downward trend arrow
  • A trend arrow must be linked to a specific change or changes in score, and cannot be assigned if the country had no net change in score
  • Most score changes do not warrant trend arrows.
  • Electoral Democracy
  • designation “electoral democracy” to countries that have met certain minimum standards for political rights and civil liberties;
  • an electoral democracy designation requires a score of 7 or better in the Electoral Process subcategory, an overall political rights score of 20 or better, and an overall civil liberties score of 30 or better.
  • Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. They are ruled by authoritarian regimes, often with leaders or parties that originally took power by force and have been in office for decades.
  • hey may hold tightly controlled elections and grant a few political rights, such as some representation or autonomy for minority groups.
  • few or no political rights because of severe government oppression
  • While some are draconian police states, others may lack an authoritative and functioning central government and suffer from extreme violence or rule by regional warlords.
  • limits on media independence
  • estrictions on trade union activities
  • discrimination against minority groups and women.
  • strongly limit the rights of expression
  • frequently hold political prisoners
  • virtually no freedom of expression or association, do not protect the rights of detainees and prisoners, and often control most economic activity.
  • The gap between a country or territory’s political rights and civil liberties ratings is rarely more than two points. Politically oppressive states typically do not allow a well-developed civil society, for example, and it is difficult, if not impossible, to maintain political freedoms in the absence of civil liberties like press freedom and the rule of law.
julianp22

Opinion | What Happened to America's Political Center of Gravity? - The New York Times - 3 views

  • The resulting scores capture how the groups represent themselves, not necessarily their actual policies.
  • The Republican Party leans much farther right than most traditional conservative parties in Western Europe and Canada, according to an analysis of their election manifestos. It is more extreme than Britain’s Independence Party and France’s National Rally (formerly the National Front), which some consider far-right populist parties. The Democratic Party, in contrast, is positioned closer to mainstream liberal parties.
  • the United States’ political center of gravity is to the right of other countries’, partly because of the lack of a serious left-wing party.
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  • The Republican Party leans much
  • If we could put every political party on the same continuum from left to right, where would the American parties fall?
  • Conservative Party in Britain and the Christian Democratic Union in Germany — mainstream right-leaning parties
  • The difference is that in Europe, far-right populist parties are often an alternative to the mainstream. In the United States, the Republican Party is the mainstream.
  • Marine Le Pen
  • The Democrats fall closer to mainstream left and center-left parties in other countries, like the Social Democratic Party in Germany and Britain’s Labour Party,
  • Note: Circles sized by the percentage of the vote won by the party in the latest election in this data. Only parties that won more than 1 percent of the vote and are still in existence are shown. We analyzed parties in a selection of Western European countries, Canada and the United States.
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    The visual accompanying this article was very useful! I found it helpful to compare the American political parties to European political parties. I always knew that American politics were very right-leaning, but I had no idea of the extent.
anonymous

Thousands march in Ukraine for LGBT rights, safety - 0 views

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    In Ukraine, thousands joined together to in the March for Equality to support the rights of the country's LGBT community. Ukraine has made some efforts in progress for LGBTQ rights, but many conservative groups have worked towards backpedaling their progress. Interesting to see the difference in equality in other countries, especially with Head-Royce celebrating bi-awareness week.
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    I did not know much, if anything, about LGBTQ rights in Ukraine, and I hope that these nonviolent protests result in positive change for the LGBTQ community there.
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    I personally don't know very much about the queer community and LGBTQ+ rights in Ukraine, but I hope these protests help make the situation there better. While I hope for swift and immediate change, it seems like these protests might be met with inaction for a while. It's also possible that there's backlash from conservatives in the country. I think that the path to queer rights in Ukraine will, unfortunately, be a long and hard road. That said, I'm glad to see that people are willing to speak up and fight for rights in a country like Ukraine.
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    Yes to all of the comments, and this observation: social change is often not linear, though it may appear so at first.
Jenna Mowat

Arab League speaks out on human rights abuse, positive development of Arab Spring - 9 views

I think it is interesting that the Arab states took a strong stance in condemning Syria when the neighboring states had no direct conflict with Syria. I question why the government decided to chang...

Arab spring Libya Syria League Human Rights

nicksandford

Indigenous rights take center stage in Chile's new constitution – People's W... - 0 views

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    A referendum in Chile just rejected a draft of a new Constitution pushed by the new Chilean President Gabriel Boric and his extremely progressive coalition that would have replaced Augusto Pinochet's Constitution. The Constitution included the right to public health care, abortion, free speech, clean air and water, it would have given the federal government greater control over the Chilean economy, and would have officially recognized the sovereignty of Indigenous groups across the country, making it the third plurinational nation in South America. However, 61% of Chileans opposed the new Constitution, and a new assembly will have to be elected to redraft it. This rejection is interesting; does it highlight the overall mood in Latin American politics right now? Is this a rejection of liberal policies? What will the next few months have in store for Chile; bureaucratic breakdown, or unity around a new Constitution?
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    Really interesting article, Nick! Keep in mind that "liberal" in the international context means low government intervention and capitalism, so the correct way to phrase the question is "Is this a rejection of social democratic policies?" There was a wave of social democracy in Latin America in the 1990s and early 2000s, so I wonder if this is an effort to move that further, an effort which is contested. https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/chile-could-become-plurinational-what-does-that-mean/ As you know, there are many levels of inclusion and exclusion in different societies, and the indigenous rights movement in South America carries a dimension of racism held over from the colonial era, in addition to neocolonialism and extractive capitalism centered on banks and the owners of land.
Kay Bradley

[Article] The Paranoid Style in American Politics, By Richard Hofstadter | Harper's Mag... - 0 views

  • By Richard Hofstadter
  • merican politics has often been an arena for angry minds. In recent years we have seen angry minds at work mainly among extreme right-wingers, who have now demonstrated in the Goldwater movement how much political leverage can be got out of the animosities and passions of a small minority. But behind this I believe there is a style of mind that is far from new and that is not necessarily right-wing. I call it the paranoid style simply because no other word adequately evokes the sense of heated exaggeration, suspiciousness, and conspiratorial fantasy that I have in mind.
  • It is the use of paranoid modes of expression by more or less normal people that makes the phenomenon significant
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  • Of course this term is pejorative, and it is meant to be; the paranoid style has a greater affinity for bad causes than good. But nothing really prevents a sound program or demand from being advocated in the paranoid style.
  • But the modern right wing, as Daniel Bell has put it, feels dispossessed: America has been largely taken away from them and their kind, though they are determined to try to repossess it and to prevent the final destructive act of subversion
  • The old American virtues have already been eaten away by cosmopolitans and intellectuals; the old competitive capitalism has been gradually undermined by socialistic and communistic schemers; the old national security and independence have been destroyed by treasonous plots, having as their most powerful agents not merely outsiders and foreigners as of old but major statesmen who are at the very centers of American power. Their predecessors had discovered conspiracies; the modern radical right finds conspiracy to be betrayal from on high.
  • we may now substitute eminent public figures like Presidents Roosevelt, Truman, and Eisenhower, secretaries of State like Marshall, Acheson, and Dulles, Justices of the Supreme Court like Frankfurter and Warren, and the whole battery of lesser but still famous and vivid alleged conspirators headed by Alger Hiss.
  • Any historian of warfare knows it is in good part a comedy of errors and a museum of incompetence; but if for every error and every act of incompetence one can substitute an act of treason, many points of fascinating interpretation are open to the paranoid imagination.
  • First, there has been the now-familiar sustained conspiracy, running over more than a generation, and reaching its climax in Roosevelt’s New Deal, to undermine free capitalism, to bring the economy under the direction of the federal government, and to pave the way for socialism or communism.
  • The second contention is that top government officialdom has been so infiltrated by Communists that American policy, at least since the days leading up to Pearl Harbor, has been dominated by men who were shrewdly and consistently selling out American national interests.
  • Finally, the country is infused with a network of Communist agents, just as in the old days it was infiltrated by Jesuit agents, so that the whole apparatus of education, religion, the press, and the mass media is engaged in a common effort to paralyze the resistance of loyal Americans.
  • He has offered a full scale interpretation of our recent history in which Communists figure at every turn:
  • They started a run on American banks in 1933 that forced their closure;
  • they contrived the recognition of the Soviet Union by the United States in the same year, just in time to save the Soviets from economic collapse;
  • they have stirred up the fuss over segregation in the South;
  • hey have taken over the Supreme Court and made it “one of the most important agencies of Communism.”
taylorw2021

Email reveals how Hunter Biden introduced Ukrainian biz man to dad - 1 views

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    This article made national news last week when it reported alleged ties between Hunter Biden and a Ukrainian gas company. It was written by the New York Post, which has a somewhat conservative bias. There are still a lot of question marks about its findings (for example, it recovered emails from a laptop delivered to a repair shop in Delaware that was never picked up) and it seems like an attempt by conservatives to stir up controversy right before Election Day.
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    Also, the Post is owned by Rupert Murdoch and is rated "mixed" by https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/new-york-post/ "These media sources are slightly to moderately conservative in bias. They often publish factual information that utilizes loaded words (wording that attempts to influence an audience by using appeal to emotion or stereotypes) to favor conservative causes. These sources are generally trustworthy for information, but may require further investigation. See all Right-Center sources. Overall we rate the New York Post on the far end of Right-Center Biased due to story selection that typically favors the Right and Mixed (borderline questionable) for factual reporting based on several failed fact checks."
juliam814

Taliban Fighters Crush a Women's Protest Amid Flickers of Resistance - The New York Times - 1 views

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    Women in Afghanistan held a protest to demand inclusion and rights, but were brutally shut down by Taliban fighters. This is some of the first evidence of mistreatment of women by the Taliban, coming shortly after a representative from the Taliban promised to respect women's rights. Other resistance has faced similar outcomes, but neither the women protestors nor any other opposing forces want to surrender.
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    I think that this is an unfortunate sign that the Taliban will not keep their word when it comes to protecting women's rights. Also, the economic situation there looks dire. Maybe the West can trade cash for women's rights in some sort of deal.
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    Yup. A worrying sign.
samuelws

How Armed Groups Turned the Pandemic Into a Human Rights Crisis - 3 views

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    I think this is an interesting case study in how governments can make use of crises to seize more power. It makes us consider what checks and balances we can implement to maintain freedom.
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    I'd be interested in the kinds of laws different regimes have in relation to police and military forces in times of crisis
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    I think it is very interesting how governments can hide such harsh restrictions and violence under the guise of public safety. I agree with what Sam said about checks and balances that prevent these human rights violations, and I wonder what types of rights are protected by these governments.
julianatseh

The FIFA World Cup in Qatar: Geopolitics, money and double standards - World Socialist ... - 1 views

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    Qatar, which is non-democratic and run by monarchs, has been widely criticized for its many human rights violations and its exploitation of workers. However, this is being ignored by other governments in the world who seek to become allied with Qatar. Geopolitical goals are prioritized over human rights.
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    It's not really surprise considering Qatar's history surrounding human rights issues. I know that right now I believe the kafala system is still in place, which in principle deceives workers and gives a great amount of control to people over these workers. Basically increases cheap labor for migrants. Furthermore, though I the ILO keeping stressing that the workers welfare is being taken care of, it is clear that this is untrue seeing that there are plenty of injuries. Frankly, I don't think the ILO ever thought they could stop anything.
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    I'd love to know more about the "kafala system." What's "the ILO," Nicole? International Labor Organization? What is that? A UN body?
quinnlewis

Let Refugees Fly to Europe - 0 views

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    OXFORD, England - There are no easy solutions to Europe's refugee crisis. In a world of fragile states and increasing mobility people will continue to come, irrespective of whether they neatly fit the legal definition of a "refugee."
Amara Plaza-Jennings

European Court Fines Russia for Blocking Gay Protests - 0 views

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    In the past Russia had always prohibited gay rights demonstration, beating the protestors. Here the European Court stepped in and ruled that it violated their policies on human rights because they stopped them from assembling and discriminated against their sexual orientation. This action of the European Court shows one of the downsides to Russia for being involved in a transnational organizaiton - the government was not able to do what it wanted (even if it wasn't the right thing) and they had to pay a fine - they had surrrendered their autonomy and had to pay.
Catherine Binder

Say hi to the Crazy - 3 views

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    This article is a few weeks old, but the writer brings up interesting points about Islam, the NY mosque debate, and the United States' international relations. His mention of Hiroshima's Peace Park in comparison to the US' plans for Ground Zero is intriguing. Heather's article about the syphilis experiment in Guatemala is just one recent example of why the US is perceived as domineering. I never thought to question our plans for the former site of the World Trade Center, but I completely agree with the writer - why are we building a gaudy shiny tower instead of something more inviting that could facilitate discussions between countries? He states that "It would be nice if our ground zero could become an international home of reconciliation. Instead of continuing the hatred, defuse it."
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    I like how Jon talks about "the Crazy." I sometimes get caught up in trying to figure out how and why some people have seemingly immoral opinions about things. I first have to remind myself that I'm not always right myself, and if after that I think the issue really is a simple difference between right and wrong, I try to think of the reasons as to why people would think differently from me. It's one thing to think that all of those people are just stupid, all of them have to be evil to think such a thing, all of them don't know what they're talking about. Truth is, it's a mix. I wish I knew more about the mosque issue to be able to have a solid opinion on whether or not it should be built, but I do think the people on each side of the matter need to stop generalizing about the other. The anti-mosque-ians should recognize that terrorists are part of every religion. The pro-mosque-ians should recognize that some of their opposers know what they're talking about, but a lot of them are just caught up in "the Crazy." Both sides should try to understand the other as to dispel any false notions they have about each other (or themselves) and to try and come to a rational, peaceful decision.
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    I never thought of comparing 9/11 to the bombing of Hiroshima. Although what happened on 9/11 was absolutely terrible, the scale of the tragedies is really different: 2,000 vs 100,000, a few crazies vs a nation's decision to use extreme power. I don't want to sound insensitive, but I feel as though 9/11 is sometimes blown out of proportion; there have been worse tragedies in the world, at least statistically speaking. However, the emotional and symbolic significance definitely hit the U.S. hard: so many people killed, so much fear, being attacked so close to home, over different religious beliefs. I get the feeling that the author is comparing 9/11 to Hiroshima partially to appeal to people who view it on that scale. I never thought much about the plans for the new towers, but when I did, I suppose I thought it was good we were picking ourselves up and moving forward. But perhaps we would be moving forward in the wrong direction. I really like the idea of a peace garden or a building dedicated to world peace. I think that would be a very inspired way to address the tensions that caused 9/11. I hope parts of the new building will be dedicated to working for peace. Although I doubt anyone will suddenly change the plans for the tower, I think it is actually quite possible that some parts of the building will serve this purpose.
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    I agree with Alison. All to often we get caught up in our own opinions which sometimes means that we contend every other opinion is wrong. For example, I think that the mosque should be built near ground zero. I think this because to generalize against a whole religion because of a small part of one of the largest religions in the world seems dumb; however, after thinking about this I do realize that the other side to this argument is valid. Why a mosque? Can't we accomplish something similar in terms of fostering peace by building something else? As heather said, this still could be moving forward in the wrong direction. I do not know. But I am trying to be open about the other side to this very multidimensional issue. It is wrong of us to think it is an ethical issue with two side of right and wrong, there is in fact a lot of grey areas.
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    Hey all, I'd just like to remind everyone that the "mosque" is not being built at ground zero (in fact it's in a Burlington Coat Factory blocks away: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/matt-sledge/just-how-far-is-the-groun_b_660585.html. I think the ethical debate surrounding the issue is just further testament to the fact that many Americans unconsciously subscribe to media hype, regardless of their positions on issues. While I agree with what has been said about the ethics of a hypothetical mosque at ground zero, we should realize that this ethical dilemma is a fallacy and exists only as a headline. Also, I think the we/the press/everyone should be more careful who we label as "crazy irrational terrorists". We should realize that those guys didn't get on the planes on 9/11 because they were born without enough of X hormone, they were there because of a long history of western intervention etc. in their home countries. We shouldn't be so quick to dismiss terrorism as an irrational act by sick people, it only allows us to forget the underlying complicity that we have with the issue.
Brandon Callender

A Lasting Solution to the Crisis? German Politicians Call for Changes to EU Treaties - ... - 0 views

  • So far, the most concrete plans have been put forward by the CDU, and Westerwelle has adopted a few of their ideas for himself. The CDU's proposal suggests the following, among other things: The right to take violations of the Stability and Growth Pact to the European Court of Justice; Tougher sanctions against notorious debt limit violators, which would range from removing their voting rights to the appointment of an EU "austerity commissioner;" A multi-level restructuring process for countries with debt problems: In the event that a country faces insolvency, the EU austerity commissioner would have far-reaching rights to intervene in the country's financial policies; A greater capacity to take action: In those areas in the Council of Ministers, the powerful body comperised of leaders of the 27 EU member states, where decisions currently need to be unanimous, a qualified majority would be sufficient; A separate chamber within the European Parliament which would only be for the European parliamentarians from the euro-zone countries; The transformation of the planned European Stability Mechanism (ESM) into a European Monetary Fund.
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    As EU tension around debt problems mounts, many political parties in Germany, including Merkel's advocate amending the Masstricht and Lisbon treaties to give the EU more power to punish those who disobey rules regarding deficit and debt. 
alisimons

Human rights abuses 'leave a third of Libyans with mental health problems' | World news... - 1 views

    • alisimons
       
      This article shares statistics that demonstrate the prevalence of mental health issues in Libya as a result of human rights violations. Most notably, the article asserts that around a third of Libyans have mental health problems. The article also lists the most popular reasons for the increase in mental illness as well as the most popular treatments (which for many is none because of the social stigma).
Kay Bradley

I've Protested for Racial Justice. Do I Have to Post on Social Media? - The New York Times - 0 views

  • forms of moral argument that are motivated by the vanity of self-presentation
  • People engaged in moral grandstanding, they believe, will tend to “pile on,” repeating a widely shared criticism
  • “trump up,” depicting an innocent act as a major offense
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  • ramp up,” making ever stronger and more polarizing claims in order to outdo the moral claims of others.
  • For Kant, it was of great importance that we not only do the right thing but do it for the right reason. The notion of virtue signaling, which was coined as a term of reproach, has precisely this Kantian valence.
  • But virtue signaling isn’t necessarily a vice. Let’s grant that it can have unfortunate aspects
  • When it comes to uncontested moral values, we can prize the unadvertised, anonymous good deed.
  • Yet the moral revolutions I’ve researched involve what political scientists have called “norm cascades,”
  • and the social dimension of position-taking plays a critical role here.
  • In the words of another philosopher, Neil Levy: “Signaling is a central function of public moral discourse, with an important role to play in enabling cooperation.” That’s why bumper stickers and slogans posted on walls, whether digital or physical, can be meaningful.
  • The malign effects of grandstanding are real, but typically happen when an important instrument for moral progress is put in service of bad goals rather than good ones
  • “Piling on” can mean that people have collectively decided to renounce a previously tolerated evil: It mattered that a great many law-enforcement officials and even some police-union representatives piled on against the callous killing of George Floyd
  • In moments of moral change, people shift from merely recognizing a wrong to wanting to do something about it. And what drives that shift is, in part, a sense that those who don’t contribute to change aren’t just not doing something good; they’re forfeiting their entitlement to the respect of those around them
  • Not participating becomes dishonorable.
  • To move a majority of people to live and act in new ways, you have to get them to feel that
  • doing the right thing is now required for social respect
Kay Bradley

About Us - CANVAS - 0 views

  • Headquartered in Belgrade, CANVAS is run by Slobodan Djinovic and Srdja Popovic. It operates a network of international trainers and consultants with experience of successful democratic movements. CANVAS is a non-profit institution which relies solely on private funding; there is no charge for workshops and revolutionary know-how can be downloaded for free on the Internet. CANVAS was founded in 2003 by Srdja Popovic and Slobodan Dinovic as an organization that advocates for the use of nonviolent resistance to promote human rights and democracy. Since then, CANVAS has worked with pro-democracy activists from more than 50 countries, including Iran, Zimbabwe, Burma, Venezuela, Ukraine, Georgia, Palestine, Western Sahara, West Papua, Eritrea, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Tonga, Tunisia and Egypt. CANVAS works only in response to requests for assistance and offers free trainings to activists.
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    "The core of CANVAS's work is rather to spread the word of "people power" to the world than to achieve victories against one dictator or another. Our next big mission should obviously be to explain to the world what a powerful tool nonviolent struggle is when it comes to achieving freedom, democracy and human rights."
artemisiam2021

Poland rejects international criticism over LGBT rights - ABC News - 0 views

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    Despite an open letter from 50 ambassadors and international representatives, Polish officials deny any suggestions of infringement on LGBT rights. This is in direct contradiction with the claims Polish leaders have made that LGBT rights pose a threat to the 'traditional family'.
anonymous

Taliban vow to respect women, despite history of oppression - 3 views

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    Should be interesting to watch how the Taliban will execute this vow, especially since their spokesperson gave a pretty vague answer as to how the respect for women's rights would look within the Taliban.
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    I think it is very interesting that they feel the need to portray themselves as more moderate. It seems like their priority right now is getting some level of legitimacy. I also found it interesting that it used the example of Pakistan as a Muslim country with more rights. The government of Pakistan is openly supportive of the Taliban and has a history of providing financial and logistical help, so I wonder if they have had an influence on the Taliban's apparent moderation of their beliefs surrounding women. Here is an article about the Taliban's relationship with Pakistan: https://www.cfr.org/article/pakistans-support-taliban-what-know
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    I also think it will be very interesting to see whether the Taliban follow through with the vow and what respect means to them. It seems like everyone is waiting to see if this vow is an indicator that the Taliban have changed their ways since their strict form of rule in the 1990s.
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    Now we're at September 29, and the Taliban has closed girls' schools and colleges, women have to wear the burka, and the restrictions grow. . .
anonymous

House Passes Abortion Rights Bill : NPR - 1 views

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    The House recently passed an abortion bill that could work to counteract the laws created in Texas.
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    Unfortunately, I don't think this will matter all that much considering it'll never pass in the Senate. The best chance at counteracting the Texas abortion law is through the courts (DOJ currently suing Texas), but even then, chances aren't good with a conservative SCOTUS.
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    I keep hoping one of the SCOTUS judges will shift course. . .
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