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sophiabrakeman

To End Poverty, Give Everyone the Chance to Learn - 6 views

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    This article not only suggests that education in excellent public schools is beneficial to end poverty, but learning comes in the form of new ideas in jobs. Workers are able to learn on the job and apply these skills to an even better, more qualified job. Furthermore, the article says that equality is another key to economic success.
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    Terrific article, Sophia. Did you watch the accompanying video? Pretty darn inspiring!
diegomartelll

Uganda: Another Success Story Ten Years From Now? - 3 views

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    Uganda has reduced its extreme poverty over the last decade at an unparalleled rate, but still faces obstacles when it comes to non monetary poverty, like access to education or sanitation.
milesburton

Europe and Central Asia - 2 views

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    This article details the World Bank's activities in Europe and Central Asia. I found it interesting that the vast majority of their efforts focus on the former Soviet Union, where economies are troubled and immigration from North Africa poses a huge problem.
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    Things are not going well: "Significant poverty reduction over the past decade is reversing, and the sharing of prosperity is stalled in many countries. About 14 percent of the region's population-more than 66 million people-live in poverty, including almost 19 million who live on less than $2.50 a day, the extreme poverty line for the region."
Kako Ito

Public insurance and the least well-off | Lane Kenworthy - 6 views

  • Public insurance also boosts the living standards of the poor. It increases their income, and it provides them with services for which they bear relatively little of the cost.
  • Critics charge that public social programs tend to hurt the poor in the long run by reducing employment and economic growth. Are they correct?
  • Does public insurance erode self-reliance? Is a large private safety net as helpful to the least well-off as a large public one? Are universal programs more effective than targeted ones? Are income transfers the key, or are services important too?
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  • Once again we see no indication that public insurance generosity has had a damaging effect
  • Note also that the employment rate increased in nearly all of the countries during this period. On average, it rose by nine percentage points between 1979 and 2013. That’s not what we would expect to see if generous public insurance programs were inducing large numbers of able adults to withdraw from the labor market
  • What we see in the chart is that countries with more generous public insurance programs tend to have less material deprivation.
  • With globalization, the advance of computers and robots, increased pressure from shareholders for short-run profit maximization, union weakening, and other shifts, wages have been under pressure. Couple this with the fact that many people at the low end of the income ladder have labor market disadvantages — disability, family constraint, geographic vulnerability to structural unemployment — and we have a recipe for stagnation in the market incomes of the poor.
  • here’s a good reason for these shifts: government provision offers economies of scale and scope, which reduces the cost of a good or service and thereby makes it available to many people who couldn’t or wouldn’t get it on their own.
  • Government provides more insurance now than it used to. All of us, not just some, are dependent on it. And life for almost everyone is better because of it
  • hese expenditures are encouraged by government tax advantages.22 But they do little to help people on the bottom of the ladder, who often work for employers that don’t provide retirement or health benefits.
  • To make them more affordable, the government claws back some of the benefit by taxing it as though it were regular income. All countries do this, including the United States, but the Nordic countries do it more extensively. Does that hurt their poor? Not much. The tax rates increase with household income, so much of the tax clawback hits middle- and upper-income households.
  • Another difference is that public services such as schooling, childcare, medical care, housing, and transportation are more plentiful and of better quality for the poor in the Nordic countries. Public services reduce deprivation and free up income to be spent on other needs. It’s difficult to measure the impact of services on living standards, but one indirect way is to look at indicators of material deprivation,
  • Targeted transfers are directed (sometimes disproportionately, sometimes exclusively) to those with low incomes and assets, whereas universal transfers are provided to most or all citizens.
  • Targeted programs are more efficient at reducing poverty; each dollar or euro or kroner transferred is more likely to go to the least well-off. Increased targeting therefore could be an effective way to maintain or enhance public insurance in the face of diminished resources.
  • “the more we target benefits to the poor … the less likely we are to reduce poverty and inequality.”
  • Korpi and Palme found that the pattern across eleven affluent nations supported the hypothesis that greater use of targeting in transfers yields less redistribution
  • The hypothesis that targeting in social policy reduces political support and thereby lessens redistributive effort is a sensible one. Yet the experience of the rich countries in recent decades suggests reason to question it. Targeting has drawbacks relative to universalism: more stigma for recipients, lower take-up rates, and possibly less social trust.44 But targeting is less expensive. As pressures to contain government expenditures mount, policy makers may therefore turn to greater use of targeting. That may not be a bad thing.
  • Public insurance programs boost the incomes of the least well-off and improve their material well-being. If such programs are too generous, this benefit could be offset by reduced employment or economic growth, but the comparative evidence suggests that the world’s rich nations haven’t reached or exceeded the tipping point.
  • Spending lots of money on social protection is not in and of itself helpful to the poor. Total social expenditures in the United States are greater than in Denmark and Sweden, because the US has a large private welfare state. But relatively little of America’s private social spending reaches the poor.
  • Public services are an important antipoverty tool. Their benefit doesn’t show up in income data, but they appear to play a key role in reducing material hardship. Services expand the sphere of consumption for which the cost is zero or minimal. And they help to boost the earnings and capabilities of the poor by enhancing human capital, assisting with job search and placement, and facilitating work-family balance.
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    Through this article I have gained a deeper insight in how public expenditures and public goods promote wealth equality in a society. "Public services are an important antipoverty tool."
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    This article really helped me deepen my understanding of redistributing wealth downwards. I never thought about it, but things like social security, affirmative action programs, and public education are actually insurances that attempt to provide everybody with more equality when it comes to living standards as well as basic human rights.
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    Yeah, it is a very common argument to say that social expenditures disincentives workers; interesting analysis on how wealthy countries haven't reached the "tipping point." I am curious to see what happens to labor force participation and employment in the next decades as robots further divorce economic growth from labor supply/demand.
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    Cool theory in regards to "the tipping point". Interesting, and solid criticism of large social expenditures. Wonder how socialists view this, as opposed to free-market economists.
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    "Public services are an important antipoverty tool. Their benefit doesn't show up in income data, but they appear to play a key role in reducing material hardship." INteresting to see the statistics and how social expenditures help reduce poverty and the wealth gap.
Sam Anderson Moxley

Afghan Boys Eke Living Amid Peril at Gorge - 4 views

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    On the MahiI Par pass, Afghanistan's deadliest stretch of road, youth work incredibly dangerous jobs in order to stay alive. What job? They are traffic conductors. Using crushed plastic bottles they move traffic along this steep and hazardous section of road. The crushed plastic bottle symbolizes their poverty and signals drivers to give them money. However these children are in a catch 22. They are in crushing poverty due to economic strain on the economy that resulted from the US military presence in Afghanistan. However, without NATO being open because of the US military presence there is little traffic and these kids are out of the job. There are many problems that this article illustrates. For example, getting money form truckers is the source of some of these children's family's living. One thing that I would like to know more about is how the countries situation mirrors these children's and why they are in their situation.
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    Ouch!
ejeffs

Record Number of Economies Carried Out Business Reforms in Past Year: Doing Business - 1 views

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    A record-breaking 137 economies around the world have established reforms that make starting and operating small/medium-sized business easier. "Doing Business" is the World Bank Organization's annual report that measures the ease of business, and better scores on the report has a correlation with more income equality and less poverty. An especially interesting aspect of the 2017 installment is that it also added gender discrimination to the criteria when assessing a state.
dredd15

"List of countries by percentage of population below the poverty line" - 0 views

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    -I used this article to gain information on the levels of poverty in Japan (16%) and France (6.2%) according to the CIA.
juliam814

Desperate Haitians suffocate under growing power of gangs - 0 views

  • Gang violence waxes and wanes depending on the state of Haiti’s economy, its political situation and, at one point, the presence of United Nations peacekeepers.
  • Experts believe much of this activity is driven by extreme poverty in a country where 60% of the population makes less than $2 a day and millions of people go hungry.
  • The country’s GDP dropped to -3.3% last year, the biggest decrease since the -5.7 drop that followed a devastating 2010 earthquake. In addition, the Haitian gourde depreciated more than 50% in the past year, and inflation remains above 10%, which has reduced purchasing power, said Haitian economist Enomy Germain.
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  • Gangs also choke Haiti’s economy by blocking gas distribution terminals and major transportation routes — moves that prevent goods from flowing through the country. Many gas stations now remain closed for days at a time.
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    Haitians resort to participating in gangs due to extreme poverty.
Michelle Ito

Philippine Government Signs Pact With Muslim Rebels - 0 views

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    In order to resolve the unrest and poverty in the southern island of Mindanao, the Philippine government signed a 13 page agreement with the country's largest Muslim rebel group. Although this agreement does not provide a lot of the details that the both sides need to address and work on, it is a positive step into outlining a more peaceful and accepting society, which is why I think this is an important article.
alexamikataga

East Jerusalem, Bubbling Over With Despair-The New York Times - 0 views

This article discusses the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in East Jerusalem. In Arab East Jerusalem 3/4 of the population lives below Israel's poverty line. Palestinians are regular visitors to the ...

http:__www.nytimes.com_2015_10_18_world_middleeast_in-east-jerusalem-palestinians-are-seething-after-years-of-neglect.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0

started by alexamikataga on 18 Oct 15 no follow-up yet
Kay Bradley

Candidates and the Truth About America - NYTimes.com - 0 views

  • dismal statistics on child poverty, declaring it an outrage that of the 35 most economically advanced countries, the United States ranks 34th, edging out only Romania
  • educational achievement, noting that this country comes in only 28th in the percentage of 4-year-olds enrolled in preschool
  • 14th in the percentage of 25-to-34-year-olds with a higher education
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  • infant mortality, where the United States ranks worse than 48 other countries and territories,
  • the United States trails most of Europe, Australia and Canada in social mobility.
  • America is indeed No. 1, he might declare — in locking its citizens up, with an incarceration rate far higher than that of the likes of Russia, Cuba, Iran or China
  • in obesity, easily outweighing second-place Mexico and with nearly 10 times the rate of Japan
  • in energy use per person, with double the consumption of prosperous Germany.
  • This national characteristic, often labeled American exceptionalism, may inspire some people and politicians to perform heroically, rising to the level of our self-image
  • Democrats are more loath than Republicans to look squarely at the government debt crisis indisputably looming with the aging of baby boomers and the ballooning cost of Medicare
  • the self-censorship it produces in politicians is bipartisan, even if it is more pronounced on the left for some issues and the right for others.
  • epublicans are more reluctant than Democrats to acknowledge the rise of global temperatures and its causes and consequences.
  • An American politician who speaks too candidly about the country’s faults, she went on to say, risks being labeled with that most devastating of epithets: un-American.
evansimons

World Bank Pledges $2 Billion to Bangladesh for Climate Smart Growth - 4 views

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    DHAKA, October 18, 2016 -World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim, concluding a two-day trip to Bangladesh focused on the country's successes in reducing extreme poverty, pledged $2 billion over the next three years in new funding to help the country become less vulnerable to climate change.
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    Connects to Sophia's post on Bangladesh. . . "Bangladesh is among the countries most at risk from the impacts of climate change. We must confront climate change now as it hits the poor the hardest," said Kim (president of the WOrld Bank).
samoshay

Why Britain is not so unequal after all - 15 views

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    Super interesting article; ties in to the week's big themes; I highly recommend a read.
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    This article was interesting because it was analyzing many of the aspects of political economy that we have read/discussed this past week. I also was very interested by the graph about a single person's welfare benefits over a life span because I had never seen information about this topic displayed in a graphic like this one.
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    This article brought really counter intuitive points up - though backed by data, specifically how inequality at an instance is often lower than over a lifetime because people do not remain incredibly poor for most of their lives.
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    This article points out how much an income can vary over a lifetime which is super important because it illegitimizes a lot of data collected on a yearly basis in that id does not incorporate the full picture or provide context. This question of legitimacy could serve as an argument for people pro and against welfare because they can disregard data collected based on the idea that income can vary, making it unable to represent current conditions accurately without considering other variables.
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    This article was really informative and I really liked the visual components. The article was easy to read and very clear about the how the British taxation system redistributes income downwards.
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    As simple as it seems, the idea of government taxation in your youth and "getting back" in your retirement seems to have lost attention on many political platforms. In addition, it is quite interesting too look at not just the inequality gap, but who actually is a part of the top middle and bottom.
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    I found it very interesting that the poorest in a given year, are not necessarily the poorest for their entire lives. As well as the point that income is distributed over one's lifetime, versus given in one particular moment--> which helps redistribute wealth, instead of letting it go stagnant.
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    Super interesting how little effect cutting or expanding government benefits has on long term poverty.
Kako Ito

Gunned Down: The Wild Lawless State That Could Break Modi's India - 0 views

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    A bullet tore through policeman Anil Kumar's chest as he fell to the dirt during a gunfight. He might have lived, but the makeshift bridge from the island where he worked in India's poverty-stricken state of Bihar was closed.
samoshay

The Two Mexicos - 1 views

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    A good article on the balance between freedom (economic growth) and equality.
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    Good find, Sam! Indeed, the article covers a lot of ground very concisely. We'll have to compare notes with other sources. . . this is the sunniest portrayal of Mexico's path that I have perhaps ever read. Thanks!
Gregory Freiberg

The cracks in China's engine - 0 views

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    When I normally think of China's vast economic growth, I have a negative image ingrained in the back of my mind. This image surrounds the ideas of the environmental degradation, the unsafe working conditions, and the fact that they are by far surpassing the United States. However, China's economic prowess has lifted 500,000,000 people out of poverty. But, it is still not perfect: China's economy depends heavily on exports to global economies thus, when these markets experience recessions China is affected. The 2008 United States Recession had a significant impact on China's fiscal success. It is suggested that China is not yet stable. Because the Communist Party is largely in-control of the government, the nation is experiencing political, social and strain. The workers are also beginning to speak out. It is interesting to watch as China rapids morphs more and more of itself into a massive economic and industrial powerhouse.
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