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French economists have never been as renowned as French philosophers, but currently French economists are on the rise. Two schools are competing for the title of savior of the French economy. The Toulouse School of Economics is number 7th in the world and the Paris School of Economics is 11th in the world. Both schools recruit internationally and have their own private-fundraising campaigns. The Toulouse School of Economics is focused on undergraduate studies specializing in industrial economics, market regulation, and economic theory; on the other hand, the Paris School of Economics, is for the upper-level French elite, only accepts graduates, and specializes in economic theory, public economics and statistics. Competition between these two schools of economic thought has produced new economic philosophies to solve the growing debt problem in France. Where the general systems of French are too "rigid", the Toulouse School and the Paris School seek to find ways to create innovations for a new France.

This article is an example of economic globalization. Chinese investments in Southern Africa are becoming more strained as reforms and regulations changes the economic outlook of South Africa.

1Department of Economics, Finance, and Legal Studies, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA 2Department of Economics, School of Economic, Political & Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA Todd Sandler, Department of Economics, School of Economic, Political & Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.

Romney's five point economic plan--Los Angeles Times

BEIJING - Coastal wetlands in China have vanished at an alarming rate because of the country's economic development, and current economic plans could diminish them to below the minimum needed for "ecological security," including fresh water, fishery products and flood control, according to a report released on Monday by Chinese scientists and an American research center.

Months after the Ukraine crisis, Ukrainian officials still rely on Russia for gas sources. Interestingly, the economic fighting between Russia and Ukraine allows Russia and rebels in Ukraine to shift the focus of negotiations with Kiev from securing the border between Russia and Ukraine to the current economic problem. The pro-Western government in Kiev is forced to compromise with Moscow in order to receive essentials for the upcoming chilly winter. The deal shows that the Kremlin is switching from a military to an economic strategy to fight Ukraine's efforts to align itself with the West. Russia now imposes a trade war threat. Ukraine is the transit route for Russian gas supplies to 28 other countries. Ukraine cannot afford an economic shock from fuel shortages, because its economy is already expected to shrink this year by 7 percent.

All eyes are on China as its president and prime minister, Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang, plan to implement economic liberalization while increasing the power of the state political party. This has drawn criticism from political scientists, as discussed in the article, because of its apparent contradiction: how can you encourage markets and the private sector to open up more if you don't want to decrease the eminence of the state (and state control over sectors)? The reforms proposed by the state and government heads will try to make Chinese economic growth more sustainable in more ways than one, a task the previous president Hu Jintao shirked away from. Some political scientists also believe the problems arising from the reforms won't originate from "ideological conservatism", but rather from state-owned, controlled, or subsidized industries that do not want the increased market competition. Protectionism, anyone?

Through this article I have gained a deeper insight in how public expenditures and public goods promote wealth equality in a society. "Public services are an important antipoverty tool."

Cool theory in regards to "the tipping point". Interesting, and solid criticism of large social expenditures. Wonder how socialists view this, as opposed to free-market economists.

"Public services are an important antipoverty tool. Their benefit doesn't show up in income data, but they appear to play a key role in reducing material hardship." INteresting to see the statistics and how social expenditures help reduce poverty and the wealth gap.

Clive Crook weighs in on the Globalization debate.  

The Iranian national currency, the rial has been in steady decline for months, and the only method that the government has used to combat the issue is to print more money-- not the best plan of action.

I agree with what Alexander said. I think it would be interesting to investigate whether or not the Obama administration has considered applying economic pressure to Iran in order to achieve diplomatic means. With Iran in such an unstable economic state (which I am surprised isn't covered more by American news media), why would the US government even consider using military force against Iran if the Ahmadinejad regime could be destabilized in another way. We'll see how Obama and Romney treat this issue in the foreign policy debate, as Obama could use an argument based on Iran's economic instability in going against Romney's position on using military force against Iran.

yes!

Illustrating how the Bank's role in Latin America and the Caribbean has evolved in recent decades, countries in the region now turn increasingly to the institution for more than direct lending, including such services as risk insurance, commodity swaps, and climate adaptation finance.

The region is doing worse. "Latin America and the Caribbean finds itself in the fifth year of an economic slowdown and the second consecutive year of GDP contraction. Worsening external conditions coupled with domestic challenges have reduced expectations for regional growth to -0.7 percent in 2015, with economic activity projected to drop to -1.3 percent in 2016." But also, Mexico and the Caribbean are experiencing 2% growth, while South America is declining 1.7% or more. Why?

I think it is because (and this is just a theory, I do not know for certain) Mexico and the Caribbean have a direct relationship with the USA, which gives them extra economical assistance outside the World Bank.

BERLIN - The top leaders of Germany and Italy plan to meet Wednesday as part of an intense round of shuttle diplomacy before several critical decisions that face Europe. The region's leaders are struggling to appease voters questioning the price of unity in the euro currency union after three years of financial turmoil.

I find European economics very fascinating, personally. Germany has been saving much of the Euro economy for three years since the economic crash began, but is not facing its own fiscal issues. In addition, the article discusses the actions of Italy's Prime Minister Mario Monti, who has been frantically attending meetings and important "coffees" with other European heads of states to prevent their country's growing national debt--already at 123% GDP!!!

What are Germany's own economic issues? It has seemed like the bulwark of Europe for the last five years! Are there things that are being ignored, e.g. migrant labor, cost of universal health insurance and old age pensions? Is Angela Merkel still popular? Who might succeed her? What are her party's politics?

Really cool ideas being shared on how a modern city-state can develop its economy.

Interesting to see how just the geography of a country can shape its economic growth and international trades importance. Also how improving internal infrastructures affect international trade and domestic econmies.

When I normally think of China's vast economic growth, I have a negative image ingrained in the back of my mind. This image surrounds the ideas of the environmental degradation, the unsafe working conditions, and the fact that they are by far surpassing the United States. However, China's economic prowess has lifted 500,000,000 people out of poverty. But, it is still not perfect: China's economy depends heavily on exports to global economies thus, when these markets experience recessions China is affected. The 2008 United States Recession had a significant impact on China's fiscal success. It is suggested that China is not yet stable. Because the Communist Party is largely in-control of the government, the nation is experiencing political, social and strain. The workers are also beginning to speak out. It is interesting to watch as China rapids morphs more and more of itself into a massive economic and industrial powerhouse.

Political instability is evident in France as the cabinet fell apart over questions regarding the financial crisis of France and the overall economic downslide of the euro over the last 5 years. The Prime Minister Manuel Vall called for the dissolvement of the cabinet after President Hallonde made changes to economic regulations based on the urges of the European Union, German leaders to be specific. The big question regarding the European economy is whether government budget cuts and deficit financing is more important or finding a way to get cash flowing and creating jobs for citizens is more important. Many of the nations of the eurozone initially bought into the policies of austerity policies that Angel Merkel, the German chancellor, advocated, but now they're pulling back their restrictions and some economic growth is occurring. France and Germany, the largest economies in Europe are at odds and France's shift towards the right-wing National Front. France, as a part of the European Union, has pressure to do follow orders and maintain relationships with other European powers rather than do what's exactly right for their citizens. Political instability of France, unemployment, budget cuts, and debt-financing.

sorry im late to this but the economic sanctions on my country have finally been lifted!

"Georgism and environmental economics" "Herman E. Daly"