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nailmallpro

5 Ways to Know You Need A Plumber | U'GoPros Inc - 0 views

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    Plumbing Repair Are you looking for a qualified, professional plumbing service provider or emergency plumber near me that knows the latest technological processes for fixing leaks, repairing and replacing plumbing pipes and ensuring your plumbing system is clean and operating normally? If you are, we can help you find the right plumber for your needs. Signs You Need a Plumbing Repair Contractor in Space Coast Florida Plumbing systems in the homes and businesses of Brevard County are often overlooked until they fail and result in the need to shut off your home or business' water until a qualified plumbing contractor can be contacted to locate and repair the problem. Thankfully, there are some signs you can look for to determine if your plumbing system needs a plumber repair or service leak repair before it completely fails, potentially resulting in floods and backed up sewer lines. 1. You Have Limited or No Hot Water Hot water is essential for washing laundry, taking a shower and general cleaning around your home or business. When you don't have hot water or you have very limited hot water, it could mean that you have a problem with the gas or electrical connections to your hot water heater, the hot water heating elements have failed or the inside is filled with debris and corrosion. The good news is that one of our water heater plumbing professionals can diagnose the problem with your water heater and repair it or replace your water heater. 2. More than One Drain is Slow If just one drain is slow, it most likely means there is a clog in that drain that needs to be removed. Drains that commonly clog include sinks, showers and bathtubs, and typically, all it takes is cleaning the clogged drain out with a plumbing snake or auger. However, if you have multiple slow drains or your toilet is backing up into your bathtub, there's a good chance you have a sewer line clog that needs immediate attention. Sewer lines can be safely cleaned out by an experienced plumb
nailmallpro

10 Electrical Safety Steps for Keeping you and your Family Safe - Professional Electric... - 0 views

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    When it comes to keeping your family safe from harm, you want to do everything in your power. Dealing with electricity can be a dangerous thing if you don't do it correctly. Teaching your family how to properly approach electrical problems can make a world of difference in their safety. Here are our top 10 electrical safety tips to help keep your family safe from harm. 1.) Avoid Overloading An Electrical Outlet And Power Strips Being in the technology age, it can sometimes be difficult to charge all of our mobile items. From your phone to your iPod, to your computer, you need to have a clear outlet space to do so. Many think the best solution is to simply add more temporary outlets to their existing hardwired outlets. This can be done with power strips and multi-outlet plugins. While these may seem convenient at first, they actually can cause major electrical problems. Overloading outlets can cause burnt plugs, and in more severe cases, full-on house fires. You should avoid using multi-outlet plugins as much as possible to reduce your family's risk of danger. 2.) Don't Yank On Electrical Cords It may seem tempting from time to time to pull on a power cord to get it out of the wall. Just because it saves you that short trip back down the hallway to unplug the sweeper, it's actually costing you more in the long run because of the wear it takes. Realize that by yanking power cords, you can damage the cord, the plug, and the actual wall outlet. In the event that your wall outlet has become loose due to being yanked on, we suggest calling a qualified electrician to fix the issue. 3.) Avoid Keeping Power Cords Near Water If you've ever noticed that the outlets in your kitchen and bathroom are shaped differently than the rest, you've seen a GFCI outlet. These are specially made to help decrease the likelihood of electrical shock in the event that water seeps into the outlet. You can do yourself a favor and protect you and your family from electrical shock b
nailmallpro

You Look Under The Sink To Find A Leak With The Garbage Disposal Best Plumbing Services... - 0 views

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    When you look under your sink and see a leak one of the first things that is assumed is time to get new garbage disposal, but this isn't the case. For the most part, if you are leaking around your disposal it is because of a faulty plumbing pipe or poor installation. So check the plumbing and the mounting hardware mounting to the sink itself. If you notice you're still having the leaks it's the time to get in touch with your local plumbing services. Many homeowners have the luxury of having garbage disposal to help make cleaning dishes easier, along with keeping the pipes clear of large food particles. Some may have never thought about getting a garbage disposal until they bought their first house which just happened to have one. This was the case for myself (You can call Best Plumbing Services in USA). I happen to see random light switch by the sink (Being young at the time, not knowing) and turned it on. I then heard this loud growl yell at me from the sink. This was my first run with garbage disposal. Having a garbage disposal has been great but can put you in a panic if you start to have some issues. When problems arise you can start to notice strange smells coming from the sink. You can notice when you flip the power switch you don't hear the disposal running, or you notice that water is continuing to clog. What we have here is 5 simple solutions that you can try to help get your garbage disposal back in operation, before you decide to go out and purchase a new one or call on that Best Plumbing Services in USA AKA the professionals. Yes this is a quick DIY for you. There Is A Clogged Garbage Disposal One of the first misconception of a garbage disposal is that it has blades so it can eat through anything. Though yes there are extreme safety precautions (LIKE DON'T PUT YOUR HAND IT THERE WHILE RUNNING) I will share with you the not so obvious things that you should avoid putting in disposal. The list here; oil, grease, or any nonfood item. Though
expertastrology

Inter Caste Marriage Problems - 0 views

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    Inter Caste Marriage Problems are a usual for Indian society by the helps of Vedic astrology you can remove. Minimize or get rid of this problem easily.
Clif Mims

MathMovesU.com - 11 views

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    "Raytheon's MathMovesU is an innovative program designed to engage middle school students with math when their interest in the subject typically declines. Algebra, geometry, decimals, fractions & word problems combine with topics kids are passionate about; sports, music & fashion. MMU delivers math problems via games, polls and fun facts." "MathMovesU.com will supplement your classroom curriculum. It's designed to help middle school math students practice and improve their math skills. MMU combines stuff kids are into like music, sports & fashion with algebra, geometry, decimals, fractions & word problems."
Dennis OConnor

E-Learning Graduate Certificate Program: Problem solving in an online constructivist cl... - 0 views

  • If you come across a question you can't answer, be honest. Don't bluff or portray yourself as an expert when you aren't. Instead model the collaborative skills you've developed and work together with the student to solve problems.
  • By sharing power you enhance the learning community. 
  • 1. Wait time.
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  • Here are some problem solving tips.
  • 2. Admit when you're uncertain.
  • 3. Practicum Interns should consult with your cooperating instructor on anything that might get sticky.
  • In an internship,  go to your cooperating cooperating instructor first.  
  • When you're teaching online for a company or university use the chain of command.
  • 4. Use your search skills.
  • Problem solving is an ongoing process. 
  • See our NEW Checklist for Online Instructors for a comprehensive guide to best practices in e-learning! 
Rama Krishna

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wallaceclient56

Buy TripAdvisor Reviews - 100% Guaranteed & Cheap... - 0 views

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    Buy TripAdvisor Reviews Introduction If you are looking for a way to improve your hotel's ratings, TripAdvisor reviews are a great way to do so. But the problem with this is that some people try to sell their fake reviews on the website and these can have an impact on your hotel's reputation. What is Tripadvisor TripAdvisor is a travel website that allows users to post reviews about hotels, restaurants and attractions in destinations worldwide. It is the largest travel website in the world, with more than 500 million reviews of hotels and restaurants. TripAdvisor has become so popular because it's easy to use-and free! You can leave your own reviews or read others' opinions about your favorite places to stay or have fun. If you're looking for more than just a place to stay, you might also want to check out some of our other pages on this site: The problem with TripAdvisor reviews TripAdvisor is the most popular travel site in the world, with over 250 million users. It's also one of the most trusted places to get honest and unbiased reviews on any business or product. TripAdvisor reviews can make or break your business, so it's important to know what they are, how they work and how they can help you improve your business. Can you buy a good review? You can buy a good review on TripAdvisor. But how does one tell if a review is fake? Fake reviews typically come from people with no connection to the establishment, who have never been there and don't know anything about it. This means they can write whatever they want in an attempt to get their name out there and increase their chances of being found by Google search engines (which often utilize algorithms based on such things). Buy TripAdvisor Reviews If you suspect that your hotel was reviewed by someone who has never visited it before or had any idea what they were talking about, read through the comments carefully-some users will make claims that don't match up with reality! If something does
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    Buy TripAdvisor Reviews Introduction If you are looking for a way to improve your hotel's ratings, TripAdvisor reviews are a great way to do so. But the problem with this is that some people try to sell their fake reviews on the website and these can have an impact on your hotel's reputation. What is Tripadvisor TripAdvisor is a travel website that allows users to post reviews about hotels, restaurants and attractions in destinations worldwide. It is the largest travel website in the world, with more than 500 million reviews of hotels and restaurants. TripAdvisor has become so popular because it's easy to use-and free! You can leave your own reviews or read others' opinions about your favorite places to stay or have fun. If you're looking for more than just a place to stay, you might also want to check out some of our other pages on this site: The problem with TripAdvisor reviews TripAdvisor is the most popular travel site in the world, with over 250 million users. It's also one of the most trusted places to get honest and unbiased reviews on any business or product. TripAdvisor reviews can make or break your business, so it's important to know what they are, how they work and how they can help you improve your business. Can you buy a good review? You can buy a good review on TripAdvisor. But how does one tell if a review is fake? Fake reviews typically come from people with no connection to the establishment, who have never been there and don't know anything about it. This means they can write whatever they want in an attempt to get their name out there and increase their chances of being found by Google search engines (which often utilize algorithms based on such things). Buy TripAdvisor Reviews If you suspect that your hotel was reviewed by someone who has never visited it before or had any idea what they were talking about, read through the comments carefully-some users will make claims that don't match up with reality! If something does
Isabella Noah

Remove PC Enemy (VIrus) With The Help Of Mcafee Tsch Support - 0 views

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    Facing Antivirus Related Issues and also want to renew your antivirus? If so, then Mcafee Tech Support is available with toll-free Mcafee contact number which is 1-877-609-3714 to solve all the PC or laptop connected problems in minutes. The expert technicians are always available with this service number for fixing your problems within minutes of calling.
Katrina Miller

Why Teenagers Need Moxie Mental Health? - 0 views

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    Most people experience mental health problems in their life; and half of those who experience mental health problems first experience them before age 14. Does your child have the support he or she needs if they must face the ordeal?
Hanna Wiszniewska

Web resource for math problems that are interesting - for advanced high school and coll... - 1 views

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    I'm looking for sites that have math problems that require creativity from students, not just knowledge of the material, like the kinds of questions they use for math competitions. Two interesting answers with resources - worth checkng!
Barbara Lindsey

Jean Lave, Etienne Wenger and communities of practice - 1 views

  • Supposing learning is social and comes largely from of our experience of participating in daily life? It was this thought that formed the basis of a significant rethinking of learning theory in the late 1980s and early 1990s by two researchers from very different disciplines - Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger. Their model of situated learning proposed that learning involved a process of engagement in a 'community of practice'. 
  • When looking closely at everyday activity, she has argued, it is clear that 'learning is ubiquitous in ongoing activity, though often unrecognized as such' (Lave 1993: 5).
  • Communities of practice are formed by people who engage in a process of collective learning in a shared domain of human endeavour: a tribe learning to survive, a band of artists seeking new forms of expression, a group of engineers working on similar problems, a clique of pupils defining their identity in the school, a network of surgeons exploring novel techniques, a gathering of first-time managers helping each other cope. In a nutshell: Communities of practice are groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly. (Wenger circa 2007)
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  • Over time, this collective learning results in practices that reflect both the pursuit of our enterprises and the attendant social relations. These practices are thus the property of a kind of community created over time by the sustained pursuit of a shared enterprise. It makes sense, therefore to call these kinds of communities communities of practice. (Wenger 1998: 45)
  • The characteristics of communities of practice According to Etienne Wenger (c 2007), three elements are crucial in distinguishing a community of practice from other groups and communities: The domain. A community of practice is is something more than a club of friends or a network of connections between people. 'It has an identity defined by a shared domain of interest. Membership therefore implies a commitment to the domain, and therefore a shared competence that distinguishes members from other people' (op. cit.). The community. 'In pursuing their interest in their domain, members engage in joint activities and discussions, help each other, and share information. They build relationships that enable them to learn from each other' (op. cit.). The practice. 'Members of a community of practice are practitioners. They develop a shared repertoire of resources: experiences, stories, tools, ways of addressing recurring problemsβ€”in short a shared practice. This takes time and sustained interaction' (op. cit.).
  • The fact that they are organizing around some particular area of knowledge and activity gives members a sense of joint enterprise and identity. For a community of practice to function it needs to generate and appropriate a shared repertoire of ideas, commitments and memories. It also needs to develop various resources such as tools, documents, routines, vocabulary and symbols that in some way carry the accumulated knowledge of the community.
  • The interactions involved, and the ability to undertake larger or more complex activities and projects though cooperation, bind people together and help to facilitate relationship and trust
  • Rather than looking to learning as the acquisition of certain forms of knowledge, Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger have tried to place it in social relationships – situations of co-participation.
  • It not so much that learners acquire structures or models to understand the world, but they participate in frameworks that that have structure. Learning involves participation in a community of practice. And that participation 'refers not just to local events of engagement in certain activities with certain people, but to a more encompassing process of being active participants in the practices of social communities and constructing identities in relation to these communities' (Wenger 1999: 4).
  • Initially people have to join communities and learn at the periphery. The things they are involved in, the tasks they do may be less key to the community than others.
  • Learning is, thus, not seen as the acquisition of knowledge by individuals so much as a process of social participation. The nature of the situation impacts significantly on the process.
  • What is more, and in contrast with learning as internalization, β€˜learning as increasing participation in communities of practice concerns the whole person acting in the world’ (Lave and Wenger 1991: 49). The focus is on the ways in which learning is β€˜an evolving, continuously renewed set of relations’ (ibid.: 50). In other words, this is a relational view of the person and learning (see the discussion of selfhood).
  • 'the purpose is not to learn from talk as a substitute for legitimate peripheral participation; it is to learn to talk as a key to legitimate peripheral participation'. This orientation has the definite advantage of drawing attention to the need to understand knowledge and learning in context. However, situated learning depends on two claims: It makes no sense to talk of knowledge that is decontextualized, abstract or general. New knowledge and learning are properly conceived as being located in communities of practice (Tennant 1997: 77).
  • There is a risk, as Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger acknowledge, of romanticizing communities of practice.
  • 'In their eagerness to debunk testing, formal education and formal accreditation, they do not analyse how their omission [of a range of questions and issues] affects power relations, access, public knowledge and public accountability' (Tennant 1997: 79).
  • Perhaps the most helpful of these explorations is that of Barbara Rogoff and her colleagues (2001). They examine the work of an innovative school in Salt Lake City and how teachers, students and parents were able to work together to develop an approach to schooling based around the principle that learning 'occurs through interested participation with other learners'.
  • Learning is in the relationships between people. As McDermott (in Murphy 1999:17) puts it: Learning traditionally gets measured as on the assumption that it is a possession of individuals that can be found inside their heads… [Here] learning is in the relationships between people. Learning is in the conditions that bring people together and organize a point of contact that allows for particular pieces of information to take on a relevance; without the points of contact, without the system of relevancies, there is not learning, and there is little memory. Learning does not belong to individual persons, but to the various conversations of which they are a part.
  • One of the implications for schools, as Barbara Rogoff and her colleagues suggest is that they must prioritize 'instruction that builds on children's interests in a collaborative way'. Such schools need also to be places where 'learning activities are planned by children as well as adults, and where parents and teachers not only foster children's learning but also learn from their own involvement with children' (2001: 3). Their example in this area have particular force as they are derived from actual school practice.
  • learning involves a deepening process of participation in a community of practice
  • Acknowledging that communities of practice affect performance is important in part because of their potential to overcome the inherent problems of a slow-moving traditional hierarchy in a fast-moving virtual economy. Communities also appear to be an effective way for organizations to handle unstructured problems and to share knowledge outside of the traditional structural boundaries. In addition, the community concept is acknowledged to be a means of developing and maintaining long-term organizational memory. These outcomes are an important, yet often unrecognized, supplement to the value that individual members of a community obtain in the form of enriched learning and higher motivation to apply what they learn. (Lesser and Storck 2001)
  • Educators need to reflect on their understanding of what constitutes knowledge and practice. Perhaps one of the most important things to grasp here is the extent to which education involves informed and committed action.
nailmallpro

5 Best Roofing Service Tips That Will Save You Money - Best Roofing Services in USA - 0 views

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    Home ownership can be very rewarding! Though there are many reasons to own your own home rather than rent, one of the biggest turn offs for owning a home is the repairs. Owning a home you have a few high priced items that must be maintained in order to keep your costs down. These include, Heater, Air conditioning, Plumbing, windows, and one of the most important item that gets overlooked until it's too late is the ROOF!and Best Roofing Services in USA Usually when a leak has sprung in the roof more times than not the homeowner is not ready financially to purchase a new roof. A new roof can cost anywhere between 5-10K dollars depending on the size and type of roof you have. That is without a doubt a major expense especially when it isn't budgeted. Usually a roof should last over 20yrs, and sometimes even longer that once again depending on the type and style. To have your roof survive it's full life span it needs consistent inspections, cleaning, and maintenance. This will keep the problems at a minimum and your roof protecting your home for many years to come. This article is just a few steps you can take as a DIY to protect your roof. Look At Your Roof: Usually the roof is the last part of the house you pay detail to when you pull into your driveway or while you out in your yard. So make a point to look up every once in a while. Check out your roof. Seasons change and so does the weather. Weather can do some damage to your roof. Snow, hail, wind are all things that your roof protects your family form. But it also things that can damage your roof. So look for that damage when the seasons change or after those major storms. Watch out for animal activity or the signs of insects, especially if you have trees or other vegetation around. Look for fungus or algae growth and even rust. The change of appearance can show that something is causing your roof to deteriorate prematurely. Also Look for shingle displacements, or pieces on the ground. Don't hesitate to g
bookmywizard

One to One Live Session with SEO Consultant/Expert - 0 views

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    Identify your problem and specify the area of expertise you require for a solution to your problem. Choose a wizard who suits your requirements. Find the Experts/Wizards in SEO at BookMyWizard. Experience the Holistic Learning experience anywhere anytime. Excel yourself in SEO by consulting the best SEO Consultant through one to one live video session only at Book My Wizard. https://www.bookmywizard.com/wizards?category=seo
sam12brook

Download Norton Antivirus Setup - 0 views

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    Antivirus are two types Free Antivirus and Paid Antivirus. You can download easily free antivirus setup and after some days/month you face it side effect and if you buy a paid Norton antivirus setup you don't face any type problems and if you face problem. You can contact Norton experts to fix your issues.
elliswhite5

Buy Negative Google Reviews - 1 Star, Fake, Bad Reviews... - 0 views

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    Buy Negative Google Reviews Introduction Google reviews is a powerful tool for businesses. It helps you attract customers and increase sales. However, if your business has negative reviews on Google, this can be a big problem because it will make people think twice before choosing your business. How can you buy negative google reviews? You can buy negative Google reviews. You can get fake Google reviews from us. We have a team of professionals who are working continuously to ensure that all the orders are delivered on time and within a stipulated budget, which makes us one of the most reliable agencies in this industry. How do you buy negative google reviews? There are a few ways that you can buy negative google reviews for your business. Look for customer service options on the website. If you have a good reputation, then it's likely that there are some options available to you. Search for reviews on Google and other search engines like Yelp and TripAdvisor. These sites will show you what people are saying about your business, which can help with determining whether or not its worth paying someone else to write fake reviews for you (more on this later). Use online reviews for your business: Buy Negative Google Reviews This is another way to get positive feedback from customers but it also comes with some risks because anyone could create an account with their own name/ handle as long as they were willing to pay someone else $5-$10 per post so make sure that any potential customers know how much money they're putting at risk when doing this type of thing! Buy Negative Google Reviews Negative Google Reviews Look for customer service options on the website When you are looking for a positive review provider, ask yourself if their website has customer service options that can be utilized. If the website does not have any customer support options and/or contact information on it, then this is a red flag. When finding negative Google reviews about your bus
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    Buy Negative Google Reviews Introduction Google reviews is a powerful tool for businesses. It helps you attract customers and increase sales. However, if your business has negative reviews on Google, this can be a big problem because it will make people think twice before choosing your business. How can you buy negative google reviews? You can buy negative Google reviews. You can get fake Google reviews from us. We have a team of professionals who are working continuously to ensure that all the orders are delivered on time and within a stipulated budget, which makes us one of the most reliable agencies in this industry. How do you buy negative google reviews? There are a few ways that you can buy negative google reviews for your business. Look for customer service options on the website. If you have a good reputation, then it's likely that there are some options available to you. Search for reviews on Google and other search engines like Yelp and TripAdvisor. These sites will show you what people are saying about your business, which can help with determining whether or not its worth paying someone else to write fake reviews for you (more on this later). Use online reviews for your business: Buy Negative Google Reviews This is another way to get positive feedback from customers but it also comes with some risks because anyone could create an account with their own name/ handle as long as they were willing to pay someone else $5-$10 per post so make sure that any potential customers know how much money they're putting at risk when doing this type of thing! Buy Negative Google Reviews Negative Google Reviews Look for customer service options on the website When you are looking for a positive review provider, ask yourself if their website has customer service options that can be utilized. If the website does not have any customer support options and/or contact information on it, then this is a red flag. When finding negative Google reviews about your bus
Angela Ann

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Admission Times

Top 10 CAT Math Questions That Can Appear - 0 views

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    We have compiled a list of quantitative questions that involves algebra , Percentage, Area, Problems on Ages, Time and Work, Probability, Modern Algebra methods. Try solving them in 7 minutes as it will improve your confidence and will help in solving the exam that is to be held on 16th October to 11th November 2013. http://admissiontimes.com/cat-math/
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Barbara Lindsey

Minds on Fire: Open Education, the Long Tail, and Learning 2.0 (EDUCAUSE Review) | EDUC... - 1 views

  • But at the same time that the world has become flatter, it has also become β€œspikier”: the places that are globally competitive are those that have robust local ecosystems of resources supporting innovation and productiveness.2
  • various initiatives launched over the past few years have created a series of building blocks that could provide the means for transforming the ways in which we provide education and support learning. Much of this activity has been enabled and inspired by the growth and evolution of the Internet, which has created a global β€œplatform” that has vastly expanded access to all sorts of resources, including formal and informal educational materials. The Internet has also fostered a new culture of sharing, one in which content is freely contributed and distributed with few restrictions or costs.
  • the most visible impact of the Internet on education to date has been the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement, which has provided free access to a wide range of courses and other educational materials to anyone who wants to use them. The movement began in 2001 when the William and Flora Hewlett and the Andrew W. Mellon foundations jointly funded MIT’s OpenCourseWare (OCW) initiative, which today provides open access to undergraduate- and graduate-level materials and modules from more than 1,700 courses (covering virtually all of MIT’s curriculum). MIT’s initiative has inspired hundreds of other colleges and universities in the United States and abroad to join the movement and contribute their own open educational resources.4 The Internet has also been used to provide students with direct access to high-quality (and therefore scarce and expensive) tools like telescopes, scanning electron microscopes, and supercomputer simulation models, allowing students to engage personally in research.
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  • most profound impact of the Internet, an impact that has yet to be fully realized, is its ability to support and expand the various aspects of social learning. What do we mean by β€œsocial learning”? Perhaps the simplest way to explain this concept is to note that social learning is based on the premise that our understanding of content is socially constructed through conversations about that content and through grounded interactions, especially with others, around problems or actions. The focus is not so much on what we are learning but on how we are learning.5
  • This perspective shifts the focus of our attention from the content of a subject to the learning activities and human interactions around which that content is situated. This perspective also helps to explain the effectiveness of study groups. Students in these groups can ask questions to clarify areas of uncertainty or confusion, can improve their grasp of the material by hearing the answers to questions from fellow students, and perhaps most powerfully, can take on the role of teacher to help other group members benefit from their understanding (one of the best ways to learn something is, after all, to teach it to others).
  • This encourages the practice of what John Dewey called β€œproductive inquiry”—that is, the process of seeking the knowledge when it is needed in order to carry out a particular situated task.
  • ecoming a trusted contributor to Wikipedia involves a process of legitimate peripheral participation that is similar to the process in open source software communities. Any reader can modify the text of an entry or contribute new entries. But only more experienced and more trusted individuals are invited to become β€œadministrators” who have access to higher-level editing tools.8
  • by clicking on tabs that appear on every page, a user can easily review the history of any article as well as contributors’ ongoing discussion of and sometimes fierce debates around its content, which offer useful insights into the practices and standards of the community that is responsible for creating that entry in Wikipedia. (In some cases, Wikipedia articles start with initial contributions by passionate amateurs, followed by contributions from professional scholars/researchers who weigh in on the β€œfinal” versions. Here is where the contested part of the material becomes most usefully evident.) In this open environment, both the content and the process by which it is created are equally visible, thereby enabling a new kind of critical readingβ€”almost a new form of literacyβ€”that invites the reader to join in the consideration of what information is reliable and/or important.
  • Mastering a field of knowledge involves not only β€œlearning about” the subject matter but also β€œlearning to be” a full participant in the field. This involves acquiring the practices and the norms of established practitioners in that field or acculturating into a community of practice.
  • But viewing learning as the process of joining a community of practice reverses this pattern and allows new students to engage in β€œlearning to be” even as they are mastering the content of a field.
  • Another interesting experiment in Second Life was the Harvard Law School and Harvard Extension School fall 2006 course called β€œCyberOne: Law in the Court of Public Opinion.” The course was offered at three levels of participation. First, students enrolled in Harvard Law School were able to attend the class in person. Second, non–law school students could enroll in the class through the Harvard Extension School and could attend lectures, participate in discussions, and interact with faculty members during their office hours within Second Life. And at the third level, any participant in Second Life could review the lectures and other course materials online at no cost. This experiment suggests one way that the social life of Internet-based virtual education can coexist with and extend traditional education.
  • Digital StudyHall (DSH), which is designed to improve education for students in schools in rural areas and urban slums in India. The project is described by its developers as β€œthe educational equivalent of Netflix + YouTube + Kazaa.”11 Lectures from model teachers are recorded on video and are then physically distributed via DVD to schools that typically lack well-trained instructors (as well as Internet connections). While the lectures are being played on a monitor (which is often powered by a battery, since many participating schools also lack reliable electricity), a β€œmediator,” who could be a local teacher or simply a bright student, periodically pauses the video and encourages engagement among the students by asking questions or initiating discussions about the material they are watching.
  • John King, the associate provost of the University of Michigan
  • For the past few years, he points out, incoming students have been bringing along their online social networks, allowing them to stay in touch with their old friends and former classmates through tools like SMS, IM, Facebook, and MySpace. Through these continuing connections, the University of Michigan students can extend the discussions, debates, bull sessions, and study groups that naturally arise on campus to include their broader networks. Even though these extended connections were not developed to serve educational purposes, they amplify the impact that the university is having while also benefiting students on campus.14 If King is right, it makes sense for colleges and universities to consider how they can leverage these new connections through the variety of social software platforms that are being established for other reasons.
  • The project’s website includes reports of how students, under the guidance of professional astronomers, are using the Faulkes telescopes to make small but meaningful contributions to astronomy.
  • β€œThis is not education in which people come in and lecture in a classroom. We’re helping students work with real data.”16
  • HOU invites students to request observations from professional observatories and provides them with image-processing software to visualize and analyze their data, encouraging interaction between the students and scientists
  • The site is intended to serve as β€œan open forum for worldwide discussions on the Decameron and related topics.” Both scholars and students are invited to submit their own contributions as well as to access the existing resources on the site. The site serves as an apprenticeship platform for students by allowing them to observe how scholars in the field argue with each other and also to publish their own contributions, which can be relatively smallβ€”an example of the β€œlegitimate peripheral participation” that is characteristic of open source communities. This allows students to β€œlearn to be,” in this instance by participating in the kind of rigorous argumentation that is generated around a particular form of deep scholarship. A community like this, in which students can acculturate into a particular scholarly practice, can be seen as a virtual β€œspike”: a highly specialized site that can serve as a global resource for its field.
  • I posted a list of links to all the student blogs and mentioned the list on my own blog. I also encouraged the students to start reading one another's writing. The difference in the writing that next week was startling. Each student wrote significantly more than they had previously. Each piece was more thoughtful. Students commented on each other's writing and interlinked their pieces to show related or contradicting thoughts. Then one of the student assignments was commented on and linked to from a very prominent blogger. Many people read the student blogs and subscribed to some of them. When these outside comments showed up, indicating that the students really were plugging into the international community's discourse, the quality of the writing improved again. The power of peer review had been brought to bear on the assignments.17
  • for any topic that a student is passionate about, there is likely to be an online niche community of practice of others who share that passion.
  • Finding and joining a community that ignites a student’s passion can set the stage for the student to acquire both deep knowledge about a subject (β€œlearning about”) and the ability to participate in the practice of a field through productive inquiry and peer-based learning (β€œlearning to be”). These communities are harbingers of the emergence of a new form of technology-enhanced learningβ€”Learning 2.0β€”which goes beyond providing free access to traditional course materials and educational tools and creates a participatory architecture for supporting communities of learners.
  • We need to construct shared, distributed, reflective practicums in which experiences are collected, vetted, clustered, commented on, and tried out in new contexts.
  • An example of such a practicum is the online Teaching and Learning Commons (http://commons.carnegiefoundation.org/) launched earlier this year by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
  • The Commons is an open forum where instructors at all levels (and from around the world) can post their own examples and can participate in an ongoing conversation about effective teaching practices, as a means of supporting a process of β€œcreating/using/re-mixing (or creating/sharing/using).”20
  • The original World Wide Webβ€”the β€œWeb 1.0” that emerged in the mid-1990sβ€”vastly expanded access to information. The Open Educational Resources movement is an example of the impact that the Web 1.0 has had on education.
  • But the Web 2.0, which has emerged in just the past few years, is sparking an even more far-reaching revolution. Tools such as blogs, wikis, social networks, tagging systems, mashups, and content-sharing sites are examples of a new user-centric information infrastructure that emphasizes participation (e.g., creating, re-mixing) over presentation, that encourages focused conversation and short briefs (often written in a less technical, public vernacular) rather than traditional publication, and that facilitates innovative explorations, experimentations, and purposeful tinkerings that often form the basis of a situated understanding emerging from action, not passivity.
  • In the twentieth century, the dominant approach to education focused on helping students to build stocks of knowledge and cognitive skills that could be deployed later in appropriate situations. This approach to education worked well in a relatively stable, slowly changing world in which careers typically lasted a lifetime. But the twenty-first century is quite different.
  • We now need a new approach to learningβ€”one characterized by a demand-pull rather than the traditional supply-push mode of building up an inventory of knowledge in students’ heads. Demand-pull learning shifts the focus to enabling participation in flows of action, where the focus is both on β€œlearning to be” through enculturation into a practice as well as on collateral learning.
  • The demand-pull approach is based on providing students with access to rich (sometimes virtual) learning communities built around a practice. It is passion-based learning, motivated by the student either wanting to become a member of a particular community of practice or just wanting to learn about, make, or perform something. Often the learning that transpires is informal rather than formally conducted in a structured setting. Learning occurs in part through a form of reflective practicum, but in this case the reflection comes from being embedded in a community of practice that may be supported by both a physical and a virtual presence and by collaboration between newcomers and professional practitioners/scholars.
  • The building blocks provided by the OER movement, along with e-Science and e-Humanities and the resources of the Web 2.0, are creating the conditions for the emergence of new kinds of open participatory learning ecosystems23 that will support active, passion-based learning: Learning 2.0.
  • As a graduate student at UC-Berkeley in the late 1970s, Treisman worked on the poor performance of African-Americans and Latinos in undergraduate calculus classes. He discovered the problem was not these students’ lack of motivation or inadequate preparation but rather their approach to studying. In contrast to Asian students, who, Treisman found, naturally formed β€œacademic communities” in which they studied and learned together, African-Americans tended to separate their academic and social lives and studied completely on their own. Treisman developed a program that engaged these students in workshop-style study groups in which they collaborated on solving particularly challenging calculus problems. The program was so successful that it was adopted by many other colleges. See Uri Treisman, β€œStudying Students Studying Calculus: A Look at the Lives of Minority Mathematics Students in College,” College Mathematics Journal, vol. 23, no. 5 (November 1992), pp. 362–72, http://math.sfsu.edu/hsu/workshops/treisman.html.
  • In the early 1970s, Stanford University Professor James Gibbons developed a similar technique, which he called Tutored Videotape Instruction (TVI). Like DSH, TVI was based on showing recorded classroom lectures to groups of students, accompanied by a β€œtutor” whose job was to stop the tape periodically and ask questions. Evaluations of TVI showed that students’ learning from TVI was as good as or better than in-classroom learning and that the weakest students academically learned more from participating in TVI instruction than from attending lectures in person. See J. F. Gibbons, W. R. Kincheloe, and S. K. Down, β€œTutored Video-tape Instruction: A New Use of Electronics Media in Education,” Science, vol. 195 (1977), pp. 1136–49.
Barbara Lindsey

Textbook Piracy Grows Online, Prompting a Counterattack From Publishers - Chronicle.com - 0 views

  • College students are increasingly downloading illegal copies of textbooks online, employing the same file-trading technologies used to download music and movies. Feeling threatened, book publishers are stepping up efforts to stop the online piracy.
  • Textbook Torrents, promises more than 5,000 textbooks for download in PDF format, complete with the original textbook layout and full-color illustrations. Users must simply set up a free account and download a free software program that uses a popular peer-to-peer system called BitTorrent. Other textbook-download sites are even easier to use, offering digital books at the click of a mouse.
  • culture of infringement
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • So far the publishing group has not sought to take legal action against individual student downloaders, as the Recording Industry Association of America has done in its campaign to stamp out the illegal trading of music at colleges. The book-publishing group has not sought to shut down entire Web sites that offer downloads either, said Mr. McCoyd. Instead, officials are doing research on the extent of the problem and asking Web-site owners to remove individual files. "We've just tried to keep sweeping away these infringements as they continue to come online," he said.
  • One place their titles keep popping up is Scribd, a document-sharing Web site that opened this year. The site's policies do not allow users to post copyrighted content without permission, but some people break the rules.
  • "We have been fairly vigorous in monitoring these sites and in requesting that they take down our copyrighted content,"
  • Individual academic publishers have also taken steps to stop book pirates.
  • He said that if the problem worsens, publishers may have to take other steps to prevent piracy, such as releasing a new version of most textbooks every semester. The versions could include slight modifications that could be changed easilyβ€”such as altering the numbers in math problems. "They may compelled to," he said, "in order to stay one step ahead of the pirates."
    • Barbara Lindsey
       
      Wrong response. Instead of trying to force students into a model that doesn't work any longer, why not give them what they want and need? Look at MIT OpenCourseWare, Berkeley course content on iTunes, Flat World Knowledge, the California Open Source Project, Connexions. Heck! Look at OpenSource software such as Linux, Firefox, OpenOffice. THIS is the new model and companies will need to figure out a way to monetize this in a way that works for everyone.
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