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new (March 24th) report in Clinical Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, shows that Omega-3 fatty acids appear protective against advanced prostate cancer. Dr. John S. Witte, Ph.D., professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at the University of California San Francisco, says that previous research has shown protection against prostate cancer, but that this is one of the first studies to show protection against advanced prostate cancer.

Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cyclooxygenase-2 Genetic Variation, and Aggressive Prostate Cancer Risk. Fradet V, Cheng I, Casey G, Witte JS. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Mar 24. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19318492 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2503

You-Lin Qiao, Sanford M. Dawsey, Farin Kamangar, Jin-Hu Fan, Christian C. Abnet, Xiu-Di Sun, Laura Lee Johnson, Mitchell H. Gail, Zhi-Wei Dong, Binbing Yu, Steven D. Mark, and Philip R. Taylor. Total and Cancer Mortality After Supplementation With Vitamins and Minerals: Follow-up of the Linxian General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2009 March 24; DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djp037

[Clinical study on effect of Astragalus in efficacy enhancing and toxicity reducing of chemotherapy in patients of malignant tumor] Duan P, Wang ZM. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2002 Jul;22(7):515-7. Chinese. PMID: 12592686

Traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus reverses predominance of Th2 cytokines and their up-stream transcript factors in lung cancer patients. Wei H, Sun R, Xiao W, Feng J, Zhen C, Xu X, Tian Z. Oncol Rep. 2003 Sep-Oct;10(5):1507-12. PMID: 12883732

Selenium and immunocompetence in patients with head and neck cancer. Kiremidjian-Schumacher L, Roy M, Glickman R, Schneider K, Rothstein S, Cooper J, Hochster H, Kim M, Newman R. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2000 Feb;73(2):97-111. PMID: 11049203 DOI: 10.1385/BTER:73:2:97

Combination immunotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a phase 2 trial. Barrera JL, Verastegui E, Meneses A, Zinser J, de la Garza J, Hadden JW. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000 Mar;126(3):345-51. PMID: 10722007

A recently published study in Nutrition and Cancer (60(5), 643-651) by researchers at Kansai Medical University in Osaka, Japan has shown that AHCC (Active Hexose Correlated Compound) enhances immune function by increasing the number of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are a key part of the immune system responsible for presenting foreign substances to other immune system cells. The study was conducted in a double-blind randomized fashion where twenty-one healthy subjects received a placebo or AHCC at 3.0 g/day for 4 weeks. Blood samples were obtained and measured at baseline and at 4 weeks. The number of circulating types of DCs was measured which included CD 11c+ DCs (myeloid DC population; DC1) and CD11c- DCs (lymphoid DC population; DC2). Other parameters measured included mixed-leukocyte reaction (MLR), natural killer (NK) cell activity, the proliferative response of T lymphocytes toward mitogen (phytohemagglutinin [PHA]) and cytokine production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon gamma-gamma, and (alpha)-tumor necrosis factor.

Vitamin D and intervention trials in prostate cancer: from theory to therapy. Schwartz GG. Ann Epidemiol. 2009 Feb;19(2):96-102. Epub 2008 Jul 10. PMID: 18619854 doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.03.007 This suggests that whereas vitamin D (e.g., cholecalciferol) might prevent prostate cancer, existing prostate tumors likely would require treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D and/or its analogs. The major obstacle to the use of 1,25(OH)(2)D in patients therapeutically is the risk of hypercalcemia. Several maneuvers to reduce this risk, including pulse dosing and the use of less calcemic 1,25(OH)(2)D analogs, have been explored in Phase I-III clinical trials. Once merely a promise, vitamin D-based therapies for prostate cancer may soon be medical practice.

Phase I clinical trial of a selective inhibitor of CYP17, abiraterone acetate, confirms that castration-resistant prostate cancer commonly remains hormone driven. Attard G, Reid AH, Yap TA, Raynaud F, Dowsett M, Settatree S, Barrett M, Parker C, Martins V, Folkerd E, Clark J, Cooper CS, Kaye SB, Dearnaley D, Lee G, de Bono JS. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Oct 1;26(28):4563-71. Epub 2008 Jul 21. PMID: 18645193 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.9749

Evaluation of active hexose correlated compound hepatic metabolism and potential for drug interactions with chemotherapy agents. Mach CM, Fugii H, Wakame K, Smith J. J Soc Integr Oncol. 2008 Summer;6(3):105-9. PMID: 19087767

Breast cancer risk in premenopausal women is inversely associated with consumption of broccoli, a source of isothiocyanates, but is not modified by GST genotype. Ambrosone CB, McCann SE, Freudenheim JL, Marshall JR, Zhang Y, Shields PG. J Nutr. 2004 May;134(5):1134-8. PMID: 15113959

Watercress supplementation in diet reduces lymphocyte DNA damage and alters blood antioxidant status in healthy adults. Gill CI, Haldar S, Boyd LA, Bennett R, Whiteford J, Butler M, Pearson JR, Bradbury I, Rowland IR. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Feb;85(2):504-10. PMID: 17284750

Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide peptide slows progression of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Tsang KW, Lam CL, Yan C, Mak JC, Ooi GC, Ho JC, Lam B, Man R, Sham JS, Lam WK. Respir Med. 2003 Jun;97(6):618-24. PMID: 12814145 doi:10.1053/rmed.2003.1490

Attached please find the final draft of Dr. Kenyon's non-controlled observational study on the use of Coriolus versicolor (non-extracted) in 30 solid tumour cancer patients. The final report will be published in the February edition of Mycology News 7. The patients were Stage III and Stage IV patients in which chemotherapy and radiotherapy were not considered successful. Below please find a synopsis of patient type.

ncident invasive breast cancer, geographic location of residence, and reported average time spent outside. Millen AE, Pettinger M, Freudenheim JL, Langer RD, Rosenberg CA, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Duffy CM, Lane DS, McTiernan A, Kuller LH, Lopez AM, Wactawski-Wende J. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Feb;18(2):495-507. Epub 2009 Feb 3. PMID: 19190147 doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0652 In conclusion, region of residence and geographic solar irradiance are not consistently related to risk of breast cancer and may not be sufficient proxy measures for sunlight/vitamin D exposure. The observed association between time spent outside and breast cancer risk support the hypothesis that vitamin D may protect against breast cancer.

Review article: vitamin D acquisition and breast cancer risk. Pérez-López FR, Chedraui P, Haya J. Reprod Sci. 2009 Jan;16(1):7-19. Review. PMID: 19144887 DOI: 10.1177/1933719108327595 Conclusions: Although there are controversial results, it seems plausible that sufficient endogenous vitamin D levels may have a protective function on mammary cells, reducing breast cancer risk.

Association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer risk. Crew KD, Gammon MD, Steck SE, Hershman DL, Cremers S, Dworakowski E, Shane E, Terry MB, Desai M, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Santella RM. Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa). 2009 Jun;2(6):598-604. Epub 2009 May 26. PMID: 19470790 In summary, these results add to a growing body of evidence that adequate vitamin D stores may prevent breast cancer development. Whereas circulating 25-OHD levels of >32 ng/mL are associated with normal bone mineral metabolism, our data suggest that the optimal level for breast cancer prevention is ≥40 ng/mL. Well-designed clinical trials are urgently needed to determine whether vitamin D supplementation is effective for breast cancer chemoprevention.

Vitamin d and its role in cancer and immunity: a prescription for sunlight. Mullin GE, Dobs A. Nutr Clin Pract. 2007 Jun;22(3):305-22. Review. PMID: 17507731 DOI: 10.1177/0115426507022003305

Calcium, dairy foods, vitamin D, and colorectal cancer risk: the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study. Mizoue T, Kimura Y, Toyomura K, Nagano J, Kono S, Mibu R, Tanaka M, Kakeji Y, Maehara Y, Okamura T, Ikejiri K, Futami K, Yasunami Y, Maekawa T, Takenaka K, Ichimiya H, Imaizumi N. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Oct;17(10):2800-7. PMID: 18843026