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This activity could be adapted for struggling students by giving them less advanced story problems with easier to spot unnecessary information.  More advanced students could be given more detailed story problems.  Struggling students could also be given story problems with some of the unnecessary information already crossed out and some of the valuable information pre-underlined, giving them a head start

4.OA.3 Solve multistep word problems posed with whole numbers and having whole-number answers using the four operations, including problems in which remainders must be interpreted. Represent these problems using equations with a letter standing for the unknown quantity. Assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies including rounding.

CCSS.Math.Content.3.MD.A.2

Measure and estimate liquid volumes and masses of objects using standard units of grams (g), kilograms (kg), and liters (l).1 Add, subtract, multiply, or divide to solve one-step word problems involving masses or volumes that are given in the same units, e.g., by using drawings (such as a beaker with a measurement scale) to represent the problem.2

Activity is great to add real world context to ELL and low English speaking students. Provides a real world context for students to start thinking about measurement in. Brings items from the household into the classroom. Extend the activity by introducing the concept of adding two different measurements (1/4 + 3/4) together to make one whole.

CCSS.Math.Content.4.MD.A.2 Use the four operations to solve word problems involving distances, intervals of time, liquid volumes, masses of objects, and money, including problems involving simple fractions or decimals, and problems that require expressing measurements given in a larger unit in terms of a smaller unit. Represent measurement quantities using diagrams such as number line diagrams that feature a measurement scale

CCSS.Math.Content.3.OA.A.3 Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems in situations involving equal groups, arrays, and measurement quantities, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem

This activity is great for students who are struggling with the concept of division. The activity is especially helpful for students who need to visualize the statement before properly solving the problem. Again, these visual representations will make it easier for ELL and low performing English students to understand the concepts behind division. It could be extended by having students determine the number sentence from a story problem.

CCSS.Math.Content.1.OA.C.6 Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use strategies such as counting on; making ten (e.g., 8 + 6 = 8 + 2 + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14); decomposing a number leading to a ten (e.g., 13 - 4 = 13 - 3 - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9); using the relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that 8 + 4 = 12, one knows 12 - 8 = 4); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums

ELL and low English speaking students would benefit from the discussion present when solving long addition, subtraction, or multiplication problems with a partner.

Game could be modified or extended for higher grades by allowing the students to draw four cards each, then arrange them in a way to represent a 2-digit by 2-digit multiplication problem. The player with the highest total gets all four cards.

5.MD.1 Convert among different-sized standard measurement units within a given measurement system (e.g., convert 5 cm to 0.05 m), and use these conversions in solving multi-step, real world problems.

Although I really like how this activity involves all aspects of trip planning, it could be adapted for less-advanced students by simply having them measure rather than calculate out travel time.  Students could still come up with the total distance, but travel time could be turned into a group activity that the class and teacher solve together until students become more confident in their abilities.

This website is the best one I found for reliable quality and well-constructed lesson plans!  I am looking forward to exploring it some more.

1.NBT.1 Count to 120, starting at any number less than 120. In this range, read and write numerals and represent a number of objects with a written numeral.

3.MD.1 Tell and write time to the nearest minute and measure time intervals in minutes. Solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of time intervals in minutes, e.g., by representing the problem on a number line diagram.

This activity lends itself naturally to children who may not grasp the concept very well because it allows them to work in groups.  Heterogeneous grouping for this activity would allow everyone to work together in a fun, non-competitive environment.  The worksheet could be adapted for ELLs by including pictures or changing the wording to simpler words.  I found the wording of the activity sheet to be a little advanced for the age group in general, so ELLs would have particular trouble with it.  Also, it never hurts to read the activity sheet aloud before asking the studnets to fill it out.

CCSS.Math.Content.1.MD.A.2 Express the length of an object as a whole number of length units, by laying multiple copies of a shorter object (the length unit) end to end; understand that the length measurement of an object is the number of same-size length units that span it with no gaps or overlaps.

This activity is great for all learners because it takes an abstract concept like mass (weight) and provides a visual for students to think about, in terms of 1 crayon equals 2 erasers in mass, or 2 crayons equal 1 pencil in length). It provides opportunities for ELL and low English speaking students to work with measurement on terms they are familiar with. It could be extended by switching to standard units of measurement such as inches, centimeters, or grams.

CCSS.Math.Content.3.MD.A.2 Measure and estimate liquid volumes and masses of objects using standard units of grams (g), kilograms (kg), and liters (l).1 Add, subtract, multiply, or divide to solve one-step word problems involving masses or volumes that are given in the same units, e.g., by using drawings (such as a beaker with a measurement scale) to represent the problem.

Students who struggle more with this more challenging activity could have more time to plan and view pictures of actual bridges with the teacher pointing out the structural elements and geometric shapes on these bridges.

6.G.4 Represent three-dimensional figures using nets made up of rectangles and triangles, and use the nets to find the surface area of these figures. Apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems.

CCSS.Math.Content.1.OA.A.1 Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing.

These activities are great to get more parents involved at home with their children's learning. The supplies needed to play these games makes it very easy to do at home. Great for ELL students because it helps equip parents with the same terms and activities being performed in class.

CCSS.Math.Content.4.G.A.2 Classify two-dimensional figures based on the presence or absence of parallel or perpendicular lines, or the presence or absence of angles of a specified size. Recognize right triangles as a category, and identify right triangles

CCSS.Math.Content.4.G.A.1 Draw points, lines, line segments, rays, angles (right, acute, obtuse), and perpendicular and parallel lines. Identify these in two-dimensional figures.

CCSS.Math.Content.6.G.A.3 Draw polygons in the coordinate plane given coordinates for the vertices; use coordinates to find the length of a side joining points with the same first coordinate or the same second coordinate. Apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems.

Geoboards are used to make polygons, angles, and lines. All students, including ELL and low performing students, benefit from the hands on construction of different figures. Allows for lots of repetition.

This is an experiment that is fun to do in class, but it needs to incorporate the scientific method and discussion of the laws of physics in order to be educational.  I would start by explaining Newton's Laws of Motion to the class, writing them on the board, and having students copy them down in their science notebooks.  Then, after they understand the Laws of Motion, set up the egg experiment and talk about what will be going on.  Have the students draw the initial set-up in their journals, then have them make predictions about what will happen when the experiment is conducted.  All of this should be recorded in the journals.  Finally, do the experiment (it would be best if students could work in small groups so that they can conduct the experiment for themselves).  Have them record what happened with words and pictures and identify if their hypothesis was correct or not.  Then explain how this experiment uses the Laws of Motion. This activity could be adapted for special needs kids by allowing them to observe the teacher conducting the experiment rather than doing it themselves.  They could try it by themselves first, but then they should watch the teacher do it so that they are certain to see the experiment conducted correctly. 5.NS.1 Make predictions and formulate testable questions. 5.NS.4 Perform investigations using appropriate tools and technologies that will extend the senses.

5.DP.1 Identify a need or problem to be solved.