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Sean Nash

Are plants intelligent? It depends on the definition | ScienceDaily - 1 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...240612113314.htm

plants science HSR-2025 HSR environmental botany biology potential research idea behavioralscience

shared by Sean Nash on 15 Jun 24 - No Cached
  • When leaf beetle larvae eat goldenrod leaves, the plant emits a chemical that informs the insect that the plant is damaged and is a poor source of food. These airborne chemicals, called volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are also picked up by neighboring goldenrod plants, prompting them to produce their own defenses against the beetle larvae. In this way, goldenrod move herbivores on to neighbors, and distribute damage.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 15 Jun 24
       
      Are these VOCs (volatile organic compounds) detectable by us? If not detectable, they can we identify them... and then produce or purchase those chemicals to test their effects on plant responses?
  • start producing defensive compounds that help the plants fight off insect pests.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 15 Jun 24
       
      It seems to me that I remember hydrogen peroxide being one of these signaling chemicals (at least from one part of a plant to another).
  • When no neighbors are present, the plants don't resort to accelerated growth when eaten and the chemical responses to herbivores are markedly different, though they still tolerate quite high amounts of herbivory.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Neighboring goldenrod also exhibit intelligence when they perceive VOCs that signal the presence of a pest. "The volatile emission coming from a neighbor is predictive of future herbivory," Kessler said. "They can use an environmental cue to predict a future situation, and then act on that."
  • Applying the concept of intelligence to plants can inspire fresh hypotheses about the mechanisms and functions of plant chemical communication, while also shifting people's thinking about what intelligence really means, Kessler said.
  • "What that means is, the brain in the plant is the entire plant without the need of central coordination," Kessler said.
  • "They can smell out their environment very precisely; every single cell can do it, as far as we know,"
  • André Kessler, Michael B. Mueller. Induced resistance to herbivory and the intelligent plant. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 2024; 19 (1) DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2345985
  • Sean Nash on 15 Jun 24
     
    "When goldenrod is eaten by herbivores, it adapts its response based on whether or not another plant is nearby."
Kylie John

Limitation of Cytokinin Export to the Shoots by Nucleoside Transporter ENT3 and Its Lin... - 0 views

www.mdpi.com/350

HSR hormones HSR-2025 botany ZR zeatinriboside environmental

shared by Kylie John on 07 Nov 24 - No Cached
  • Kylie John on 07 Nov 24
     
    "first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Limitation of Cytokinin Export to the Shoots by Nucleoside Transporter ENT3 and Its Linkage with Root Elongation in Arabidopsis by Alla Korobova 1,Bulat Kuluev 2,3,Torsten Möhlmann 4,Dmitriy Veselov 1 andGuzel Kudoyarova 1,3,* 1 Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, RAS, 450054 Ufa, Russia 2 Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, RAS, 450054 Ufa, Russia 3 Biological Department, Bashkir State University, 450076 Ufa, Russia 4 Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Cells 2021, 10(2), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10020350 Submission received: 18 December 2020 / Revised: 1 February 2021 / Accepted: 6 February 2021 / Published: 8 February 2021 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Local and Systemic Signals of Macronutrient and Water Availability Regulating Root Growth and Development) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract The trans-membrane carrier AtENT3 is known to transport externally supplied cytokinin ribosides and thus promote uptake by cells. However, its role in distributing either exogenous or endogenous cytokinins within the intact plant has not hitherto been reported. To test this, we used ent3-1 mutant Arabidopsis seedlings in which the gene is not expressed due to a T-DNA insertion, and examined the effect on the concentration and distribution of either endogenous cytokinins or exogenous trans-zeatin riboside applied to the roots. In the mutant, accumulation of endogenous cytokinins in the roots was reduced and capacity to deliver externally supplied trans-zeatin riboside to the shoots was increased suggesting involvement of equilibrative nucleoside (ENT) transporter in the control of cytokinin distribution in the plants. Roots of ent3-1 were longer in the mutant in association with t
Kylie John

Five Hormones that Control Plant Growth & Development - dummies - 2 views

www.dummies.com/...-signals-plant-hormones-241851

HSR-2025 environmental botany biology

shared by Kylie John on 13 May 24 - No Cached
  • Sean Nash on 13 May 24
     
    Just a SUPER basic overview of phytohormones. The + is that we can obtain ALL of these for use in pure form. The - is that you need to develop a unique question/experimental design.
emmarrogers

Acute toxicity of triazine pesticides to juvenile signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusc... - 0 views

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24362090

crayfish HSR-2025 HSR pesticide environmental

shared by emmarrogers on 13 Sep 24 - No Cached
  • The aim of this research was to evaluate the acute toxicity of atrazine, hexazinone, metribuzine, prometryne, simazine, and terbutryne
  • 96hLC50
    • emmarrogers
      emmarrogers on 17 Sep 24
       
      96 hours for the lethal concentration to kill 50 percent of the population
  • mg.l-1
    • emmarrogers
      emmarrogers on 17 Sep 24
       
      Milligrams per litre
Sean Nash

Airplane Noise Exposure May Increase Risk of Chronic Disease | SPH - 0 views

www.bu.edu/...crease-risk-of-chronic-disease

HSR HSR-2025 airplane noise disease environmental science questions statistical analysis mathematics computer science potential research idea behavioralscience

shared by Sean Nash on 06 Jun 24 - No Cached
  • people who were exposed to higher levels of noise from aircraft were more likely to have a higher body mass index, an indicator for obesity that can lead to stroke or hypertension. The findings highlight how the environment—and environmental injustices—can shape health outcomes
  • self-reported body mass index (BMI)
  • The study is the first to explore a connection between aircraft noise exposure and obesity nationwide in the United States; past studies on this subject have focused on European populations, and results have varied
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 06 Jun 24
       
      It would be interesting to see how these studied varied. I would bet that there are other, stronger factors overlying this effect, and it would be challenging to tease out this signal from other socioeconomic factors, but I very much like this concept.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • “Prior research has shown that aircraft noise can elevate stress responses and disturb sleep, but there has been mixed evidence of any links with body mass index,” says study lead and corresponding author Matthew Bozigar, assistant professor of epidemiology at OSU and a former postdoctoral associate at SPH. “We were surprised to see a fairly robust link between aircraft noise and higher body mass index among women across the US.”
  • These new findings underscore the role of the environment on one’s risk of chronic disease.
  • Junenette Peters, associate professor of environmental health, and colleagues examined airplane noise exposure and self-reported BMI and other individual characteristics among nearly 75,000 participants living around 90 of the major US airports
  • The team examined aircraft noise levels every five years from 1995 to 2010, using a day-night estimate (DNL) that captures the average noise level over a 24-hour period and applies a 10 dB adjustment for aircraft noise occurring at night, when background noise is low.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 06 Jun 24
       
      I'm sure there are low-powered data loggers that measure dB that we could plant in various places (varying distances from airports (or other things... even just distances from population centers in general). This would allow us to not only work with and search for correlations between data points already collected, but also to generate more specific data on our own. The human data might not necessarily have to be collected by us. The challenge might be just to find databases that have already been collected for various reasons. Much science is done in this way, where instead of generating a ton of data to analyze, the researcher used previously collected data to ask new and interesting questions of.
  • Although the team acknowledges that BMI is a suboptimal metric, the independent and strong association between more aircraft noise exposure and higher BMI that they observed is notable.
  • “We can only hypothesize about why we saw these regional variations, but one reason may relate to the era of regional development, building characteristics, and climate which may affect factors such as housing age, design, and level of insulation,” says Peters. “Regional differences in temperature and humidity may influence behaviors such as window opening, so perhaps study participants living in the West were more exposed to aircraft noise due to open windows or housing type, which allowed more noise to penetrate.”
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 06 Jun 24
       
      The really interesting work here would be teasing interesting patterns out of really complex data sets. For example, people living near airports typically live in housing that is less expensive due to the lesser desirability of living in that area. That tends to correlate with lower socio-economic status found near airports. However, this is interesting because the major flightpaths to the KCI airport do not exactly line up in this way. For example, three of the school districts in Missouri that line up with KCI runways (Park Hill Schools - where we live, Platte County Schools, Kearney Schools, Smithville Schools, and the northern part of North Kansas City Schools) are all of a higher than average socioeconomic status than outlying areas closer to the city. This is unusual in major metropolitan areas.
  • Previous data suggest that Black, Hispanic, and low-income populations are disproportionately exposed to aircraft noise. The participants in the NHS study groups were primarily White and of mid-level socioeconomic status. 
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 06 Jun 24
       
      Again, this is a bit different than around most airports. The area immediately surrounding KCI is rather white and mid-to-upper SES.
  • “We need to study the potential health impacts of environmental injustices in transportation noise exposures alongside other environmental drivers of poor health outcomes” Bozigar says. “There is a lot more to figure out, but this study adds evidence to a growing body of literature that noise negatively impacts health.”
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 06 Jun 24
       
      What other environmental factors can be studied either by direct measurement, or by querying previously-collected data to ask/answer questions about environmental health?
Kylie John

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Response to Radiation - PMC - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC9968129

HSR-2025 HSR botany x-rays

shared by Kylie John on 23 Aug 24 - No Cached
  • ROS (Reactive oxygen species) are reactive oxidants in plant cells, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions (O2•−) and hydroxide anion radicals (·OH), which may stimulate the antioxidant system of plants and act as signaling molecules to regulate downstream reactions.
emmarrogers

Effects of the herbicide metolachlor on the perception of chemical stimuli by Orconecte... - 0 views

www.journals.uchicago.edu/...1468482

crayfish HSR-2025 HSR potential research idea pesticide

shared by emmarrogers on 16 Sep 24 - No Cached
  • It is not clear if this interference comes from masking the odor, where the animal cannot detect the signal over the background noise, or if there is a physiological effect on the olfactory receptor cells or neuromusculature that influences the animal’s behavior
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