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At that time, the colonists were divided on whether to fight the French and their Indian allies for control of the land west of the Appalachian Mountains, in what came to be known as the French and Indian War. It became a symbol for the need of organized action against an outside threat posed by the French and Indians in the mid 18th century.

The torture appeared in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1767, when mobs attacked low-level employees of the Customs service with tar and feathers.

was a Patuxet

Tisquantum

Allerton, Isaac Mary (Norris) Allerton, wife (Newbury, Berkshire)[1] Bartholomew Allerton, son (Leiden, Netherlands) Remember Allerton, daughter (Leiden, Netherlands) Mary Allerton, daughter (Leiden, Netherlands), the last survivor of the Mayflower company New International Encyclopedia Bradford, William (Austerfield, Yorkshire) Dorothy (May) Bradford, wife (Wisbech, Cambridgeshire) Brewster, William (Doncaster, Yorkshire) Mary Brewster, wife Love Brewster, son (Leiden, Netherlands) Wrestling Brewster, son (Leiden, Netherlands) Carver, John Catherine (Leggett) (White) Carver, wife (probably Sturton-le-Steeple, Nottinghamshire) Chilton, James (Canterbury)[2] Mrs. Susanna Chilton, wife Mary Chilton, daughter (Sandwich, Kent) Cooke, Francis John Cooke, son (Leiden, Netherlands) Cooper, Humility - (probably Leiden, Netherlands) baby daughter of Robert Cooper, in company of her aunt Ann Cooper Tilley, wife of Edward Tilley[3] Crackstone, John (Stratford St. Mary, Suffolk) John Crackstone, son Fletcher, Moses (probably Canterbury, Kent) Fuller, Edward (Redenhall, Norfolk)[2] Mrs. Edward Fuller, wife Samuel Fuller, son Fuller, Samuel (Redenhall, Norfolk), (brother to Edward) Goodman, John Minter, Desire (Norwich, Norfolk) Priest, Degory Rogers, Thomas (Watford, Northamptonshire) Joseph Rogers, son (Watford, Northamptonshire) Sampson, Henry (Henlow, Bedfordshire) child in company of his uncle and aunt Edward and Ann Tilley[3] Tilley, Edward (Henlow, Bedfordshire) Ann (Cooper) Tilley (Henlow, Bedfordshire) wife of Edward and aunt of Humilty Cooper and Henry Sampson Tilley, John (Henlow, Bedfordshire) Joan (Hurst) (Rogers) Tilley, wife (Henlow, Bedfordshire) Elizabeth Tilley, daughter (Henlow, Bedfordshire) Tinker, Thomas Mrs. Thomas Tinker, wife boy Tinker, son Turner, John boy Turner, son boy Turner, younger son White, William Susanna (Unknown) White , wife Resolved White, son Peregrine White, son (born in Provincetown Harbor) Williams, Thomas, (Great Yarmouth, Norfolk) Winslow, Edward (Droitwich, Worcestershire) Elizabeth (Barker) Winslow, wife

Leiden Congregation and Families

Planters recruited by London merchants Billington, John (possibly Spalding, Lincolnshire) Eleanor Billington, wife John Billington, son Francis Billington, son Britteridge, Richard Browne, Peter (Dorking, Surrey) Clarke, Richard Eaton, Francis (Bristol, Avon (historic: Somerset)) Sarah Eaton, wife Samuel Eaton, son Gardiner, Richard (Harwich, Essex) Hopkins, Stephen (Upper Clatford, Hampshire) Elizabeth (Fisher) Hopkins, wife Giles Hopkins, son by first marriage (Hursley, Hampshire) Constance Hopkins, daughter by first marriage (Hursley, Hampshire) Damaris Hopkins, daughter Oceanus Hopkins, born en route Margesson, Edmund Martin, Christopher (Billericay, Essex) Mary (Prower) Martin, wife Mullins, William (Dorking, Surrey) Alice Mullins, wife Priscilla Mullins, daughter Joseph Mullins, son Prower, Solomon (Billericay, Essex) Rigsdale, John Alice Rigsdale, wife Standish, Myles (Chorley, Lancashire) Rose Standish, wife Warren, Richard (Hertford, England) Winslow, Gilbert (Droitwich, Worcestershire), brother to "Pilgrim" Edward Winslow but not known to have lived in Leiden. [edit] Men hired to stay one year Alden, John (Harwich, Essex) - considered a ship's crewman (he was the ship's cooper) but joined settlers Allerton, John, was listed as a hired man but was apparently related to one of the Pilgrim families onboard, Isaac Allerton's, who all came from Leiden. He sailed in order to settle in North America, and was to return to England to help the rest of the group immigrate, but died during the first winter of the Pilgrims' settlement. He may have been a relative of the "Pilgrim" Allerton family.[4] Ely, Richard, hired as seaman, returned to England after term was up but later returned to New England and died there. He is mentioned briefly as a sailor by name of Ely in "Of Plymouth Plantation." English, Thomas, hired to master a shallop but died in the winter Trevore, William, hired as seaman, returned to England after term was up [edit] Family servants Thirteen of the 18 people in this category were attached to Pilgrim families, the other five were attached to Non-Pilgrim families. Butten, William, age: "a youth", servant of Samuel Fuller, only person who died during the voyage Carter, Robert, age unknown, servant or apprentice to William Mullins, shoemaker. --?--, Dorothy, maidservant of John Carver. Doty, Edward, (possibly Lincolnshire) age probably about 21, servant to Stephen Hopkins Holbeck, William, age likely under 21, servant to William White Hooke, John, (probably Norwich, Norfolk) age 13, apprenticed to Isaac Allerton Howland, John (probably Fenstanton, Huntingdonshire), age about 21, manservant for Governor John Carver Lancemore, John (probably Shropshire or Worcestershire), age under 21, servant to the Christopher Martin Latham, William, age 11, servant/apprentice to the John Carver family Leister, Edward (Kensington), aged over 21, servant to Stephen Hopkins Moore, Ellen, (Shipton, Shropshire), age 8, indentured to Edward Winslow Jasper More, (Shipton, Shropshire), brother, age 7, indentured to John Carver Richard, (Shipton, Shropshire), brother, age 6, indentured to William Brewster Mary, (Shipton, Shropshire), sister, age 4, indentured to William Brewster Soule, George, servant or employee of Edward Winslow Story, Elias, age under 21, in the care of Edward Winslow Thompson, Edward, age under 21, in the care of the William White family, first passenger to die after the Mayflower reached Cape Cod. Wilder, Roger, age under 21, servant in the John Carver family

In all, there were 102 passengers on the Mayflower - 74 men and 28 women

Abigail Adams was born in the North Parish Congregational Church in Weymouth, Massachusetts, on November 11, 1744, to the Rev. William Smith and Elizabeth (née Quincy) Smith. On her mother's side she was descended from the Quincy family, a well-known political family in the Massachusetts colony.

Abigail Adams by Benjamin Blythe, 1766

Although John Adams had known the Smith family since he was a boy (he and Abigail were third cousins[2]), he paid no attention to the delicate child nine years his junior.

Although Abigail's father approved of the match, her mother was appalled that a Smith would throw her life away on a country lawyer whose manners still reeked of the farm; eventually she gave in.

In 10 years she gave birth to six children: Abigail ("Nabby") (1765–1813) John Quincy Adams (1767–1848) Susanna Boylston (1768–1770) Charles (1770–1800) Thomas Boylston Adams (1772–1832) Elizabeth (stillborn in 1777)

In 1784 she and her daughter Nabby joined her husband and her eldest son, John Quincy, at her husband's diplomatic post in Paris.

Abigail Adams died on October 28, 1818, of typhoid fever, several years before her son became president.