On May 22, 1856, Brooks beat Senator Charles Sumner with his Gutta-percha wood walking cane in the Senate chamber
because of a speech
Sumner had made three days earlier, for singling out Brooks' relative, Andrew
Butler.
Preston Smith Brooks (August 5, 1819 – January 27, 1857) was a Democratic Congressman from South Carolina, known for
severely beating Senator Charles Sumner on the floor of the United States
Senate with a cane in response to a perceived insult.
Dred Scott (1799 – September 17, 1858), was a slave in the United States who
sued unsuccessfully in St. Louis, Missouri for his freedom in the infamous Dred Scott v.
Sandford case of 1857.
His case was based on the fact that he and his wife Harriet Scott were slaves
The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States
Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from
one state into another or into a public territory.