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Relationship between R&D Globalization and R&D Virtualization   BibTex | RIS | RefWorks Download Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha The globalization of Research and Development (R&D) is not a recent phenomenon. Since the1960s, for various reasons, companies have been performing some kind of R&D activities outside their home countries. The pressure of globalization competition force producers to continuously innovate and upgrade the quality of existing products. The mega trends like globalization and high demand fluctuation force companies and supply chains to innovate new business models to gain and maintain competitive position. Networking, outsourcing, and information and communication technology are considered as general tools and means to respond to these challenges. The development of powerful ICTs has facilitated globalization. The globalization and the new waves of global trends in economy, services and business along with advances in telecommunications technology have paved the way for the formation and the performance of virtual teams. Virtualization in R&D has recently started to make serious headway due to developments in technology. In this paper the relationship between R&D virtualization and R&D globalization will be discussed. Although most R&D activity has for a long time been concentrated in a few advanced economies, this is now beginning to change and R&D activity is becoming more geographically dispersed and technologically specialized. Finding shows that decision to use a virtual R&D team is often a necessity and not a choice. Published in 2008.

Ebrahim NA, Ahmed S, Taha Z (2009) Virtual teams: a literature review. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 3(3):2653–2669

Net-Challenge is a European research project in the area of collaborative business networks

Literature, Principle and the Basics of Network Value Creation in R&D: The Relationship with Economy Seventh Conference of Industries and Mines R&D Centers - R&D and Network Value Creation, Tehran, Iran, June 29-30, 2008 Nader Ale Ebrahim , Shamsuddin Ahmed and Zahari Taha University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malaya (UM) and University of Malaya (UM) Date Posted: January 13, 2011 Working Paper Series 2 downloads

Virtual R&D Teams: Innovation and Technology Facilitator Engineering Education in 2025, 2009 Nader Ale Ebrahim , Shamsuddin Ahmed and Zahari Taha University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malaya (UM) and University of Malaya (UM) Date Posted: January 13, 2011 Accepted Paper Series 1 downloads

Collaborative networks of organizations provide a basis for competitiveness, world-excellence, and agility in turbulent market conditions. They can support SMEs to identify and exploit new business potential, boost innovation, and increase their knowledge. Networking of SMEs with large-scale enterprises also contributes to the success of the big companies in the global market. Reinforcing the effectiveness of collaborative networks, mostly based on SMEs, and creating the necessary conditions for making them endogenous reality in the European industrial landscape, are key survival factors.