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Jessica Backus-Foster

Tools for Teaching - Fast Feedback - 0 views

  • fast feedback
  • fast feedback
  • Informal sampling of students' comprehension
  • ...29 more annotations...
  • informal requests for constructive criticism
  • how well students are learning the material
  • the effectiveness of your teaching strategies
  • focus on what can be changed during the semester--for example, the pace of the course, turnaround time on exams and assignments, or the level of difficulty of the material
  • three or four weeks after the semester begins
  • teaching a course for the first time or have significantly revised a course you have taught previously, you may want to canvass students as early as three or four weeks after the semester begins
  • Distribute blank index cards during the last five or ten minutes of class
  • Ask students to complete a brief informal questionnaire
  • four to six short-answer or multiple-choice questions
  • issues posed should be ones you can respond to during the term; otherwise your students may develop false expectations about the remainder of the course
  • Consider asking students to list the one or two specific behaviors or incidents that weighed most heavily in their ratings
  • Arrange for your students to be interviewed
  • Select a spokesperson who will also write down the groups' comments. Name something in the course that they find helpful or worthwhile or that has helped their learning. Name something that has hindered their learning and that they would like to see changed. Suggest how the course could be improved
  • groups of five or six
  • Respond quickly to students' comments
  • Consider carefully what students say
  • Let students know what, if anything, will change as a result of their feedback
  • Thank your students for their comments
  • Ask students to write a "minute paper."
  • "What question is uppermost in your mind at the end of today's class?"
  • Ask students to list key concepts or ideas
  • Ask students whether they are understanding you or not
  • avoid the generic "Any questions
  • refrain from posing general questions that might put students on the spot: "Who is lost?"
  • Have students briefly paraphrase a lecture or a reading assignment
  • Ask students to provide a closing summary
  • Encourage students to form study groups.
  • Have students turn in class notes as an assignment
  • Encourage graduate student instructors to give you comments about the course
Diane Gusa

AJET 16(1) McLoughlin and Oliver (2000) - cultural inclusivity - indigenous online learning at tertiary level - 0 views

  • Sites that are 'local' in the sense that they are made in one context and culture, but visited by other cultures Category 2 Sites that are 'international' or designed specifically for cross cultural participation. (See Figure 1.)
  • strive to reach a cross cultural population, and serve the needs of an international audience.
  • the inclusive or perspectives approach which imports the social, cultural and historical perspectives of minority groups, but does not challenge the dominant culture and is therefore cosmetic;
  • ...26 more annotations...
  • technologies are being described as 'cognitive tools', w
  • Situated cognition can be summarised as follows:
  • Learning is situated and contextualised in action and everyday situations;
  • Knowledge is acquired through active participation;
  • Learning is a process of social action and engagement involving ways of thinking, doing and communicating;
  • Learning can be assisted by experts or supportive others and through apprenticeship
  • Learning is a form of participation in social environments.
  • Is cultural pluralism possible in instructional design?
  • cultural variations in interpreting and communicating information are influenced by pedagogical and instructional design decisions, and the cultural dimensions of learning must be constantly problematised and not marginalised (Wild & Henderson, 1997).
  • the inverted curriculum approach which attempts to design an instructional component from the minority perspective but fails to provide the learners with educationally valid experiences as it does not admit them into the mainstream culture;
  • the culturally unidimensional approach which excludes or denies cultural diversity and assumes that educational experiences are the same for minority students as they are for others.
  • Establish flexible and responsive student roles and responsibilities.
  • instructional design model,
  • endorses multiple cultural realities or zones of development (
  • Ten design principles for culturally inclusive instructional design
  • Adopt an epistemology that is consistent with, and supportive of constructivist learning and multiple perspectives.
  • Design authentic learning activities.
  • Create flexible tasks and tools for knowledge sharing.
  • Ensure different forms of support, within and outside the community.
  • multiple cultural model of instructional design. T
  • Provide communication tools and social interaction for learners to co-construct knowledge.
  • Create tasks for self direction, ownership and collaboration.
  • Ensure flexible tutoring and mentoring roles that are responsive to learner needs.
  • Create access to varied resources to ensure multiple perspectives. This can be achieved by moving away from instructivist approaches where all texts are prescribed by the teacher to constructive approaches where learners actively add to the resources by posting new URL's, suggesting additional resources of interest and discussing alternatives through the bulletin boards. For indigenous learners the creation and inclusion of the indigenous perspectives is an important dimension and a means of recognising and integrating cultural knowledge.
  • Provide flexibility in learning goals, outcomes and modes of assessment.
  • Culturally inclusive Web based environments should provide learning activities, supportive contexts, and learning processes that allow for inclusivity and flexibility, while offering learners a scaffolded, structured learning environment. To achieve this balance, instructional designers need to move beyond the narrowly prescriptive boundaries of current instructional design models. It is proposed that a multiple cultural model of design that caters for diversity, flexibility and cultural inclusivity in the design process affirms the social and cultural dimensions of constructed meaning.
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    "Designing learning environments for cultural inclusivity: A case study of indigenous online learning at tertiary level"
Joy Quah Yien-ling

Teacher as Facilitator - 1 views

  • Develop student learning opportunities. This takes into account the course documents, the teacher's personal theories of teaching and learning, the student’s interest, their preferred learning styles and their understanding and skills. It is in this area that the teacher as facilitator is able to provide opportunities for student learning that will take hold of the students' interests and thus motivate them to engage in the learning opportunity. Harrison (1998a & b) has presented the S.P.A.C.E. model for creating optimal learning conditions. The conditions for optimal learning include the following: Self-affimation – the learner’s view themselves as effective learners and the teachers provide them with feedback to that effect; Personal meaning – the learners are able to find personal meaning in the learning. That is, the learning is relevant to them; Active learning - the learners are active in the learning, whether that activity is physically doing something (as for concrete learners) or intellectually doing something (as for abstract reflective learners). Collaborative – the learners are able to collaborate with others in the learning process and not to view learning as an isolating experience; Empowering – the learners are able to shape the learning process, to have control over what is learnt and the direction of the learning.
  • The role of the teacher is diverse and has several orientations. One important aspect is that of facilitator of student learning. The facilitator attempts to provide circumstances that will enable students to engage with the learning opportunities and construct for themselves their understandings and skills. This role will interact with those of teacher as learner, colleague and community partner.
  • A student’s beliefs about the nature of teaching and learning will interact with a teacher’s beliefs. The teacher therefore needs to understand what students expect and are willing to do as well as what they themselves expect of the students.
    • Shoubang Jian
       
      I like this statement. I've never thought of the importance of a dialogue between student's and teacher's idea of teaching and learning.
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      so, shoubang... how can an instructor understand what students expect? How will you understand what your students expect? What do you expect of your students and more importantly how will they know what you expect? What mechanisms have i used in this course to achieve both of these ends?
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    • Joy Quah Yien-ling
       
      Anticipating and providing students with space to make mistakes is important. Skills and knowledge take some time to assimilate. Packing a course too tightly may deprive students of the chance to experiment and explore and to reposition, when necessary.
  •  
    Learning and collaboration
  •  
    One mechanism you use, I think, to achieve this is to have all discussion and activity forums be completely open to all in the class. Thus the optimal learning conditions are created by creating open pathways for each person to see ways to deepen their thinking and get more from the course material.
  •  
    It is explicit in the expectations and get the most documents of the course what you expect from your students, and how they can succeed, that is important. But how the teacher know what the students expect I think it is more difficult, maybe asking them explicitly, and provide spaces for them to talk Between them, to make comments and suggestions.
Diane Gusa

Engaging students by answering their needs. - 0 views

  • Survival (food, clothing, shelter, breathing, personal safety and others) and four fundamental psychological needs: Belonging/connecting/love Power/significance/competence Freedom/autonomy, and Fun/learning
  • Survival (food, clothing, shelter, breathing, personal safety and others) and four fundamental psychological needs: Belonging/connecting/love Power/significance/competence Freedom/autonomy, and Fun/learning
  • . All we can give another person is information.
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  • also believed in the importa
  • An example of Choice Theory and education are Sudbury Model schools
  • tudents of all ages determine what they will do, as well as when, how, and where they will do it.
  •  
    also see Sudbury school
Catherine Strattner

Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning Domains - 0 views

  • This taxonomy of learning behaviors can be thought of as “the goals of the learning process.” That is, after a learning episode, the learner should have acquired new skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes.
  • Analysis: Separates material or concepts into component parts so that its organizational structure may be understood. Distinguishes between facts and inferences. Examples: Troubleshoot a piece of equipment by using logical deduction. Recognize logical fallacies in reasoning. Gathers information from a department and selects the required tasks for training. Key Words: analyzes, breaks down, compares, contrasts, diagrams, deconstructs, differentiates, discriminates, distinguishes, identifies, illustrates, infers, outlines, relates, selects, separates. Synthesis: builds a structure or pattern from diverse elements. Put parts together to form a whole, with emphasis on creating a new meaning or structure. Examples: Write a company operations or process manual. Design a machine to perform a specific task. Integrates training from several sources to solve a problem. Revises and process to improve the outcome. Key Words: categorizes, combines, compiles, composes, creates, devises, designs, explains, generates, modifies, organizes, plans, rearranges, reconstructs, relates, reorganizes, revises, rewrites, summarizes, tells, writes. Evaluation: Make judgments about the value of ideas or materials. Examples: Select the most effective solution. Hire the most qualified candidate. Explain and justify a new budget. Key Words: appraises, compares, concludes, contrasts, criticizes, critiques, defends, describes, discriminates, evaluates, explains, interprets, justifies, relates, summarizes, supports.
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    Bloom's Taxonomy and designing/writing objectives, but how do we evaluate how well students employ the higher order thinking skills?
Lisa Martin

Levels of Processing - 0 views

  • We can process information in 3 ways: Shallow Processing - This takes two forms 1. Structural processing (appearance) which is when we encode only the physical qualities of something.  E.g. the typeface of a word or how the letters look. 2. Phonemic processing – which is when we encode its sound. Shallow processing only involves maintenance rehearsal (repetition to help us hold something in the STM) and leads to fairly short-term retention of information.  This is the only type of rehearsal to take place within the multi-store model. Deep Processing - This involves 3. Semantic processing, which happens when we encode the meaning of a word and relate it to similar words with similar meaning. Deep processing involves elaboration rehearsal which involves a more meaningful analysis (e.g. images, thinking, associations etc.) of information and leads to better recall. For example, giving words a meaning or linking them with previous knowledge.
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    Three levels of processing new information.
Jessica Backus-Foster

STUDENT SELF-EVALUATION: WHAT RESEARCH SAYS AND WHAT PRACTICE SHOWS - 1 views

  • Self-evaluation is defined as students judging the quality of their work, based on evidence and explicit criteria, for the purpose of doing better work in the future.
  • enhanced self-efficacy and increased intrinsic motivation
  • Do students self-evaluate fairly? Many teachers, parents, and students believe that if students have a chance to mark their own work they will take advantage, giving themselves higher scores regardless of the quality of their performance. We have found that students, especially older ones, may do this if left to their own devices. but, when students are taught systematic self-evaluation procedures, the accuracy of their judgment improves. Contrary to the beliefs of many students, parents, and teachers, students' propensity to inflate grades decreases when teachers share assessment responsibility and control (Ross, et al., 2000). When students participate in the identification of the criteria that will be used to judge classroom production and use these criteria to judge their work, they get a better understanding of what is expected. The result is the gap between their judgments and the teacher's is reduced. And, by focusing on evidence, discrepancies between teacher and self-evaluation can be negotiated in a productive way.
    • Jessica Backus-Foster
       
      this is what I was wondering
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  • E. Is simply requiring self-evaluation enough, or do students have to be taught how to evaluate their work accurately? Students harbor misconceptions about the self-evaluation process (e.g., the role that evidence plays). As a result, self-evaluation is unlikely to have a positive impact on achievement if these misconceptions are not addressed by teaching students how to evaluate their work. Simply requiring self-evaluation is unlikely to have an effect on achievement. Students have to be taught how to evaluate their work accurately and need time to develop the appropriate skills.
    • Jessica Backus-Foster
       
      this is the important part...to really get the full benefits, we have to teach students the process and make them part of the process
  • G. What is the greatest challenge for teachers incorporating self-evaluation into their assessment repertoires? One of the greatest challenges for teachers is the recalibration of power that occurs when assessment decisions are shared. Data collected in one of our projects (Ross et al., 1998a) suggested that teachers found it difficult to share control of evaluation decision-making, a responsibility at the core of the teacher's authority. Such difficulty may be due to the fact that teaching students to be self-evaluators involves the implementation of fundamental changes in the relationship between teachers and students in the classroom. Changing root beliefs, behaviors and relationships is difficult and takes time. Accordingly, another challenge is time. Teachers need considerable time to work out how to accommodate an innovation that involves sharing control of a core teacher function with their existing beliefs about teacher and learner roles. As well, students need time to understand what self-evaluation is and how it relates to their learning, in addition to learning how to do it.
  • STAGE 1- Involve students in defining the criteria that will be used to judge their performance
  • STAGE 1- Involve students in defining the criteria that will be used to judge their performance.
  • STAGE 1- Involve students in defining the criteria that will be used to judge their performance.
  • STAGE 2- Teach students how to apply the criteria to their own work.
Sue Rappazzo

PREPARING OR REVISING A COURSE - 0 views

  • fter you have "packed" all your topics into a preliminary list, toss out the excess baggage. Designing a course is somewhat like planning a transcontinental trip. First, list everything that you feel might be important for students to know, just as you might stuff several large suitcases with everything that you think you might need on a trip.
  • Distinguish between essential and optional material.
  • Cut to the chase. Go for the most critical skills or ideas and drop the rest
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  • Devise a logical arrangement for the course content.
  • Prepare a detailed syllabus. Share the conceptual framework, logic, and organization of your course with students by distributing a syllabus. See "The Course Syllabus."
  • Stark and others (1990) offer additional sequencing patterns, suggesting that topics may be ordered according to the following: How relationships occur in the real world How students will use the information in social, personal, or career settings How major concepts and relationships are organized in the discipline How students learn How knowledge has been created in the field
  • List all class meetings.
  • elect appropriate instructional methods for each class meeting. Instead of asking, What am I going to do in each class session? focus on What are students going to do? (Bligh, 1971). Identify which topics lend themselves to which types of classroom activities, and select one or more activities for each class session: lectures; small group discussions; independent work; simulations, debates, case studies, and role playing; demonstrations; experiential learning activities; instructional technologies; collaborative learning work, and so on. (See other tools for descriptions of these methods.) For each topic, decide how you will prepare the class for instruction (through reviews or previews), present the new concepts (through lectures, demonstrations, discussion), have students apply what they have learned (through discussion, in-class writing activities, collaborative work), and assess whether students can put into practice what they have learned (thro
Tera

The effectiveness of m-learning in the form of podcast revision lectures in higher education - 5 views

  • Statistical analysis of the results of the study indicates that students believe that podcasts are more effective revision tools than their textbooks and they are more efficient than their own notes in helping them to learn. They also indicate that they are more receptive to the learning material in the form of a podcast than a traditional lecture or textbook. The study suggests that the use of podcasts as a revision tool has clear benefits as perceived by undergraduate students in terms of the time they take to revise and how much they feel they can learn. Coupled with the advantages of flexibility in when, where and how it is used, podcasting appears to have significant potential as an innovative learning tool for adult learners in Higher Education
Melissa Pietricola

Instructional Methods - 0 views

  •  
    Various Methods to be used by professors. breaks down teacher-centered vs. learner-centered suggestions and definitions.
Joan Erickson

Table of Trigonometric Identities - 0 views

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    table of trig identities and definitions, students can use this table for exam/HW, no need to memorize!
Diane Gusa

ISJ 27: MYTHS ABOUT ONLINE EDUCATION: - 0 views

  • Online education, on the other hand, is declared to be “a more student-centered, collabora- tive, and egalitarian learning environment” (Weisenberg & Hutton, 1996). In this new paradigm, students become self-motivated managers of their own learning instead of passive bystanders, with the ability to select learning activities that best fit their backgrounds, interests, and careers
  • (Zhang and Nunamaker, 2003), while instructors move away from the roles of an oracle, lecturer, and purveyor of knowledge toward those of a facilitator, guide, and mentor (Bernard et al., 2000; Eastmond, 1996; Leidner & Jarvenpaa, 1995; Murphy & Cifuentes, 2001; Raymond, 2000; Shedletsky & Aitken, 2001; Weisenberg & Hutton, 1996). In essence, it is believed that the online forum breaks down the teacher-student hierarchy (Weisenberg & Hutton, 1996).
  • Our conclusion after reviewing the various points of view on this issue is that the notion of stu- dent-centeredness needs to be further clarified before one can even start determining whether or not the student-centered philosophy is a precondition for effective online IS courses
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • This myth, somewhat related to myth #2, arises from and also reinforces the belief regarding the (allegedly) changing role of faculty.
  • This myth therefore implies that Page 11 Sarker & Nicholson 65 online education either automatically enables a change, or at the very least, requires a change in attitude/approach of the instructor in order to be effective
  • Our own conclusion is that the “guide” versus “sage” debate reflects deep-rooted assumptions and philosophical beliefs regarding the nature of education, including online education, rather than empirical reality associating pedagogical style and effectiveness of courses delivered over different media. I
Melissa Pietricola

Self-regulation and teacher-student relationships. - Free Online Library - 1 views

  • sed with gatekeeping. It is essential, therefore, to establish a consensus on a conceptual and theoretical underpinning un·der·pin·ning  n.1. Material or masonry used to support a structure, such as a wall.2. A support or foundation. Often used in the plural.3. Informal The human legs. Often used in the plural.  for effective teaching. This review is designed
  • elf-regulation is the process by which individuals make their plans, act upon those plans, and self-evaluate the results.
  • he more autonomous the individual the more intrinsic the self-regulation. Student achievement also improves when students are intrinsically motivated and when teachers are autonomy supportive (
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • The importance of this project within the context of education is due to the capacity that teachers have to positively or negatively affect student motivation, self-regulation, autonomy, and ultimately, performance
  • since effective teaching and mentoring helps students to explore their world with a sense of trust and autonomy, toward the ultimate goal of fully intrinsic self-regulation and improved academic achievement and success.
  • something transformative in the teacher-student relationship is needed.
  • ound that caring relationships, meaningful participation, and high standards in a student's life across home, school, and community, as well as student intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies, predicted decreased risk for delinquency delinquencyCriminal behaviour carried out by a juvenile. Young males make up the bulk of the delinquent population (about 80% in the U.S.) in all countries in which the behaviour is reported. ..... Click the link for more information., substance abuse, teen pregnancy, truancy and violence.
  • he payoff or incentive for doing the project proposed in this study is at least in part to avoid the cost of not doing it, not to mention that student learning and success are enhanced. Higher education higher educationStudy beyond the level of secondary education. Institutions of higher education include not only colleges and universities but also professional schools in such fields as law, theology, medicine, business, music, and art.  achievement has a direct payoff in terms of careers and productivity for the state, and by implementing this program students will not only become productive members of society, they will be doing so because they want to.
  • he purpose of this review, therefore, was to establish such a theory, by pulling together educational psychology and psychological theories around an analysis of effective teacher-student relationships. The goal of this project is to help teachers and to help students. It is also hoped that these findings will be used to resolve historical tensions between education and psychology
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    Students that are able form good relationships with educators are more likely to self-regulate, and therefore find success in the classroom and life.
Heather Kurto

Analysis of a Rubric for Assessing Depth of Classroom Reflections - 0 views

  • Retention and transfer of learned material are important—although too often merely implicit—goals of classes at the university level. Factors that enhance retention and transfer of learning are now key areas of research, and one frequently recommended method of enhancing these goals is to incorporate reflection into classroom practices (Saito & Miwa, 2007
  • Boyle, Duffy, and Dunleavy (2003) demonstrated that deep learners are characterized by being intrinsically motivated, able to relate new materials to previously learned information, and able to critically evaluate information; deep learning is also positively related to grade point average (GPA) and average exam scores
  • Finally, reflection has been linked
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • incorporating reflections into the classroom is an important opportunity to increase depth of learning in the classroom. This study adds to this growing body of literature by presenting a new method for collecting and assessing reflections to make this incorporation more feasible
  • to deeper thinking (Short & Rinehart, 1993
  • Retention and transfer of learning are two variables related to knowledge, and their relationship to reflections should be studied explicitly rather than inferred from correlates (e.g., the relationship between reflection depth and GPA)
diane hamilton

Teach - 0 views

  • The M-BOD scenarios sketched out above differ from those described in the EL section in that the former take seriously the role of desire in student learning. In the M-BOD scenarios, students resource their creative and dramatic selves to become their own guides in working out the meaning(s) of History, ethics, bullying, etc. This learning is “deep” because it involves the body in several ways: Sometimes bodies actually get up and move through space (i.e., the walking dance or doing field research) Students are prompted to respond to situations more than follow directions; these situations require them to “read” other people and multiple texts and contexts Students’ formal presentations (their strategic, other-directed productions) elicit actual responses from people, which (whether good or bad, or a mix) then require some expression and reflection back to Discussion of "Situating M-BOD"       Preface One: Situating Embodied Learning Two: Case Study: Oliver Identity and Learning: “Follow What I Am Doing: Do The Rules That I’m Doing: It’s Very CoM-pli-cated” Improvisational/Feedback "1,2,3...16, 17,18, NineTEEN" Innovation: “I Can Look At Your Cards” Producelike behavior: "Why Do The Make Queen better Than Jack?" Conclusion: "The bricolage, The Music, The Movement" Three: Implications for the Literacy Autobiography Assignment              
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    example of embodied learning and distinguishing it from traditional learning and experiential learning
Diane Gusa

Rubrics - 1 views

  • A rubric is an authentic assessment tool used to measure students' work. It is a scoring guide that seeks to evaluate a student's performance based on the sum of a full range of criteria rather than a single numerical score.
  • It is a formative type of assessment because it becomes an ongoing part of the whole teaching and learning process.
  • use a range to rate performance.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • focus on measuring a stated objective
  • contain specific performance characteristics arranged in levels indicating the degree to which a standard has been met (Pickett and Dodge).
  • improve students' end products
  • provide the scaffolding necessary to improve the quality of their work and increase their knowledge.
  • help students become better judges of the quality of their own work.
  • allow assessment to be more objective and consistent.
  • force the teacher to clarify his/her criteria in specific terms.
  • provide students with more informative feedback about their strengths and areas in need of improvement.
Joan Erickson

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MOTIVATION - 1 views

  • Incentives motivate learning
  • Internal motivation is longer lasting
  • Learning is most effective when an individual is ready to learn
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Motivation is enhanced by the way in which the instructional material is organized
  • produces a mild level of anxiety
  • It is important to help each student set goals and to provide informative feedback regarding progress toward the goals
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    how to use motivation to help students achieve learning
Joy Quah Yien-ling

MODELS FOR ACTIVITIES AND COLLABORATION IN WIKI ENVIRONMENTS IN ACADEMIC COURSES - 1 views

  • Cooperation (1): the simplest collaborative model (Dillenbourg, 1999; Schneider et. al, 2003) and the basis for all the other models.   In this model, most of the work is performed individually. Every student creates a Wiki page, writing and editing only his/her page and share his/her product with his peers.
  • Collaboration and Cooperation (2): in this model, the degree of collaboration is higher than in the previous model, because all students are required to work together on the same content, in groups or as one group, and to edit and improve it together (Dillenbourg, 1999; Schneider et. al, 2003).
  • Cooperation, Collaboration and  Peer-Assessment (3): in the final model,  the most complex of all, collaboration is implemented with respect to all dimensions: product, process and assessment. Students work in groups or alone, upload information to Wiki, edit each other’s products and provide peer feedback about the parts that they did not write (Dominick, Reilly & McGourty, 1997; Morgan & O’reilly, 1999).
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    The article proposes three models for cooperation in Wiki environments. But this is also salient for online collaboration.
Lisa Martin

Memory Psychology - 0 views

  • There are three main ways in which information can be encoded (changed): 1. Visual (picture) 2. Acoustic (sound) 3. Semantic (meaning)
    • Lisa Martin
       
      Online learning can address all three ways of encoding information.
b malczyk

Social ecological model - Micro, Mezzo, Macro - 0 views

  • Microsystems consist of individual or interpersonal features
  • Mesosystems are the organizational or institutional factors that shape or structure the environment within which the individual and interpersonal relations occur
  • Macrosystems are the cultural contexts (Bronfenbrenner, 1979), not solely geographically or physically, but emotionally and ideologically
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