Janis-field feeling of inadequacy scaleJanis and Field [3] defined self-esteem as "a person's feelings of social adequacy." This scale consisted of a person's feelings of social adequacy: anxiety in social situation, self-consciousness and feelings of personal worthlessness. Janis-Field Feeling of Inadequacy Scale comprises questions about 23 different items, and evaluations are made using a five-level scale

Sharon believed it no longer provided the direction required for the school to be successful

Some people argued that the current statement of purpose was sufficient. Others maintained that no one would ever read it and that preparing one would waste time and effort. A few board members suggested that mission statements were impractical, academic exercises.

With the pedagogical learning model, students do not take the initiative to acquire new knowledge, rather they wait until the educator believes that they are ready to absorb new ideas, subjects and practices. In this model, the learning orientation of a student is centered around the subjects studied, content of the instructional materials, and teacher experiences that are required to reach their academic goal, and any learning motivation that they possess usually comes from an external source, i.e., grades, favorable or unfavorable rewards from parents or teachers, and family duress.

An adult learner must first investigate why they must undertake the learning task, and assess the possible positive or negative outcomes associated with learning this body of knowledge, or not. Once this has been accomplished, the adult learner will focus an extreme amount of energy and time into the task of obtaining this knowledge, and be responsible for his own decisions with regards to that knowledge. Adults possess a deep desire to be recognized as self-disciplined, self-motivated, and independent self-helping individuals. If they are treated like the students in the pedagogical learning model, they become psychologically conflicted as the need to be independent and self-focused battles with the dependency that was established in early on in their education.

The andragogical learning model was designed to encompass the adult learner, and it works extremely well in that capacity, however, there are instances where a pedagogical model can be more appropriate for the adult learner, i.e., when learning unfamiliar subject matter.

Subjectively, we feel this acceleration of time, we grew up in a slower paced world and it was easier for us to adapt to change. Today we are bombarded with information, products, events and it’s sometimes hard to keep up. It may be easier for some, harder for others

Think about the news, communications and mass media. Since the internet became mainstream the way information is shared has changed radically. News one day old is already OLD. News is being produced in real time; worldwide communications are in real time too. Even more, there is more news everywhere. And it’s not that some years ago nothing happened. It’s that it’s become easier to broadcast them, allowing us to dramatically increase the information that can be distributed to the world.

The younger generations have a less daunting task, mainly because they were raised in this wired/online world. They are accustomed to it.

According to Vygotsky (1978), much important learning by the child occurs through social interaction with a skillful tutor. The tutor may model behaviors and/or provide verbal instructions for the child. Vygotsky refers to this as co-operative or collaborative dialogue. The child seeks to understand the actions or instructions provided by the tutor (often the parent or teacher) then internalizes the information, using it to guide or regulate their own performance.

The more knowledgeable other (MKO) is somewhat self-explanatory; it refers to someone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, with respect to a particular task, process, or concept. 

This is an important concept that relates to the difference between what a child can achieve independently and what a child can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.