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Since the 1970s, cognitive psychological perspectives have dominated pedagogical frameworks and models for designing technology-mediated teaching and learning environments. More recently, social learning perspectives have received attention as viable or even desirable frames for research and practice related to teaching and learning, particularly in Web-based learning environments (WBLEs). In this article, the authors analyze these social learning perspectives and how they can be used in the design and implementation of online learning.

Online education has become increasingly popular in higher education, which is a trend that will continue as more universities have begun to heavily invest in online teaching due to student demand. While best practices for implementing online instruction are well documented in previous literature, factors identified in this review of literature serve as reminders that should be considered by higher education faculty to enhance the quality of their online courses. Teaching online requires a faculty member to think differently about teaching and learning, learn a host of new technological skills, and engage in ongoing faculty development for design and development of quality online instruction.

Fred Rovai, a native of San Jose, California, received a MS degree (education) and PhD degree (urban services with a concentration in academic leadership) from Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia; a MA degree (public administration) from the University of Northern Colorado; and a BA degree (mathematics) from San Jose State University. He also completed postgraduate work in systems management at the University of Southern California, graduated from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, and possesses a postgraduate professional license in mathematics from the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Should the Board of Regents add a new section 100.5(d)(10) of the Commissioner's Regulations to prescribe requirements for awarding units of credit for student completion of online and blended courses?

disadvantages to online courses and teaching