measurable criteria that can be counted or
marked as present or not present in the work that is being evaluated.
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Rubrics as Effective Learning and Assessment Tools Laura Baker - 1 views
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This allows the rubric to be used as an ongoing dialog between the teacher and student and allows the student to know when each criterion has been met and then make improvements as needed. (Lockett, 2001)
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Although allowing student involvement in creating rubrics is time consuming, by allowing students a voice in creating their own rubric, the students have more ownership over their own learning and evaluation.
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will be easier for the students to understand due to the fact that the students are the ones supplying the language for the criteria
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when there is a wide range of variation between quality work and work that is not yet proficient.
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writing assignments, use of scientific inquiry, problem solving, performance based learning, and presentations
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that teachers scoring the same set of papers using the same rubric have a correlation value beyond 0.80
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Students should be given rubrics at the beginning of an assignment because rubrics not only are valuable to teachers because they help in more consistent grading, but are helpful to students as well.
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Holistic rubrics are quicker to use than analytical rubrics because holistic rubrics don’t break down the task.
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better diagnostic information and provide students more feedback about how to make his or her work better
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Analytical rubrics, on the other hand, break down the final project into parts
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empowered to take more responsibility for their own learning.
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Section 1: Course Structure and Content - 1 views
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Martinez (2001) has documented some key design considerations for personalized learning on the web. Martinez makes the following suggestions: “For transforming learners, design environments that are sophisticated, discovery-oriented, mentoring environments where learners who want to be assertive, challenged by complex problem solving situations, and able to self-manage learning and self-monitor progress can attain higher standard, long-term goals. For performing learners, design environments that are project- or task-oriented, energizing, competitive, interactive (hands on) environments, which use coaching, practice, and feedback to encourage self-motivation, holistic thinking, problem solving, self-monitoring progress, and task sequencing, while minimizing the need for extra effort and difficult standards. For conforming learners, design environments that are simple, scaffolded, structured, non-risk environments that use explicit, careful guidance. They should help individuals learn comfortably in an easy, step-wise fashion. These environments should also encourage learners to take assertive, challenging steps towards more independent, self-motivated achievement.”
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The Application of Learning Style Theory in Higher Education Teaching - 0 views
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A learning style is: "A complexus of related characteristics in which the whole is greater than its parts. Learning style is a gestalt combining internal and external operations derived from the individual's neurobiology, personality and development, and reflected in learner behaviour" (Keefe & Ferrell 1990, p. 16).
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general tendency towards a particular learning approach displayed by an individual.
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Riding & Cheema (1991), from an extensive review of the literature, conclude there are only two principal styles "families", the holist-analytic, and the verbaliser-imager. These two broad groupings relate to the type of cognitive activities normally ascribed to the two hemispheres of the brain. Curry (1983) suggests there are three different perspectives on styles: those relating to a preference for a particular instructional approach, those relating to the individual's intellectual approach to assimilating information independently of the environment, and those relating to the individual's intellectual approach to assimilating information with the environment.
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Dunn, Deckinger, Withers & Katzenstein (1990), who found that teaching students based on their diagnosed learning style did significantly increase their achievement level (see also Napolitano 1986).
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Research indicates learning style is not a stable construct, so one may alter instructional style to meet a learning style that will itself change, requiring a further change in instructional strategy.
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Researchers have failed to address the question of how it is possible to achieve a tailoring of instructional approaches on anything other than an individual level.
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What may be possible is to promote an educational environment developed for flexibility at the individual student level.
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What is required is a stimulus-stimulus approach, where the student and the lecturer are actively involved in both learning and the mechanics of the learning process, the aim being to facilitate learner empowerment by developing in students a critical awareness of material studied and the delivery and structure of the material. Learners can then tailor flexible education strategies to their requirements to optimise the quality of the learning experience.
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his ability of an individual to actively select from a personal style or skills portfolio, is part of what can be termed self-directed learning
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In an educational setting, a self-directed learner no longer operates as a passive receiver of information, but takes responsibility for the achievement, and ultimately setting, of learning outcomes. In essence, the traditional lecturer-student divide becomes increasingly blurred, as the learner begins to pro-actively structure the programme to match their own learning attributes.
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facilitator, and finally to that of a resource to be tapped
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lecturer's role
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Under such an approach, higher education ceases to be simply something that is done to people, and becomes a platform from which individuals can go on to, in effect, educate themselves
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"causer of learning".
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This approach will tend to create learned helplessness in people
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Higher education should be concerned with not only enhancing learning in a specific situation, but should also constitute a catalyst for further self-initiated development of the individual, above and beyond the contents and aims of a particular course. T
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The lecturer must avoid removing traditional barriers to self-direction, such as a rigid programme structure, only to erect new barriers through the use of prescriptive self-direction strategies imposed on the student.
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allow the individual the freedom to define and devise learning strategies, and to make mistakes. T
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The role of the lecturer must be essentially non-interventionist, unless the student seeks guidance
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as people may still not choose to direct their own learning due to: a lack of belief in their own ability, a failure by them to recognise that self-direction is needed or preferable, the setting of an inappropriate learning goal(s) that fails to act as a motivator, and previous learning and education experiences.
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That educational system primarily tends to concentrate on didactic approaches that often view learning as being of secondary importance to memory, where information acquisition and subsequent information regurgitation predominate.
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This will require that the lecturer breaks down barriers to learning and self-direction that may be present. This covers: those barriers created by the student during the course (wrong choice of learning approach, poor motivation, lack of confidence), those barriers that the course itself may indirectly create (lack of flexibility, lack of direction and guidance, poor structure), and those barriers that the student brings to the course (reason for attending the course, poor learning skills, previous bad learning experiences).
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In the initial stages of a programme, the lecturer will need to ensure the existence of an appropriate control structure, as students undergo the transition from being other-directed in their learning by external influences, to being self-directed.
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caffold structure
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clearly communicated and understood aims and objectives for the students at regular intervals.
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allows students to progressively take control of their learning,
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but that also offers sufficient guidance and direction in the early stages to prevent individuals from becoming lost.
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The application of learning style theory in higher education teaching
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This would take a very brave instructor to do this. However, I know of colleges (Goddard for one) that does exactly this in their graduate program.
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