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Summer Rae

Mouse Study Reveals New Clues about Virulence of 1918 Influenza Virus - 1 views

www.niaid.nih.gov/...1918mouse.aspx

mouse study influenza reveals virus Disease

shared by Summer Rae on 18 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • The first comprehensive analysis of an animal’s immune response to the 1918 influenza virus provides new insights into the killer flu, report federally supported scientists in an article appearing online today in the journal Nature. Key among these insights, they found that the 1918 virus triggers a hyperactive immune response that may contribute to the lethality of the virus.  Furthermore, their results suggest that it is the combination of all eight of the 1918 flu virus genes interacting synergistically that accounts for the exceptional virulence of this virus.
  • Summer Rae on 18 Apr 14
     
    About how Influenza could have been spread by rats.
Gage DuVall

Yellow fever and Max Theiler: the only Nobel Prize for a virus vaccine - 0 views

jem.rupress.org/...2779.full

shared by Gage DuVall on 28 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • In 1951, Max Theiler of the Rockefeller Foundation received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of an effective vaccine against yellow fever—a discovery first reported in the JEM 70 years ago. This was the first, and so far the only, Nobel Prize given for the development of a virus vaccine. Recently released Nobel archives now reveal how the advances in the yellow fever vaccine field were evaluated more than 50 years ago, and how this led to a prize for Max Theiler.
  • In 1951, Max Theiler of the Rockefeller Foundation received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of an effective vaccine against yellow fever—a discovery first reported in the JEM 70 years ago. This was the first, and so far the only, Nobel Prize given for the development of a virus vaccine. Recently released Nobel archives now reveal how the advances in the yellow fever vaccine field were evaluated more than 50 years ago, and how this led to a prize for Max Theiler.
  • Gage DuVall on 28 Apr 14
     
    Who invented a vaccine for yellow fever
andrew avila

Typhus Fever: An Overlooked Diagnosis - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2761786

shared by andrew avila on 18 Apr 14 - No Cached
    • andrew avila
      andrew avila on 18 Apr 14
       
      history of typhoid
  • On admission, the patient was alert and oriented with high fever (40 °C); no pallor, jaundic
  • In February 2008, a previously-healthy 20-year old adult labourer with complaints of acute watery
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Hospital of ICDDR,B. He received unspecified medicines at home. No significant past illness was reported.
  • diarrhoea and high continued fever for five days was admitted to the Longer Stay Unit of the Dhaka
  • After 24 hours, the patient was found to be toxic, highly febrile, and developed conjunctival injection (subconjunctival haemorrhage) (Fig.). So, a differential of dengue and typhus fever was considered.
  • Laboratory investigation showed that total white blood-cell count (TWBC) was 3,000/mm3 with polymorphs–80%, band–4%, lymp–14%, and monocyte–2%.
  • Random blood glucose on admission was 9.0 mmol/L. Complete blood count, blood for culture, and rectal swab for culture were requested, and intravenous (IV) ceftriaxone was started.
  • His problems were listed as: (a) acute watery diarrhoea and (b) fever.Clinical impression was enteric fever with a differential of viral fever
  • On examination, his breath sounds were vesicular, with no added sounds. Abdomen was soft and non-tender, and bowel sounds were active. Liver and spleen were not palpable. Other systemic examination revealed no abnormality
  • cyanosis was noted. His radial pulse was 120 bpm, regular and good in volume; respiration rate was 24 per minute; and BP was 100/50 mm Hg.
jace givens

100 Years: The Rockefeller Foundation | Yellow Fever · Health - 0 views

rockefeller100.org/...yellow-fever

Yellow fever

shared by jace givens on 18 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • In 1915 the International Health Division (IHD) made the research and eradication of yellow fever and malaria its top priorities. While the organization achieved success in both campaigns, its yellow fever initiative yielded the clearest positive results. Before World War II, the IHD expended half of its budget on yellow fever programs, which culminated in the development of a successful yellow fever vaccine. This funding also contributed to the building of a wide and effective network of research laboratories, as well as the development of important scientific careers through support for individual fellowships. 
  • Mosquito transmission as the cause of yellow fever was first proposed by Carlos Finlay in 1881 and proven by Major Walter Reed of the US Army in 1900. This discovery led General William C. Gorgas to implement anti-mosquito measures while supervising the building of the Panama Canal; earlier attempts at construction had failed partly because of the prevalence of yellow fever among workers.  Once the canal was completed, many public health experts feared that increased international travel and shipping would lead to a sudden expansion of the disease.
  • Concern about the spread of yellow fever prompted Rockefeller Foundation (RF) interest in eradicating yellow fever. After Gorgas’ success in mosquito control in Panama, the RF recruited him in 1916 to chair the newly formed Yellow Fever Commission and to direct its efforts in eradication. Gorgas focused on vector control. He aimed to destroy mosquito breeding grounds in key communities, or “seedbeds,” where the aedes aegypti mosquitoes lived alongside a non-immune population. The first successful IHD campaign in yellow fever eradication took place in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
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  • Health » Yellow Fever Yellow Fever
  • More ambitious projects were to follow. One of the most significant campaigns began in 1923 when the Brazilian Government requested IHD assistance in its efforts to eradicate yellow fever. For the next 17 years the IHD took the lead role in this campaign and even after the Brazilian Government took charge of the program in 1940, the IHD remained involved, contributing major support towards the cost of field work and lab tests
  • Although its early work in yellow fever was concentrated in South America, the IHD began to redirect a large portion of its funding to Africa in 1929. In that year the agency established its first African research laboratory in Lagos, Nigeria, and created the West Africa Yellow Fever Commission
  • His death was mourned by the medical community, who viewed him as a “martyr to science.”[3] Noguchi was one of six RF researchers who died while studying yellow fever, a statistic that almost caused IHD Director Frederick F. Russell to abandon the campaign against the disease. 
  • During World War II, the RF was asked to coordinate the vaccination of American and British military personnel.  However, in 1942, outbreaks of jaundice were reported among some military personnel who had been vaccinated with 17D. In total 8 million doses of vaccine had been administered to soldiers, 80,000 of whom developed jaundice, resulting in 81 deaths. Further research revealed that the cases occurred in soldiers injected with particular batches of the vaccine that had been tainted by infected human blood. Vaccinations were halted until a new vaccine containing no human serum could be produced. [5]
  • jace givens on 18 Apr 14
     
     great facts about yellow fever
  • Madison Groves on 18 Apr 14
     
    good site to go to
Megan Sherwin

Black death skeletons - 0 views

www.theguardian.com/...spread-rat-fleas-london-plague

shared by Megan Sherwin on 17 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • The Black Death arrived in Britain from central Asia in the autumn of 1348 and by late spring the following year it had killed six out of every 10 people in London. Such a rate of destruction would kill five million now. By extracting the DNA of the disease bacterium, Yersinia pestis, from the largest teeth in some of the skulls retrieved from the square, the scientists were able to compare the strain of bubonic plague preserved there with that which was recently responsible for killing 60 people in Madagascar. To their surprise, the 14th-century strain, the cause of the most lethal catastrophe in recorded history, was no more virulent than today's disease. The DNA codes were an almost perfect match.
  • Black death skeletons reveal pitiful life of 14th-century Londoners
  • found evidence of rickets, anaemia, bad teeth and childhood malnutrition.
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