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jace givens

WHO | Yellow fever - 0 views

  • Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The "yellow" in the name refers to the jaundice that affects some patients. Up to 50% of severely affected persons without treatment will die from yellow fever. There are an estimated 200 000 cases of yellow fever, causing 30 000 deaths, worldwide each year, with 90% occurring in Africa. The virus is endemic in tropical areas of Africa and Latin America, with a combined population of over 900 million people. The number of yellow fever cases has increased over the past two decades due to declining population immunity to infection, deforestation, urbanization, population movements and climate change. There is no specific treatment for yellow fever. Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at reducing the symptoms for the comfort of the patient. Vaccination is the most important preventive measure against yellow fever. The vaccine is safe, affordable and highly effective, and a single dose of yellow fever vaccine is sufficient to confer sustained immunity and life-long protection against yellow fever disease and a booster dose of yellow fever vaccine is not needed. The vaccine provides effective immunity within 30 days for 99% of persons vaccinated.
    • jaxson dillard
       
      key facts of the yellow fever
  • WHO response WHO is the Secretariat for the International Coordinating Group for Yellow Fever Vaccine Provision (ICG). The ICG maintains an emergency stockpile of yellow fever vaccines to ensure rapid response to outbreaks in high risk countries. The Yellow Fever Initiative is a preventive control strategy of vaccination led by WHO and supported by UNICEF and National Governments, with a particular focus on most high endemic countries in Africa where the disease is most prominent. The Initiative recommends including yellow fever vaccines in routine infant immunizations (starting at age 9 months), implementing mass vaccination campaigns in high-risk areas for people in all age groups aged 9 months and older, and maintaining surveillance and outbreak response capacity. Between 2007 and 2012, 12 countries have completed preventive yellow fever vaccination campaigns: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. The Yellow Fever Initiative is financially supported by the GAVI Alliance, the European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO), the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF), the Ministries of Health, and the country-level partners.
    • jaxson dillard
       
      the response of yellow fever
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  • Once contracted, the virus incubates in the body for 3 to 6 days, followed by infection that can occur in one or two phases. The first, "acute", phase usually causes fever, muscle pain with prominent backache, headache, shivers, loss of appetite, and nausea or vomiting. Most patients improve and their symptoms disappear after 3 to 4 days.
  • However, 15% of patients enter a second, more toxic phase within 24 hours of the initial remission. High fever returns and several body systems are affected. The patient rapidly develops jaundice and complains of abdominal pain with vomiting. Bleeding can occur from the mouth, nose, eyes or stomach. Once this happens, blood appears in the vomit and faeces. Kidney function deteriorates. Half of the patients who enter the toxic phase die within 10 to 14 days, the rest recover without significant organ damage.
  • Yellow fever is difficult to diagnose, especially during the early stages. It can be confused with severe malaria, dengue hemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis, viral hepatitis (especially the fulminating forms of hepatitis B and D), other hemorrhagic fevers (Bolivian, Argentine, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fevers and others flavivirus as West Nile, Zika virus etc) and other diseases, as well as poisoning. Blood tests can detect yellow fever antibodies produced in response to the infection. Several other techniques are used to identify the virus in blood specimens or liver tissue collected after death. These tests require highly trained laboratory staff and specialized equipment and materials.
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    signs and symptoms of the yellow fever
Madison Groves

WHO | Yellow fever - 2 views

  • Yellow fever
  • Yellow fever (YF) is a viral haemorrhagic fever transmitted by infected mosquitoes. Yellow fever can be recognized from historic texts stretching back 400 years. Infection causes a wide spectrum of disease, from mild symptoms to severe illness and death. The "yellow" in the name is explained by the jaundice that affects some patients, causing yellow eyes and yellow skin. There are three types of transmission cycle: sylvatic, intermediate and urban. All three cycles exist in Africa, but in South America, only sylvatic and urban yellow fever occur.
  • Sylvatic (or jungle) yellow fever occurs in tropical rainforests where monkeys, infected by sylvatic mosquitoes, pass the virus onto other mosquitoes that feed on them; these mosquitoes, in turn bite and infect humans entering the forest. This produces sporadic cases, the majority of which are often young men working in the forest e.g. logging. The intermediate cycle of yellow fever transmission occurs in humid or semi-humid savannahs of Africa, and can produce small-scale epidemics in rural villages. Semi-domestic mosquitoes infect both monkey and human hosts and increased contact between man and infected mosquito leads to disease. This is the most common type of outbreak seen in recent decades in Africa. Urban yellow fever results in large explosive epidemics when travellers from rural areas introduce the virus into areas with high human population density. Domestic mosquitoes, most notably Aedes aegypti, carry the virus from person to person. These outbreaks tend to spread outwards from one source to cover a wide area. Yellow fever can be prevented by vaccination. In order to protect people living in areas at high risk of yellow fever transmission, WHO's dual strategy for prevention of yellow fever epidemics relies on preventive mass immunization campaigns followed by infant routine immunization. Yellow fever causes epidemics that can affect 20% of the population. When epidemics occur in unvaccinated populations, case-fatality rates may exceed 50%. No treatment beyond supportive care exists. For more information
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  • WHO fact sheet Disease Outbreak News: yellow fever International travel and health: yellow fever International Health Regulations (IHR)
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    Some Good facts on how Yellow Fever is spread.
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    yellow fever
jace givens

100 Years: The Rockefeller Foundation | Yellow Fever · Health - 0 views

  • In 1915 the International Health Division (IHD) made the research and eradication of yellow fever and malaria its top priorities. While the organization achieved success in both campaigns, its yellow fever initiative yielded the clearest positive results. Before World War II, the IHD expended half of its budget on yellow fever programs, which culminated in the development of a successful yellow fever vaccine. This funding also contributed to the building of a wide and effective network of research laboratories, as well as the development of important scientific careers through support for individual fellowships. 
  • Mosquito transmission as the cause of yellow fever was first proposed by Carlos Finlay in 1881 and proven by Major Walter Reed of the US Army in 1900. This discovery led General William C. Gorgas to implement anti-mosquito measures while supervising the building of the Panama Canal; earlier attempts at construction had failed partly because of the prevalence of yellow fever among workers.  Once the canal was completed, many public health experts feared that increased international travel and shipping would lead to a sudden expansion of the disease.
  • Concern about the spread of yellow fever prompted Rockefeller Foundation (RF) interest in eradicating yellow fever. After Gorgas’ success in mosquito control in Panama, the RF recruited him in 1916 to chair the newly formed Yellow Fever Commission and to direct its efforts in eradication. Gorgas focused on vector control. He aimed to destroy mosquito breeding grounds in key communities, or “seedbeds,” where the aedes aegypti mosquitoes lived alongside a non-immune population. The first successful IHD campaign in yellow fever eradication took place in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
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  • Health » Yellow Fever Yellow Fever
  • More ambitious projects were to follow. One of the most significant campaigns began in 1923 when the Brazilian Government requested IHD assistance in its efforts to eradicate yellow fever. For the next 17 years the IHD took the lead role in this campaign and even after the Brazilian Government took charge of the program in 1940, the IHD remained involved, contributing major support towards the cost of field work and lab tests
  • Although its early work in yellow fever was concentrated in South America, the IHD began to redirect a large portion of its funding to Africa in 1929. In that year the agency established its first African research laboratory in Lagos, Nigeria, and created the West Africa Yellow Fever Commission
  • His death was mourned by the medical community, who viewed him as a “martyr to science.”[3] Noguchi was one of six RF researchers who died while studying yellow fever, a statistic that almost caused IHD Director Frederick F. Russell to abandon the campaign against the disease. 
  • During World War II, the RF was asked to coordinate the vaccination of American and British military personnel.  However, in 1942, outbreaks of jaundice were reported among some military personnel who had been vaccinated with 17D. In total 8 million doses of vaccine had been administered to soldiers, 80,000 of whom developed jaundice, resulting in 81 deaths. Further research revealed that the cases occurred in soldiers injected with particular batches of the vaccine that had been tainted by infected human blood. Vaccinations were halted until a new vaccine containing no human serum could be produced. [5]
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     great facts about yellow fever
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    good site to go to
Madison Groves

yellow fever -- Britannica School - 3 views

  • Paul I. Howell, MPH; Prof. Frank Hadley Collins/Centers for Disease Control and...Paul I. Howell, MPH; Prof. Frank Hadley Collins/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (Image Number: 9534)An infectious disease, yellow fever infects humans, all species of monkeys, and certain other small mammals. The virus is transmitted from animals to humans and among humans by several species of mosquitoes. Yellow fever is one of the great epidemic diseases of the tropical world, and in earlier centuries it was one of the great plagues of the New World. At one time the tropical and subtropical regions of
  • After the bite of the infecting mosquito, there is an incubation period of several days while the virus multiplies within the body. The onset of symptoms is then abrupt, with headache, backache, rapidly rising fever, nausea, and vomiting. Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) is a common sign in persons and gives rise to the name yellow fever. This acute stage lasts two or three days, after which the patient either begins to recover or gets worse. Death may occur six or seven days after the onset of symptoms.
  • The yellow fever patient’s recovery is long, but, when it does occur, it is complete and is accompanied by a lifelong immunity.
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  • Many persons may experience only a mild infection that lasts a few days.
  • no specific treatment for those with yellow fever beyond good nursing and supportive care.
  • The disease, however, is completely preventable. People can be rendered immune to the virus through vaccination, and outbreaks can be contained by eliminating or controlling mosquito populations.
  • Nevertheless, the disease is still present in tropical Africa and South America, where access to vaccine is sometimes lacking.
  • There is no specific treatment for those with yellow fever beyond good nursing and supportive care. The disease, however, is completely preventable. People can be rendered immune to the virus through vaccination, and outbreaks can be contained by eliminating or controlling mosquito populations. Thanks to such measures, the great yellow fever epidemics of the late 19th and early 20th centuries are no more. Nevertheless, the disease is still present in tropical Africa and South America, where access to vaccine is sometimes lacking
  • An infectious disease, yellow fever infects humans, all species of monkeys, and certain other small mammals. The virus is transmitted from animals to humans and among humans by several species of
  • An infectious disease, yellow fever infects humans, all species of monkeys, and certain other small mammals. The virus is transmitted from animals to humans and among humans by several species of mosquitoes. Yellow fever is one of the great epidemic diseases of the tropical world, and in earlier centuries it was one of the great plagues of the New World. At one time the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas were subjected to devastating epidemics, and serious outbreaks occurred not only as far north as Philadelphia, New York, and Boston but also as far away as Spain, France, England, and Italy.
  • tious disease, yellow fever infects humans, all species of monkeys, and certain other small mammals. The virus is transmitted from animals to humans and among humans by several species of
    • Madison Groves
       
      i had no idea it was spread by a mosquito
Bethany Carter

Open Collections Program: Contagion, The Yellow Fever Epidemic in Philadelphia, 1793 - 1 views

  • Yellow fever is known for bringing on a characteristic yellow tinge to the eyes and skin, and for the terrible “black vomit” caused by bleeding into the stomach. Known today to be spread by infected mosquitoes, yellow fever was long believed to be a miasmatic disease originating in rotting vegetable matter and other putrefying filth, and most believed the fever to be contagious.
    • Caden Lewis
       
      Good Information for History of Yellow Fever.
  • The Yellow Fever Epidemic in Philadelphia, 1793
  • The first major American yellow fever epidemic hit Philadelphia in July 1793 and peaked during the first weeks of October.
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  • As the population fled or died, few were left to attend to nursing and burying duties. Rush, who believed that blacks were immune to yellow fever, asked members of the African Society to come forward and care for to the sick and the dead. Absalom Jones and Richard Allen, two free black men, volunteered. In a few weeks Jones, Allen and others were bleeding hundreds of people a day under Rush’s direction, as well as nursing patients and carrying coffins.
  • Their efforts, though praised by Rush, were scorned by the white public as being profiteering and extortionist. In response, Jones and Allen published their own description of their experiences.
  • About two months into the epidemic, however, Rush was proven wrong and blacks began to fall ill, dying from yellow fever at about the same rate as whites.
  • The Bush Hill Hospital, which housed the sick poor, was desperately understaffed. When Philadelphia’s mayor asked the public for help, a French-born merchant from Santo Domingo named Stephen Girard stepped up and recommended his compatriot, Dr. Jean Devèze, to head the hospital. Devèze refused to believe that yellow fever was contagious and he disapproved of Rush’s aggressive treatments. Devèze later became a world authority on yellow fever.
  • The first major American yellow fever epidemic hit Philadelphia in July 1793 and peaked during the first weeks of October. Philadelphia, then the nation’s capital, was the most cosmopolitan city in the United States. Two thousand free blacks lived there, as well as many recent white French-speaking arrivals from the colony of Santo Domingo, who were fleeing from a slave rebellion. Major Revolutionary political figures lived there, and in the first week of September, Thomas Jefferson wrote to James Madison that everyone who could escape the city was doing so. The epidemic depopulated Philadelphia: 5,000 out of a population of 45,000 died, and chronicler Mathew Carey estimated that another 17,000 fled.
    • Bethany Carter
       
      Yellow Fever Epidemic, 1793
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    good website for yellow fever 
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    the first epidemic in the USA 1793.
Madison Groves

Yellow Fever Vaccine, History, Symptoms, Treatment and Causes - MedicineNet - 2 views

  • Yellow fever is an acute viral infectious disease that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes.
  • yellow fever can also be a life-threatening disease causing hemorrhagic fever andhepatitis (hence the term "yellow" from the jaundice it can cause).
  • This viral disease occurs in tropical areas of Africa and South America, and each year there are an estimated 200,000 cases of yellow fever worldwide, leading to approximately 30,000 deaths. An increase in the number of cases of yellow fever in the last few decades has led to campaigns aimed at improving public awareness and disease prevention for this re-emerging infectious disease.
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  • Yellow fever is thought to have originated in Africa and was likely brought to the Americas on ships during the slave trade. Several significant yellow fever outbreaks have occurred throughout history, with the first documented outbreak occurring in the Yucatan peninsula during the 17
  • th century.
  • severe yellow fever outbreak struck New England and several North American port cities. The city of Philadelphia is though to have lost about one-tenth of its population during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic, causing many notable figures in American politics to flee the city.
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    Good Facts on history and other things about Yellow fever
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    yellow fever facts
Bethany Carter

Yellow Fever Vaccine, History, Symptoms, Treatment and Causes - MedicineNet - 0 views

  • Yellow fever is diagnosed clinically, with laboratory confirmatory testing available.
  • Yellow fever is diagnosed clinically, with laboratory confirmatory testing available.
  • Yellow fever is diagnosed clinically, with laboratory confirmatory testing available.
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  • Yellow fever is diagnosed clinically, with laboratory confirmatory testing available.
  • The symptoms of yellow fever include fever, headache, and muscle aches, with some patients going on to develop life-threatening complications.
  • Yellow fever is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes.
  • Yellow fever is endemic in areas of Africa and South America.
  • Yellow fever is an infectious disease caused by the yellow fever virus.
  • Yellow fever is diagnosed clinically, with laboratory confirmatory testing available.
  • The treatment for yellow fever is su
  • pportive.
  • Yello
  • w fever can be prevented by vaccinati
  • on and mosquito-control measures.
Madison Groves

Yellow Fever | Disease Directory | Travelers' Health | CDC - 2 views

  • Yellow fever is a disease caused a virus, which is spread through mosquito bites. Symptoms take 3–6 days to develop and include fever, chills, headache, backache, and muscle aches. About 15% of people who get yellow fever develop serious illness that can lead to bleeding, shock, organ failure, and sometimes death.
  • Travelers to certain parts of South America  and Africa  are at risk for yellow fever.
  • What can travelers do to prevent yellow fever?
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  • Prevent mosquito bites:
  • Travelers can protect themselves from yellow fever by getting yellow fever vaccine and preventing mosquito bites.
  • Yellow fever is a disease caused a virus, which is spread through mosquito bites. Symptoms take 3–6 days to develop and include fever, chills, headache, backache, and muscle aches. About 15% of people who get yellow fever develop serious illness that can lead to bleeding, shock, organ failure, and sometimes death.
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    Good ways to protect yourself from mosquitoes to prevent yellow fever
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    awesome explanations
jace givens

Yellow Fever Information - The Mount Sinai Hospital - 0 views

  • Fever Headache Muscle pain Backache Chills Loss of appetite Nausea and/or vomiting
  • High fever Abdominal pain Bleeding from the gums, nose, eyes, and/or stomach Vomit that appears black due to blood content Low blood pressure Liver failure, which may lead to jaundice Kidney failure Confusion Seizure Coma
  • SymptomsYellow fever symptoms appear within a week after a person is bitten by an infected mosquito. Typically, acute phase symptoms will persist for 3 to 4 days, and then disappear. A small percentage of people progress into the toxic phase. The toxic phase symptoms begin within 24 hours of the end of the acute phase. Recovery from yellow fever provides lifetime immunity from the disease.
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  • DefinitionYellow fever is a disease carried by female mosquitoes. The species of mosquito that carry yellow fever are native to sub-Saharan Africa and South America, but can also be found in other areas. Although it may be rare in developed countries, yellow fever is endemic in impoverished areas where people cannot afford to get vaccinated.
  • Prevention Vaccination is the best way to prevent yellow fever. The yellow fever vaccine is recommended for people aged 9 months to 59 years who are traveling to or living in areas where the disease is present. Your doctor will help decide if the vaccine is right for you.
jace givens

Yellow Fever Vaccine: Student Research Center - powered by EBSCOhost - 0 views

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    hat is yellow fever? How can I prevent yellow fever? Who should get yellow fever vaccine? Who should not get yellow fever vaccine? What are the risks from yellow fever vaccine? What if there is a severe reaction? How can I learn more? [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]   Copyright of AHFS Consumer Medication Information is the property of American Society of Health System Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
jace givens

Yellow Fever Vaccine: Student Research Center - powered by EBSCOhost - 0 views

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    What is yellow fever? How can I prevent yellow fever? Who should get yellow fever vaccine? Who should not get yellow fever vaccine? What are the risks from yellow fever vaccine? What if there is a severe reaction? How can I learn more? [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Gage DuVall

The Pennsylvania Center for the Book - Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793 - 1 views

  • It was the summer of 1793 and a ghastly epidemic of Yellow fever gripped the largest city of America and the nation’s capital. Samuel Breck, a newly arrived merchant to Philadelphia and later instructor to the blind, observed “the horrors of this memorable affliction were extensive and heart rending.” Samuel Breck estimated that the number of deaths in 1793 by yellow fever was more than four thousand. Modern scholars estimate the number to be closer to five thousand, a tenth of the capital’s fifty thousand residents. However, twenty thousand people, including Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, and much of the federal government had fled the city to escape the fever thereby making proportion of deaths among those who remained quite high. What could cause such a devastating epidemic to occur on Pennsylvania soil?
  • Yellow fever is an acute, infectious, hemorrhagic (bleeding) viral disease transmitted by the bite of a female mosquito native to tropical and subtropical regions of South America and Africa. However, it wasn’t discovered that Yellow Fever was transmitted by mosquitoes until 1881. At the time, Yellow Fever was a well known illness that affected sailors who travelled to the Caribbean and Africa characterized by disquieting color changes including yellow eyes and skin, purple blotches under the skin from internal bleeding and hemorrhages, and black stools and vomit, all of which were accompanied by a high fever.
  • In 1793, people of the French Caribbean colony of Saint Domingue (now Haiti) were fleeing a revolution from France and thousands of infected individuals landed at the Philadelphia docks. This combined with the dry, hot summer and low water tables of 1793 created the perfect breeding grounds for mosquitoes and the spread of Yellow Fever.
    • Caden Lewis
       
      Good facts of the History of Yellow fever
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  • African Americans played a vital role in the epidemic of 1793. Rush pleaded for the help of Philadelphia’s free black community, believing that African Americans were immune to the disease. African Americans worked tirelessly with the sick and dying as nurses, cart drivers, coffin makers, and grave diggers. Absalom Jones and Richard Allen, religious leaders who would later go on to found the first black churches of Philadelphia, African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas, and African Methodist Episcopal Church, respectively, described their experience as volunteers in 1793: “at this time the dread that prevailed over people’s minds was so general, that it was a rare instance to see one neighbor visit another, and even friends when they met in the streets were afraid of each other, much less would they admit into their houses.” This was not the only horror that Absalom Jones and Richard Allen observed. They observed horrendous behavior from the fearful citizens of Philadelphia: “[Many white people]…have acted in a manner that would make humanity shudder.” Despite Dr. Rush’s theory, 240 African Americans died of Yellow Fever.
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    the helpers of the virus.
Madison Groves

Yellow fever breaks out in Philadelphia - History.com This Day in History - 10/11/1793 - 1 views

  • The death toll from a yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia hits 100 on this day in 1793. By the time it ended, 5,000 people were dead. Yellow fever, or American plague as it was known at the time, is a viral disease that begins with fever and muscle pain. Next, victims often become jaundiced (hence, the term "yellow" fever), as their liver and kidneys cease to function normally. Some of the afflicted then suffer even worse symptoms. Famous early American Cotton Mather described it as "turning yellow then vomiting and bleeding every way." Internal bleeding in the digestive tract causes bloody vomit. Many victims become delirious before dying. The virus, like malaria, is carried and transferred by mosquitoes. The first yellow fever outbreaks in the United States occurred in late 1690s. Nearly 100 years later, in the late summer of 1793, refugees from a yellow fever epidemic in the Caribbean fled to Philadelphia. Within weeks, people throughout the city were experiencing symptoms. By the middle of October, 100 people were dying from the virus every day. Caring for the victims so strained public services that the local city government collapsed. Philadelphia was also the seat of the United States government at the time, but federal authorities simply evacuated the city in face of the raging epidemic. Eventually, a cold front eliminated Philadelphia's mosquito population and the death toll fell to 20 per day by October 26. Today, a vaccine prevents yellow fever in much of the world, though 20,000 people still die every year from the disease.
jace givens

yellow fever | FactMonster.com - 0 views

  • yellow fever, acute infectious disease endemic in tropical Africa and many areas of South America. Epidemics have extended into subtropical and temperate regions during warm seasons. In 1878 a severe outbreak in the Mississippi Valley killed about 20,000; the last epidemic in the United States occurred in New Orleans in 1905. Yellow fever is caused by a virus transmitted by the bite of the female Aedes aegypti mosquito, which breeds in stagnant water near human habitations. A form of the disease called sylvan or jungle yellow fever is transmitted in tropical jungles by other species of mosquitoes that live in trees. Other primates are susceptible to the disease and function as a reservoir of the virus.
  • At the end of the 19th cent., yellow fever was highly prevalent in the Caribbean, and a way of controlling it had to be found before construction of the Panama Canal could be undertaken. In 1900 an American commission headed by Walter Reed and including James Carroll, Jesse Lazear, and Arístides Agramonte gathered in the U.S. Army's Camp Columbia in Cuba. Through their experiments—one of which severely sickened Carroll and killed Lazear—they proved the theory of C. J. Finlay that yellow fever was a mosquito-borne infection. Within the next few years, W. C. Gorgas, an army physician and sanitation expert, succeeded in controlling the disease in the Panama Canal Zone and other areas in that part of the world by mosquito-eradication measures. The later development of an immunizing vaccine (work on which won Max Theiler a Nobel Prize) and strict quarantine measures against ships, planes, and passengers coming from known or suspected yellow-fever areas further aided control of the disease.
  • Yellow fever begins suddenly after an incubation period of three to five days. In mild cases only fever and headache may be present. The severe form of the disease commences with fever, chills, bleeding into the skin, rapid heartbeat, headache, back pains, and extreme prostration. Nausea, vomiting, and constipation are common. Jaundice usually appears on the second or third day. After the third day the symptoms recede, only to return with increased severity in the final stage, during which there is a marked tendency to hemorrhage internally; the characteristic "coffee ground" vomitus contains blood. The patient then lapses into delirium and coma, often followed by death. During epidemics the fatality rate was often as high as 85%. Although the disease still occurs, it is usually confined to sporadic outbreaks.
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    FACT MONSTER
Bethany Carter

yellow fever death rate - Google Search - 1 views

    • Bethany Carter
       
      Yellow Fever Death Rate
  • There are an estimated 200 000 cases of yellow fever, causing 30 000 deaths, worldwide each year, with 90% occurring in Africa. The virus is endemic in tropical areas of Africa and Latin America, with a combined population of over 900 million people
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    Death rate for yellow fever
jaxson dillard

yellow fever -- Britannica School - 1 views

    • Gage DuVall
       
      history, course, and treatments of yellow fever
  • Western Africa has long been regarded as the home of yellow fever, although the first recorded outbreaks of the disease were in central and coastal South America after the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. For the next 300 years, yellow fever, given various names such as Yellow Jack and “the saffron scourge,” was one of the great plagues of the New World. The tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas were subjected to devastating epidemics, and serious outbreaks occurred as far north as Philadelphia, New York, and Boston but also as far away from the endemic centres as Spain, France, England, and Italy.
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    Yellow Fever history, treatments,and the course of the disease
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    the history of yellow fever
jace givens

Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

  • Between the College's advisory on August 25 and the death of Dr. Hutchinson from yellow fever on September 7, panic spread throughout the city; more people fled. Between August 1 and September 7, 456 people died in the city. On September 8, 42 deaths were reported.[18] An estimated 20,000 people left the city through September, including national leaders.[9] The daily death to
  • l remained above 30 until October 26. The worst 7-day period was between October 7 and 13, when 711 deaths were reported.[18]
  • During the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 5000 or more people were listed in the official register of deaths between August 1 and November 9. The vast majority of them died of yellow fever, making the epidemic in the city of 50,000 people one of the most severe in United States' history. By the end of September, 20,000 people had fled the city. The mortality rate peaked in October, before frost finally killed the mosquitoes and brought an end to the epidemic in November. Doctors tried a variety of treatments, but knew neither the origin of the fever nor that it was transmitted by mosquitoes (which was not verified until the late nineteenth century).
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    panic of yellow fever
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    how yellow fever started 
Bethany Carter

Yellow fever: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia - 1 views

    • Nicole Hicks
       
      These are the symptoms of yellow fever.
  • Symptoms may include:Irregular heart beats(arrhythmias)Bleeding (may progress to hemorrhage)ComaDecreased urinationDeliriumFeverHeadacheYellow skin and eyes (jaundice)Muscle aches 
  • Red eyes, face, tongueSeizuresVomiting, possibly vomiting blood
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    • Bethany Carter
       
      These Are The Stages Of Yellow Fever
  • Yellow fever has three stages: Stage 1 (infection): Headache, muscle and joint aches, fever, flushing, loss of appetite, vomiting, and jaundice are common. Symptoms often go away briefly after about 3-4 days. Stage 2 (remission):  Fever and other symptoms go away. Most people will recover at this stage, but others may get worse within 24 hours.Stage 3 (intoxication): Problems with many organs occur. This may include heart, liver, and kidney failure, bleeding disorders, seizures, coma, and delirium.
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    Stages of yellow fever
jace givens

CDC - Yellow Fever - 1 views

    • jaxson dillard
       
      good info
  • Yellow fever virus is found in tropical and subtropical areas in South America and Africa. The virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito.
    • jace givens
       
      VERY HELPFUL!!!!!!
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  • Yellow fever is a very rare cause of illness in U.S. travelers. Illness ranges in severity from a self-limited febrile illness to severe liver disease with bleeding. Yellow fever disease is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical findings, laboratory testing, and travel history, including the possibility of exposure to infected mosquitoes. There is no specific treatment for yellow fever; care is based on symptoms. Steps to prevent yellow fever virus infection include using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and getting vaccinated.
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    prevention fro yellow fever
Bethany Carter

Yellow fever Causes - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic - 0 views

    • Bethany Carter
       
      Cause of yellow fever
  • Yellow fever is caused by a virus that is spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. These mosquitoes thrive in and near human habitations where they breed in even the cleanest water. Most cases of yellow fever occur in sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America.
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    What causes yellow fever
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