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jace givens

Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Yellow_Fever_Epidemic_of_1793

History of Yellow fever

shared by jace givens on 29 Apr 14 - Cached
  • Between the College's advisory on August 25 and the death of Dr. Hutchinson from yellow fever on September 7, panic spread throughout the city; more people fled. Between August 1 and September 7, 456 people died in the city. On September 8, 42 deaths were reported.[18] An estimated 20,000 people left the city through September, including national leaders.[9] The daily death to
  • l remained above 30 until October 26. The worst 7-day period was between October 7 and 13, when 711 deaths were reported.[18]
  • During the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 5000 or more people were listed in the official register of deaths between August 1 and November 9. The vast majority of them died of yellow fever, making the epidemic in the city of 50,000 people one of the most severe in United States' history. By the end of September, 20,000 people had fled the city. The mortality rate peaked in October, before frost finally killed the mosquitoes and brought an end to the epidemic in November. Doctors tried a variety of treatments, but knew neither the origin of the fever nor that it was transmitted by mosquitoes (which was not verified until the late nineteenth century).
  • jaxson dillard on 29 Apr 14
     
    panic of yellow fever
  • jace givens on 29 Apr 14
     
    how yellow fever started 
Caden Lewis

The Diseased City - 2 views

xroads.virginia.edu/...fever.html

Yellow fever history pennsylvania

shared by Caden Lewis on 17 Apr 14 - No Cached
    • Caden Lewis
      Caden Lewis on 17 Apr 14
       
      A lot more facts than I can read Good Luck!!(Amazing facts)
  • In the summer of 1793 Philadelphia was unusually hot, and dry, and congested. By June, a thousand refugees fleeing from revolution on the island of Santo Domingo had poured into the city. Their tales of slave revolt and of a fever epidemic engendered some support, and $15,000 dollars in relief money was quickly raised.
  • In August of 1793, several prominent Philadelphia physicians gathered to discuss a worrying trend: an increasing number of patients with symptoms of nausea, black vomit, lethargy, and yellow skin coloration. Among those present was Dr. Benjamin Rush, the city's most prominent doctor, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and supporter of the state and national constitutions. He quickly concluded that the culprit was the dreaded yellow fever.
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  • dirty, and cramped environment of Philadelphia
  • Dr. Stephen Currie faulted the moral constitution of all Philadelphia's inhabitants; and as the quote at the top of this page indicates, saw the prevalence of fever as a direct result of this lack. In fact, the Caribbean immigrants did carry the fever with them, though in a form that would not be recognized by doctors for over a century (see below). And this highly contagious disease found a welcome host in the fe
  • As the fever spread, and as doctors were unable to agree either on its cause or its proper treatment, panic soon held sway
  • Philadelphia of 1793 was the nation's largest city and its national capitol, as well as the Pennsylvania state capital. The fever thus, was not just a 'local' problem, but one of national significance, and particularly foreboding to a young republic. Jefferson, Washington and Hamilton were only the most famous residents of the area; and as the disease attacked the prominent and common alike, all remained susceptible to the fever. So, the national government disbanded with the hope of returning in cooler weather.
  • . Both Alexander Hamilton and his wife contracted the fever and were treated as outcasts on their flight to Albany--a pattern that would repeat itself for almost all of the diseased refugees.
  • Rumors of husbands abandoning wives, and parents their children ran rampant. However, many Philadelphians stayed in order to minister to the sick, and to prevent the total collapse of the city. Among those who remained, Stephen Girard, most physicians, the African-American clergymen, Richard Allen and Absalom Jones, and the largely African American corps of attendants and nurses stand among the foremost in bravery. Their unselfish participation stood in contrast to those who fled the city.
Gage DuVall

The Pennsylvania Center for the Book - Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793 - 1 views

pabook.libraries.psu.edu/...YellowFever.html

epidemic fever Disease

shared by Gage DuVall on 16 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • It was the summer of 1793 and a ghastly epidemic of Yellow fever gripped the largest city of America and the nation’s capital. Samuel Breck, a newly arrived merchant to Philadelphia and later instructor to the blind, observed “the horrors of this memorable affliction were extensive and heart rending.” Samuel Breck estimated that the number of deaths in 1793 by yellow fever was more than four thousand. Modern scholars estimate the number to be closer to five thousand, a tenth of the capital’s fifty thousand residents. However, twenty thousand people, including Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, and much of the federal government had fled the city to escape the fever thereby making proportion of deaths among those who remained quite high. What could cause such a devastating epidemic to occur on Pennsylvania soil?
  • Yellow fever is an acute, infectious, hemorrhagic (bleeding) viral disease transmitted by the bite of a female mosquito native to tropical and subtropical regions of South America and Africa. However, it wasn’t discovered that Yellow Fever was transmitted by mosquitoes until 1881. At the time, Yellow Fever was a well known illness that affected sailors who travelled to the Caribbean and Africa characterized by disquieting color changes including yellow eyes and skin, purple blotches under the skin from internal bleeding and hemorrhages, and black stools and vomit, all of which were accompanied by a high fever.
  • In 1793, people of the French Caribbean colony of Saint Domingue (now Haiti) were fleeing a revolution from France and thousands of infected individuals landed at the Philadelphia docks. This combined with the dry, hot summer and low water tables of 1793 created the perfect breeding grounds for mosquitoes and the spread of Yellow Fever.
    • Caden Lewis
      Caden Lewis on 16 Apr 14
       
      Good facts of the History of Yellow fever
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • African Americans played a vital role in the epidemic of 1793. Rush pleaded for the help of Philadelphia’s free black community, believing that African Americans were immune to the disease. African Americans worked tirelessly with the sick and dying as nurses, cart drivers, coffin makers, and grave diggers. Absalom Jones and Richard Allen, religious leaders who would later go on to found the first black churches of Philadelphia, African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas, and African Methodist Episcopal Church, respectively, described their experience as volunteers in 1793: “at this time the dread that prevailed over people’s minds was so general, that it was a rare instance to see one neighbor visit another, and even friends when they met in the streets were afraid of each other, much less would they admit into their houses.” This was not the only horror that Absalom Jones and Richard Allen observed. They observed horrendous behavior from the fearful citizens of Philadelphia: “[Many white people]…have acted in a manner that would make humanity shudder.” Despite Dr. Rush’s theory, 240 African Americans died of Yellow Fever.
  • jaxson dillard on 21 Apr 14
     
    the helpers of the virus.
Summer Rae

The Pennsylvania Gazette: The Flu of 1918 - 0 views

www.upenn.edu/...lynch.html

flu influenza Disease epidemic

shared by Summer Rae on 18 Apr 14 - Cached
  •  In Pennsylvania, the influenza epidemic began almost unnoticed in the middle of September. First a few cases, and then the numbers began to rise rapidly. Worried state health authorities decided to add influenza to the list of reportable diseases. Their concern increased when 75,000 cases were reported statewide. The worst was still ahead.
  • Summer Rae on 18 Apr 14
     
    When the epidemic started
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