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Darien Fuller

About Pandemics | Flu.gov - 1 views

www.flu.gov/about

influenza Disease Characteristics

shared by Darien Fuller on 16 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Rapid Worldwide SpreadWhen a pandemic flu virus emerges, expect it to spread around the world.You should prepare for a pandemic flu as if the entire world population is susceptible.Countries may try to delay the pandemic flu’s arrival through border closings and travel restrictions, but they cannot stop it.Overloaded Health Care Systems
  • Most people have little or no immunity to a pandemic virus. Infection and illness rates soar. A substantial percentage of the world’s population will require some form of medical care.Nations are unlikely to have the staff, facilities, equipment, and hospital beds needed to cope with the number of people who get the pandemic flu.Death rates may be high. Four factors largely determine the death toll:The number of people who become infectedThe strength of the virusThe underlying characteristics and vulnerability of affected populationsThe effectiveness of preventive measures 
jace givens

Down Syndrome Facts - National Down Syndrome Society - 0 views

www.ndss.org/...Down-Syndrome-Facts

down syndrome facts

shared by jace givens on 07 May 14 - No Cached
  • Down syndrome occurs when an individual has a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21. This additional genetic material alters the course of development and causes the characteristics associated with Down syndrome. There are three types of Down syndrome: trisomy 21 (nondisjunction) accounts for 95% of cases, translocation accounts for about 4% and mosaicism accounts for about 1%.    Down syndrome is the most commonly occurring chromosomal condition. One in every 691 babies in the United States is born with Down syndrome. There are more than 400,000 people living with Down syndrome in the United States. Down syndrome occurs in people of all races and economic levels.
  • Down syndrome occurs when an individual has a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21. This additional genetic material alters the course of development and causes the characteristics associated with Down syndrome.
  • jace givens on 07 May 14
     
    There are three types of Down syndrome: trisomy 21 (nondisjunction) accounts for 95% of cases, translocation accounts for about 4% and mosaicism accounts for about 1%.   
Bethany Carter

Open Collections Program: Contagion, The Yellow Fever Epidemic in Philadelphia, 1793 - 1 views

ocp.hul.harvard.edu/...yellowfever.html

shared by Bethany Carter on 16 Apr 14 - Cached
  • Yellow fever is known for bringing on a characteristic yellow tinge to the eyes and skin, and for the terrible “black vomit” caused by bleeding into the stomach. Known today to be spread by infected mosquitoes, yellow fever was long believed to be a miasmatic disease originating in rotting vegetable matter and other putrefying filth, and most believed the fever to be contagious.
    • Caden Lewis
      Caden Lewis on 16 Apr 14
       
      Good Information for History of Yellow Fever.
  • The Yellow Fever Epidemic in Philadelphia, 1793
  • The first major American yellow fever epidemic hit Philadelphia in July 1793 and peaked during the first weeks of October.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • As the population fled or died, few were left to attend to nursing and burying duties. Rush, who believed that blacks were immune to yellow fever, asked members of the African Society to come forward and care for to the sick and the dead. Absalom Jones and Richard Allen, two free black men, volunteered. In a few weeks Jones, Allen and others were bleeding hundreds of people a day under Rush’s direction, as well as nursing patients and carrying coffins.
  • Their efforts, though praised by Rush, were scorned by the white public as being profiteering and extortionist. In response, Jones and Allen published their own description of their experiences.
  • About two months into the epidemic, however, Rush was proven wrong and blacks began to fall ill, dying from yellow fever at about the same rate as whites.
  • The Bush Hill Hospital, which housed the sick poor, was desperately understaffed. When Philadelphia’s mayor asked the public for help, a French-born merchant from Santo Domingo named Stephen Girard stepped up and recommended his compatriot, Dr. Jean Devèze, to head the hospital. Devèze refused to believe that yellow fever was contagious and he disapproved of Rush’s aggressive treatments. Devèze later became a world authority on yellow fever.
  • The first major American yellow fever epidemic hit Philadelphia in July 1793 and peaked during the first weeks of October. Philadelphia, then the nation’s capital, was the most cosmopolitan city in the United States. Two thousand free blacks lived there, as well as many recent white French-speaking arrivals from the colony of Santo Domingo, who were fleeing from a slave rebellion. Major Revolutionary political figures lived there, and in the first week of September, Thomas Jefferson wrote to James Madison that everyone who could escape the city was doing so. The epidemic depopulated Philadelphia: 5,000 out of a population of 45,000 died, and chronicler Mathew Carey estimated that another 17,000 fled.
    • Bethany Carter
      Bethany Carter on 21 Apr 14
       
      Yellow Fever Epidemic, 1793
  • Madison Groves on 18 Apr 14
     
    good website for yellow fever 
  • jaxson dillard on 21 Apr 14
     
    the first epidemic in the USA 1793.
jacob fulfer

Black Death -- Britannica School - 1 views

school.eb.com/...574643

death Disease plague

shared by jacob fulfer on 16 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Between 1347 and 1351 a great epidemic known as the Black Death ravaged Europe. This pandemic took a proportionately greater toll of life than any other known epidemic or war up to that time. The Black Death is widely believed to have been the result of plague that was caused by infection with the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Most scientists think that this bacterium was passed from infected rodents to humans through the bite of fleas.
  • Plague is an infectious fever that takes three forms in humans: bubonic; pneumonic, and septicemic. The bubonic type is the mildest, accounting today for virtually no deaths and in the past killing about half of its victims. It is named for one of the disease’s characteristics, the formation of buboes, or inflamed lymph glands. Pneumonic plague attacks the lungs and is often fatal in three or four days without treatment. In septicemic plague, bacteria overwhelm the bloodstream and often cause death within 24 hours, before other symptoms have a chance to develop. It is believed that the Black Death was a combination of bubonic and pneumonic plague. The pandemic was called the Black Death because of the black spots that appeared on the skin of many victims.
  • Dylan Hicks on 16 Apr 14
     
    Plague is an infectious fever that takes three forms in humans: bubonic; pneumonic, and septicemic. The bubonic type is the mildest, accounting today for virtually no deaths and in the past killing about half of its victims.
  • jacob fulfer on 18 Apr 14
     
    explains all about the black plague
jace givens

yellow fever | FactMonster.com - 0 views

www.factmonster.com/...yellow-fever.html

Yellow fever disease

shared by jace givens on 21 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • yellow fever, acute infectious disease endemic in tropical Africa and many areas of South America. Epidemics have extended into subtropical and temperate regions during warm seasons. In 1878 a severe outbreak in the Mississippi Valley killed about 20,000; the last epidemic in the United States occurred in New Orleans in 1905. Yellow fever is caused by a virus transmitted by the bite of the female Aedes aegypti mosquito, which breeds in stagnant water near human habitations. A form of the disease called sylvan or jungle yellow fever is transmitted in tropical jungles by other species of mosquitoes that live in trees. Other primates are susceptible to the disease and function as a reservoir of the virus.
  • At the end of the 19th cent., yellow fever was highly prevalent in the Caribbean, and a way of controlling it had to be found before construction of the Panama Canal could be undertaken. In 1900 an American commission headed by Walter Reed and including James Carroll, Jesse Lazear, and Arístides Agramonte gathered in the U.S. Army's Camp Columbia in Cuba. Through their experiments—one of which severely sickened Carroll and killed Lazear—they proved the theory of C. J. Finlay that yellow fever was a mosquito-borne infection. Within the next few years, W. C. Gorgas, an army physician and sanitation expert, succeeded in controlling the disease in the Panama Canal Zone and other areas in that part of the world by mosquito-eradication measures. The later development of an immunizing vaccine (work on which won Max Theiler a Nobel Prize) and strict quarantine measures against ships, planes, and passengers coming from known or suspected yellow-fever areas further aided control of the disease.
  • Yellow fever begins suddenly after an incubation period of three to five days. In mild cases only fever and headache may be present. The severe form of the disease commences with fever, chills, bleeding into the skin, rapid heartbeat, headache, back pains, and extreme prostration. Nausea, vomiting, and constipation are common. Jaundice usually appears on the second or third day. After the third day the symptoms recede, only to return with increased severity in the final stage, during which there is a marked tendency to hemorrhage internally; the characteristic "coffee ground" vomitus contains blood. The patient then lapses into delirium and coma, often followed by death. During epidemics the fatality rate was often as high as 85%. Although the disease still occurs, it is usually confined to sporadic outbreaks.
  • jace givens on 21 Apr 14
     
    FACT MONSTER
katelyn dunn

Facts About Smallpox - 2 views

www.randolphcountyhealth.org/...smallpox.html

smallpox facts

shared by katelyn dunn on 21 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Smallpox does not occur in nature. People cannot get smallpox by traveling to a foreign country, nor can they get it from people visiting this country. The only known stocks of the virus exist in high-security labs in Atlanta and Russia.
  • Vaccine given within 4 days of exposure can prevent the disease or lessen symptoms.
  • Smallpox is spread from one person to another by infected saliva droplets that expose a susceptible person who has face-to-face contact with the ill person. Persons with smallpox are most infectious after the onset of rash. Vaccine given within 4 days of exposure can prevent the disease or lessen symptoms. The vaccine does not contain smallpox virus. The incubation range for smallpox is 7 to 17 days following exposure. Initial symptoms include high fever, fatigue, and head and back aches. A characteristic rash, most prominent on the face, arms, and legs, follows in 2-3 days. 70% of patients with smallpox recover. Further, to help the media provide accurate information to the public through articles, interviews, or other venues, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials and ASTHO Affiliated Organizations are making the following experts available to answer questions about smallpox and related public health issues.
  • katelyn dunn on 21 Apr 14
     
    this is the environmental health services, so this site must be true about smallpox
Darien Fuller

Flu Facts - INFLUENZA 1918-1919 - 2 views

influenza1918.weebly.com/flu-facts.html

facts flu disease plague influenza History

shared by Darien Fuller on 21 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Characteristics 1) Start Suddenly 2) Spread Rapidly 3) People of all ages are affected4) Many people become ill5) The attack rate and death rate is high
    • Darien Fuller
      Darien Fuller on 21 Apr 14
       
      what to look for the influenza
  • The 1918 Influenza causes twenty to forty million deaths worldwide. More than one half of the casualties from World War I were from the flu.The Flu infected 25% of United States troops during the war killing more than one million men, according to War Department records. The Flu caused 500,000 deaths in the United States. In the States alone, 25 million people became ill. Twenty Four out of Thirty Six military camps in the United States experienced an influenza outbreak. Thirty of the Fifty largest cities suffered from an "excess mortality" from the influenza
  • This flu virus had a high attack and mortality rate among young adults ages twenty to fifty and created a "W" shaped mortality curve as the youngest and eldest portions of the populations were at the extremes and young adults were the bulk of those infected. One of the major concerns with this strain of the influenza virus was that it caused pneumonia. The body's defenses are severely weakened which makes bacteria easier to invade and cause secondary complications.   
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