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garzat5774

How birds fly | Sciencelearn Hub - 0 views

sciencelearn.org.nz/...How-birds-fly

birds

shared by garzat5774 on 03 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Birds have many physical features, besides wings, that work together to enable them to fly. They need lightweight, streamlined, rigid structures for flight. The four forces of flight – weight, lift, drag and thrust – affect the flight of birds.
  • Flying birds have: lightweight, smooth feathers – this reduces the forces of weight and drag a beak, instead of heavy, bony jaws and teeth – this reduces the force of weight an enlarged breastbone called a sternum for flight muscle attachment – this helps with the force of thrust light bones – a bird’s bones are basically hollow with air sacs and thin, tiny cross pieces to make bones stronger – this reduces the force of weight a rigid skeleton to provide firm attachments for powerful flight muscles – this helps with the force of thrust a streamlined body – this helps reduce the force of drag wings – these enable the force of lift.
  • WingsThe shape of a bird’s wing is important for producing lift. The increased speed over a curved, larger wing area creates a longer path of air. This means the air is moving more quickly over the top surface of the wing, reducing air pressure on the top of the wing and creating lift. Also, the angle of the wing (tilted) deflects air downwards, causing a reaction force in the opposite direction and creating lift.Larger wings produce greater lift than smaller wings. So smaller-winged birds (and planes) need to fly faster to maintain the same lift as those with larger wings.Wing loading tells you how fast a bird or plane must fly to be able to maintain lift: wing loading = weight/wing area (kilograms per square metre).A smaller wing loading number means the bird/plane can fly more slowly while still maintaining lift and is more manoeuvrable.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • GlidingWhen a bird is gliding, it doesn’t have to do any work. The wings are held out to the side of the body and do not flap. As the wings move through the air, they are held at a slight angle, which deflects the air downwards and causes a reaction in the opposite direction, which is lift. But there is also drag (air resistance) on the bird’s body, so every now and then, the bird has to tilt forward and go into a slight dive so that it can maintain forward speed.
  • SoaringSoaring flight is a special kind of glide in which the bird flies in a rising air current (called a thermal). Because the air is rising, the bird can maintain its height relative to the ground. The albatross uses this type of soaring to support its multi-year voyages at sea.
  • FlappingBirds’ wings flap with an up-and-down motion. This propels them forward. The entire wingspan has to be at the right angle of attack, which means the wings have to twist (and do so automatically) with each downward stroke to keep aligned with the direction of travel.
  • Birds obtain thrust by using their strong muscles and flapping their wings. Some birds may use gravity (for example, jumping from a tree) to give them forward thrust for flight. Others may use a running take-off from the ground.
  • Different birds have different adaptive features to meet their flight needs: Some birds are small and can manipulate their wings and tail to manoeuvre easily, such as the fantail (pīwakawaka). The hawk, with its large wingspan, is capable of speed and soaring. Gannets and seabirds are streamlined to dive at high speeds into the ocean for fish. Godwits, although small, are equipped to fly long distances.
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 03 Dec 14
       
      birds have some chacteristics that help them fly, birds are light weighted they have light feathers insted of heavy ones that add more weight to their bodys, they also have a beak insted of jaws that also add weight to their boddys, thay have hollow bones in their body that means that the bone has nothing inside it
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 03 Dec 14
       
      birds get ready to fly by flapping their wings, some birds use "gravity" to take of some run and they jump just like an airplane and others jump from a tree and then start flapping their winds
jaime5789

BBC Nature - Dinosaurs 'shrank' regularly to become birds - 0 views

www.bbc.co.uk/28563682

shared by jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Huge meat-eating, land-living dinosaurs evolved into birds by constantly shrinking for over 50 million years, scientists have revealed.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      Gigantic dinosaurs evolved into the small birds we know today! Scientists think that dinosaurs evolved into birds, now people also think that dinosaurs used to have feathers! Big meat eating dinosaurs such as the Spinosaurus and T-Rex may have evolved into the modern birds we know today! 
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      Gigantic dinosaurs evolved into the small birds that we see today! Scientists think that dinosaurs evolved into birds, now people also think that dinosaurs used to have feathers! Big meat eating dinosaurs such as the Spinosaurus and T-Rex may have evolved into the modern birds we know today! 
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      Gigantic dinosaurs such as the Spinosaurus and T-Rex evolved into the small birds that we see today. Scientists think that dinosaurs evolved into birds, now people also think that dinosaurs used to have feathers! 
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      New Paraphrase: Did you know that dinosaurs, such as the Tyrannosaurus Rex and the fearsome Velociraptor became smaller, and after 50 million years, we now think that... 
  • Previous work has shown that theropod dinosaurs, the dinosaur group which included Tyrannosaurus rex and Velociraptor and gave rise to modern birds, must have decreased in size at some point in their evolution into small, agile flyers.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      Now, work has shown that two legged dinosaurs including T-Rex and the fearsome Velociraptor gave birth to the birds we see today!
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      The University of Adelaide, wonders a lot about dinosaurs... They found out that dinosaurs such as Spinosaurus and Utahraptor made the birds we know today! 
  • But size changes frequently occurred in dinosaur evolution, so the research team members, led by Mike Lee, from the University of Adelaide, Australia, wanted to find out if the dramatic size reduction associated with the origin of birds was unique. They also wanted to measure the rate of evolution in dinosaurs using a large data set
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      Research indicates that dinosaurs constantly changed, the University of Adelaide wants to find out what makes the gigantic size changes? They found out that the evolution by dinosaur is unique and amazing! 
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      The University of Adelaide also wants to measure the the frequency of dinosaur evolution!
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      The U.O.A (University Of Adelaide) wonders, "how can something so big turn into something so small?" this is due to new eras, and the evolution of dinosaurs & birds!
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • They found that the dinosaur group directly related to birds shrank rapidly from about 200 million years ago.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      Scientists found out that a dinosaur species related to birds shrank in a short time and probably turned into the birds we know today! 
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      Dinosaur species related to birds, shrank in a short period of time! We know believe that they turned into the birds that we're familiar with today! 
  • Theropods shrunk 12 times from 163kg (25st 9lb) to 0.8kg (1.8lb), before becoming modern birds.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      Really big dinosaurs started shrinking and their weight decreased slowly..
  • The researchers found theropods were the only dinosaurs to get continuously smaller.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      Scientists now know that the two-legged dinosaur species were the dinosaurs that frequently got smaller! 
  • From this analysis they produced a detailed family tree mapping out the transformation of theropods to their bird descendants.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      We now predit that the two-legged dinosaurs transformed into birds!
  • It traces evolving adaptations and changing body size over time and across dinosaur branches.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      We now think that dinosaurs adapted into transforming into birds little by little! 
  • The researchers concluded that the evolution of the branch of dinosaurs leading to birds was more innovative than other dinosaur lineages.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      We conclude that, dinosaurs probably changed into birds! 
  • this sustained shrinking and accelerated evolution of smaller and smaller body size allowed the ancestors of birds to develop traits which helped them to cope much better than their less evolved dinosaur relatives.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 07 Nov 14
       
      Dinosaurs were getting smaller they developed traits to survive. 
  • The researchers believe that miniaturisation and the development of bird-like traits had a joint influence on the evolution of the dinosaurs into today's birds. Professor Michael Benton, from the University of Bristol's school of earth sciences, said: "This study means we can't see the origin of birds as a sudden or dramatic event, with a dinosaur becoming a powered flyer overnight. "The functions of each special feature of birds changed over time - feathers first for insulation, and later co-opted for flight; early reductions in body size perhaps for other reasons, and later they were small enough for powered flight; improvements in sense of sight and enlargement of brain - even a small improvement in these is advantageous. "So perhaps it's a long-term trend associated with deputation to a new set of habitats, in the trees, to avoid predation, and to exploit new food resources."
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 07 Nov 14
       
      Researchers now think that the shrinking of the dinosaurs was what developed dinosaurs into todays birds! Professor Michael from the University of Bristol says that we can't study the era of birds, just like that...
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 07 Nov 14
       
      This is a long process that didn't just happen like that, you sleep, you wake up and you're a bird, no! Its a very difficult process! 
  • "Birds evolved through a unique phase of sustained miniaturisation in dinosaurs," Mr Lee said.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 07 Nov 14
       
      Birds evolved due to the dinosaurs becoming smaller!
lobo5879

Five Stages Of Sleep ... Sleep Cycles Explained - 2 views

www.better-sleep-better-life.com/five-stages-of-sleep.html

stages sleep

shared by lobo5879 on 03 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Stage 1This is the lightest stage of sleep, the transition phase, where you feel yourself drifting off. If you were to forget about the alarm clock and allow yourself to wake up naturally, Stage 1 sleep would be the last stage before you fully wake up. You don't spend too much time in Stage 1 sleep, typically five to 10 minutes, just enough to allow your body to slow down and your muscles to relax.
    • lobo5879
      lobo5879 on 04 Nov 14
       
      The stage 1 of sleep is when you are starting to relax your muscles and start to sleep. This stages is not very long it is about 5 to ten minutes. This stage is when you wake up more quickly for example if someone touches you you will easily wake up.
  • Stage 2The second stage of sleep is still considered light sleep. Your brain activity starts to slow down, as well as your heart rate and breathing. Your body temperature falls a little and you're beginning to reach a state of total relaxation in preparation for the deeper sleep to come.
  • Stage 3Stage 3 sleep is the start of deep sleep, also known as slow wave sleep. During stage 3, your brain waves are slow "delta waves," although there may still be short bursts of faster of brain activity (also known as beta-waves). If you were to get awakened suddenly during this stage, you would be groggy and confused, and find it difficult to focus at first.
    • lobo5879
      lobo5879 on 04 Nov 14
       
      this stage is when your body is finishing to relax and example is: if someone trys to wake you up you would be confused and do not know what is happening because you were already finishing to completely relax
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Stage 4Of the five stages of sleep, this is the one when you experience your deepest sleep of the night. Your brain only shows delta-wave (slow wave) activity, and it's difficult to wake someone up when they're in Stage 4 of sleep.
    • lobo5879
      lobo5879 on 04 Nov 14
       
      this stage i when you are more hardly to be awaken. In this stage is when you start to dream and this stage is when the kids start having nightmares
  • It's during Stage 4 sleep that children are most likely to suffer from bedwetting or sleep terrors. Stages 3 and 4 can last anywhere from 5 - 15 minutes each, but the first deep sleep of the night is more likely to be an hour or so. This is the time when the body does most of it's repair work and regeneration.
  • Stage 5 This is the stage of sleep when you dream. It is also referred to as "active sleep" or REM sleep, which stands for the rapid eye movements that characterize Stage 5. During REM sleep, your blood flow, breathing, and brain activity increases. An EEG would show that your brain is about as active as it is when you're awake.Another aspect of Stage 5 sleep is that the muscles in your arms and legs will go through periods of paralysis. Scientists speculate that this may be nature's way of protecting us from acting out our dreams.The first period of REM sleep of the night usually begins about 90 minutes after you start drifting off, and lasts for about 10 minutes. As the night passes, the periods of REM sleep become longer, with the final episode lasting an hour or so.Babies may spend as much as half of the time they're asleep in the REM phase. For a healthy adult, Stage 5 occurs for about 20 to 25% of the time you are sleeping, and decreases with age.Scientists and researchers are continually learning more about the mechanics and physiological effects of sleep, and what happens during the five stages of sleep.
    • lobo5879
      lobo5879 on 04 Nov 14
       
      This stage is when you are completly relaxed and many babies are many time during this tage and adults are abaut 25% of they sleep
    • lobo5879
      lobo5879 on 06 Nov 14
       
      This stage is more dificult to wake up because you are alrady in deep sleep.
Nany Rocha

Stanford research: The meaningful life is a road worth traveling - 2 views

news.stanford.edu/...ningful-happy-life-010114.html

happiness meaning research

shared by Nany Rocha on 06 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • One can find meaning in life and be unhappy at the same time. Aaker points out that this type of life has received less attention in the media, which has recently focused on how to cultivate the happy life.  Examples of highly meaningful, but not necessarily happy, lives may include nursing, social work or even activism. The unhappy but meaningful life involves difficult undertakings and can be characterized by stress, struggle and challenges. However, while sometimes unhappy in the moment, these people – connected to a larger sense of purpose and value – make positive contributions to society. Happiness without meaning is characterized by a relatively shallow and often self-oriented life, in which things go well, needs and desires are easily satisfied, and difficult or taxing entanglements are avoided, the report noted. And so, the meaningful life guides actions from the past through the present to the future, giving one a sense of direction. It offers ways to value good and bad alike, and gives us justifications for our aspirations. From achieving our goals to regarding ourselves in a positive light, a life of meaningfulness is considerably different than mere happiness. "People have strong inner desires that shape their lives with purpose and focus – qualities that ultimately make for a uniquely human experience," said Aaker.
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 07 Nov 14
       
      Happiness comes from having stuff only if you think about happiness like that. Happiness actually comes from not being stressed and trying to be with your family.
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 07 Nov 14
       
      People think that happiness comes from having phones,toys,etc.but thats the problem,Thanks to other peoples blogs and myths people think that the only way to be happy is from having stuff,and from having the "Happiness stuff" comes being "Buried alive".
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 07 Nov 14
       
      Being happy is not about having stuff,its about being with your family,Happiness is the best thing that can happen to anybody.Happiness is kind of the meaning of life,it gives us a meaning of what to do and when to do it.Happiness gives us a path to life,happiness is when you are with your family,happiness helps us understand that we can do better than what we already do.Happiness as you know doesn't come from having stuff,
    • morales5853
      morales5853 on 07 Nov 14
       
      no
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 07 Nov 14
       
      Happiness is also known as a goal of life.It represents us as who we are. Happiness shows on our face.It makes other people see our pride sometimes other people feel our pride so much that they show their pride,and the happiness influence goes and goes until at some point it stops.nI clearly think that if it wasn't for happiness,pride and making our goals (Not soccer goals) we would still be cavemen and cavewomen because without them we would be terrible we would feel stupid we would feel so dum that not even Benjamin Franklin would've created the light because he probably would've felt stupid. So thats why being happy is important because without happiness we wouldn't have accomplished anything.And look at us now we already went to the moon we made a tv we made a telephone and now we have iphones.it all happened thanks to our 1 and greatest feeling:Happiness.
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 10 Nov 14
       
      Sometimes people feel sad and depressed so they go to the mall and go buy clothes and other items,then they claim to be relaxed and happy but Jennifer Aaker proved that its not true.In fact she proved that there are lots of ways to be happy but only 1 way is the most true hearted : Social work and also being with your family.But you cant be happy by just standing besides your family,you would have to be social with them.
  • A Stanford research project explored the key differences between lives of happiness and meaningfulness. While the two are similar, dramatic differences exist – and one should not underestimate the power of meaningfulness. "The quest for meaning is a key part of what makes us human," the researchers concluded.
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 07 Nov 14
       
      A Stanford research project explored the key differences between lives of happiness and meaningfulness. While the two are similar, dramatic differences exist - and one should not underestimate the power of meaningfulness. "The quest for meaning is a key part of what makes us human," the researchers concluded. BY CLIFTON B. PARKER Social psychologist Jennifer Aaker studies happiness and meaningfulness in life. While lives of meaningfulness and happiness overlap, they are distinctly different, according to Stanford research. But not everybody understands that happiness comes from within not from having or buying stuff. 50% of the world population (Not counting the babies) thinks that the more stuff they got or get the happier they'll be!But of course that we the "smart" population think otherwise. Social psychologist Jennifer Aaker has studied her whole life everything about happiness and she taught us that happiness comes from within happiness comes from smiling everyday from being social with friends or family.Happiness doesn't come from having stuff not at all!! Happiness is the greatest gift of all,happiness isnt just a feeling,happiness is a friendly shadow that follows you everywhere only if you let it.
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 07 Nov 14
       
      The Stanford research project of Jennifer Aaker explains how to get happiness and why it is important.But now I realize that not everybody understands that happiness comes from within not from having or buying stuff. 50% of the world population (Not counting the babies) thinks that the more stuff they got or get the happier they'll be!But of course that we the "smart" population think otherwise. Social psychologist Jennifer Aaker has studied her whole life everything about happiness and she taught us that happiness comes from within happiness comes from smiling everyday from being social with friends or family.Happiness doesn't come from having stuff not at all!! Happiness is the greatest gift of all,happiness isn't just a feeling,happiness is a friendly shadow that follows you everywhere only if you let it.When I say that happiness is a shadow following you only if you let it its because this days happiness is a complete shadow.Not everybody is happy and someday we might never feel happiness ever again,But while I get off topic you should think : "Wow,I should listen to her.I should be grateful for what I already have, instead of getting more stuff." Because the more you think about it the more you understand that happiness is our path to life.that happiness is our friend happiness is our heart that keeps us alive.Thats why we smile thats why we cry thats why we love laugh and live. Without happiness we would be grumpier than the grumpiest cat.We should think more about being grateful than thinking of what to buy to be happy.
  • Nany Rocha on 06 Nov 14
     
    A bit boring but i hope its helpful!
  • morales5853 on 07 Nov 14
     
    A bit boring but i hope its helpful!
Nany Rocha

Stereotypes Examples - Examples Of Stereotypes - 0 views

fos.iloveindia.com/stereotypes-examples.html

stereotype examples facts

shared by Nany Rocha on 04 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Whenever we don't have a good understanding of a subject, say, of people or countries, then we tend to make assumptions about them. Stereotype is nothing but those assumptions that have become common knowledge. Whenever you make judgments about people without knowing them, you are stereotyping them. Stereotyping makes people generalize things. More often, they are all false assumptions. Though there are both positive and negative stereotypes, a majority of them are offensive. People generally stereotype out of bias against a particular group of people or religion. Stereotyping becomes a way of conveying their dislike. Of course, stereotyping stems from a commonly held view of a particular group or race. This view may arise from an incident or false assumption, and then maybe used to color the entire community with the same brush. There are various types of stereotypes. However, the most common ones are racial stereotypes and gender stereotypes. Race, nationality, gender and sexual orientation are the main factors of stereotyping. Stereotyping must be avoided at all costs, as it leads to treating groups as a single entity. Given below are examples of stereotypes that people commonly use.
  • Examples Of Stereotypes Negative Stereotypes All blond women are dumb. All red heads are sluts. Christians are homophobic. They are blinded by God and will recruit you if you go near them. All politicians are philanders and think only of personal gain and benefit. If I wear Goth clothing I'm a part of a rock band, depressed, or do drugs. Girls are only concerned about physical appearance. Guys are messy and unclean. Men who spend too much time on the computer or read are geeks. Men who are not into sports are termed as gay. All librarians are women who are old, wear glasses, tie a high bun, and have a perpetual frown on their face. Girls are not good at sports. All teenagers are rebels. All children don't enjoy healthy food. Only anorexic women can become models. Women who smoke and drink do not have morals. Men who like pink are effeminate.
  • Positive Stereotypes All Blacks are great basketball players. All Asians are geniuses. All Indians are deeply spiritual. All Latinos dance well. All Whites are successful. Asians have high IQs. They are smarter than most in Math and Science. These people are more likely to succeed in school. African Americans can dance. All Canadians are exceptionally polite. French are romantic. All Asians know kung fu. All African American men are well endowed. Italians are good lovers
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • types Women Women always smell good. Women take forever to do anything. Women are more brilliant than men. Women are always moody. Women try to work out problems while men take immediate action. All women like the color pink. All women like dolls. Women become cheerleaders. Women take 2 hours to shower. Women hog the bathroom. Women love mirrors. Women like make-up. Women are fussy about their hair. Women work in department stores. Women like fashion magazines. Women are discrete about intimacy. Women do not drive well. Women never take chances. Women always talk too much on the phone. Women actually use only 5% of what's in their purse. Everything else is junk. Only women can be nurses.
  • Men Only men can be doctors. Men are stronger and more aggressive. Men are better at sports. Men hate reading. Men always have an "I don't care" attitude. Men don't get grossed out by scrapes and bruises. Men are tough. Men are thickheaded. Men like cars. Men become jocks in high school. Men take 2 seconds to shower. Men like hats. Men could care less if they become bald. Men wear whatever is clean. Men usually work in messy places. Men like car or porn magazines. Men brag about intimacy. Men take too many chances. Men always lose all arguments against girls. Every race, culture, country, religion and a community has a stereotype. It is a way of oversimplifying groups of people. It is one of the easiest ways of establishing identity. By conforming to a fixed or conventional image, the identity can be recognized and understood. And, herein lies the problem. It's hard to be objective if one doesn't reject stereotypes. So, it is better not to use any stereotype and pass judgments only when you are familiar with others.
  • Every race, culture, country, religion and a community has a stereotype.
  • Every race, culture, country, religion and a community has a stereotype.
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 05 Nov 14
       
      Every region and race has a stereotype.It is a way of sometimes insulting but also simplifying.But is actually better to not talk or show someone stereotypes because it could be a judgment and you could hurt others if you really know them. 
  • Nany Rocha on 04 Nov 14
     
    It describes what kinds of stereotypes there is
Diego Hinojosa

Saturn -- Britannica School - 0 views

school.eb.com/...345008

saturn atmosphere

shared by Diego Hinojosa on 05 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Saturn was named after the ancient Roman god of agriculture. His counterpart in ancient Greek mythology was Cronus, the father of Zeus (the counterpart of the Roman god Jupiter). The planet Jupiter is Saturn’s nearest neighbor and the closest to it in size and composition. Like Jupiter, Saturn is a giant world formed mainly of hydrogen with no solid surface. It has a massive atmosphere, or surrounding layer of gases, with complex weather patterns. ESA/NASA/JPL/University of ArizonaESA/NASA/JPL/University of Arizona The planet’s extensive system of icy moons includes nine major moons and dozens of small ones. Some of the moons help create the rings and maintain their shape. Titan, the largest of Saturn’s moons, is bigger than the planet Mercury. It is the only moon in the solar system known to have a dense atmosphere.
    • Diego Hinojosa
      Diego Hinojosa on 05 Nov 14
       
      Saturn is the planet that has a lot of similarities to jupiter it dosen't have a solid surface. I't, with jupiter are the only planet with no solid surface it has a very harsh atmosphere.
    • Diego Hinojosa
      Diego Hinojosa on 06 Nov 14
       
      Saturn has a lot of similarities with Jupiter.They both don't have a solid surface they are both made of no more than oxygen etc. It has a massive and harsh atmosphere and it is the biggest planet with jupiter. Saturn has rings inside of the rings it has a mixture of things like sand and other materials.
garza6544

How are rainbows made? - 0 views

faculty.cord.edu/...genamahlen.html

sky Info

shared by garza6544 on 03 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • The birth of each rainbow begins with millions of tiny rain droplets.  The rain droplets serve as a type of reflector of light.  White light enters one individual rain droplet and exits as one specific color of the spectrum.  Without millions of rain droplets, a rainbow would not occur.  If you only had a few rain droplets you would only see a few colors.  This is typically why rainbow appear after a rain storm
  • Each rain droplet has a function in the formation of the rainbow. Sunlight enters the rain droplet at a specific angle and the rain droplet separates the white light into many different colors.  This angle is a fixed measurement between your eye
  • and the sun.  What color is refracted depends upon the critical angle,                   which is the angle the sunlight strikes the back of the rain droplet.  Red light bends the least, exiting the rain droplet at a 42 degree angle, while Violet light bends the most, exiting the rain droplet at a 40 degree angle.  All of the other colors of the rainbow exit the rain droplets at some angle between 40 and 42 degrees, thus making up the colors of the rainbow ROYGBIV, this order never changes.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Each rain droplet reflects all colors at a given point and time, but only one color comes back to your eye, requiring million of rain droplets to create a rainbow.  As the rain droplets fall through the sky, the colors of the spectrum being reflected and refracted are constantly changing.
  • The perfect time and place to look for a rainbow you need bright sunlight to your back and rain clouds off in the distance in the direction of your shadow. If it is later than 4:30 in the afternoon or earlier than 8:30 in the morning at these condition there is a very good chance you will be able to see a rainbow in the sky.  Other places you may see rainbows formed are fountains, in the ocean as the waves crash against the rock which create a mist in the air, waterfalls, sprinklers and mist from a garden hose. Always remember to have the sun at your back to see a rainbow, happy rainbow hunting!!!!!!
  • Rainbows form a complete circle, however only half is visible.  The horizon only  Picture from the web site of the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University                                                             allows us to see half of the rainbow circle, so we see just an arc.  What causes the rainbow to have a circular formation is the way that rain droplets fall.  The rain droplets do not fall is flat sheet, however they tend to fall at various distances and speeds.  On some occasions you can see a full circle around a garden hose.
    • garza6544
      garza6544 on 03 Dec 14
       
      each rainbow is made by millions of rain droplets. the rain droplets make a reflect of light and it makes different colors. While light comes in a specific Droplet then it makes a specific color. Without milions and milions of rain droplets the rainbow cant be formed. If you only have a few rain droplets then you will only see a few colors. This is the reason why they happen after a rain storm.
  • function
    • garza6544
      garza6544 on 03 Dec 14
       
      Each rain droplet that rains  is always useful to make a rainbow because every rainbow needs to do something different to make a rainbow. The rain droplets separates the light into different colors.
garzat5774

BrainPOP | Hair - 1 views

www.brainpop.com/...hair

brainpop hair

shared by garzat5774 on 05 Nov 14 - No Cached
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 05 Nov 14
       
      All mammals have hair in there body because they need to keep themselves warm when it's cold, we are warm blooded as the rest of the mammals. all mammels have hair exept the water mammels like whales and dolphins but they keep warm there bodies by eatins a lot of amilals and get layers of fat that will keep them warm, but etherway they have at least a little bit of hair one point during there lives. 
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 05 Nov 14
       
      Hummans have hair in almost every part of our body, some places that don't include our lips, the palms of your hand and the souls of your feet. But our hair is different in each part of your body. One type of hair is the lauguno hair, wish is the hair babies are covered with.Another type of hair is the vellus hair wish is the hair moat of your body is covered with, those hair is the one in your legs and arms and mesures less than 1 inch,And the 3rd type is the terminal hair wish is longer than an inch and grows in the top of your head and other places.
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 05 Nov 14
       
      how doe your hair grow? first before you are born tiny foccils are formed inside your skin, foccils are like roots but for hair. you have a ton of focills you have 100,000 yust in your head alone. AT the bottom of each foccils you have thousands of cells with are dividing each second , as they divide and are craetedb the old ones are pushed out and out of you head this makes hair
  • ...1 more annotation...
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 05 Nov 14
       
      each hair has 2 or 3 diffrent types of layers the outermost layer is called the cuticle wich protects the rest of the hair. the middle hair is called the cortex, and the center of the hair is caled meddul, you only have medulla in your terminal hair and if you are a natural blande you dont have any meddula at all.
marino5856

hour (unit of time) -- Encyclopedia Britannica - 0 views

global.britannica.com/...hour

hours 24 not 60

shared by marino5856 on 31 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • in timekeeping
  • 3,600 seconds, now defined in terms of radiation emitted from atoms of the element cesium under specified conditions. The hour was formerly defined as the 24th part of a mean solar day—i.e., of the average period of rotation of the Earth relative to the Sun. The hour of sidereal time, 1/24 of the Earth’s rotation period relative to the stars, was about 10 seconds shorter than the hour of mean solar time.
    • marino5856
      marino5856 on 05 Nov 14
       
      It also has 24 hours the earth because in the system of the egyptians it said that it also has 24 hours because of the earth spinning.
  • In even earlier systems of timekeeping, an hour was 1/12 of a period of daylight or darkness—hence, variable in length with seasonal changes in the length of day and night. The custom of dividing the cycle of day and night into 24 periods seems to have originated with the ancient Egyptians.
marino5856

Why is a minute divided into 60 seconds, an hour into 60 minutes, yet there are only 24... - 0 views

www.scientificamerican.com/...me-division-days-hours-minutes

60 minute seconds minutes

shared by marino5856 on 05 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Thanks to documented evidence of the Egyptians' use of sundials, most historians credit them with being the first civilization to divide the day into smaller parts. The first sundials were simply stakes placed in the ground that indicated time by the length and direction of the resulting shadow. As early as 1500 B.C., the Egyptians had developed a more advanced sundial.
    • marino5856
      marino5856 on 06 Nov 14
       
      Thanks to the duodecimal system. The  egyptians used the system to make counting more easier. Also the number 12 is typically attributed.
  • A T-shaped bar placed in the ground, this instrument was calibrated to divide the interval between sunrise and sunset into 12 parts. This division reflected Egypt's use of the duodecimal system--the importance of the number 12 is typically attributed either to the fact that it equals the number of lunar cycles in a year or the number of finger joints on each hand (three in each of the four fingers, excluding the thumb), making it possible to count to 12 with the thumb.
  • The next-generation sundial likely formed the first representation of what we now call the hour. Although the hours within a given day were approximately equal, their lengths varied during the year, with summer hours being much longer than winter hours
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Egyptian astronomers also first observed a set of 36 stars that divided the circle of the heavens into equal parts. The passage of night could be marked by the appearance of 18 of these stars, three of which were assigned to each of the two twilight periods when the stars were difficult to view. The period of total darkness was marked by the remaining 12 stars, again resulting in 12 divisions of night (another nod to the duodecimal system).
    • marino5856
      marino5856 on 06 Nov 14
       
      Egyptians noticed that there was 36 stars in each part so they divided that into equal parts 12.
guzman5862

The Healing Properties of Tears: 7 Good Reasons to Cry Your Eyes Out - Beyond Blue - 0 views

www.beliefnet.com/...ays-tears-and-crying-heal.html

cry eyes reasons works facts

shared by guzman5862 on 10 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • 1. Tears help us see. Starting with the most basic function of tears, they enable us to see. Literally. Tears not only lubricate our eyeballs and eyelids, they also prevent dehydration of our various mucous membranes. No lubrication, no eyesight. Writes Bergman: “Without tears, life would be drastically different for humans–in the short run enormously uncomfortable, and in the long run eyesight would be blocked out altogether.”
  • 2. Tears kill bacteria. No need for Clorox wipes. We’ve got tears! Our own antibacterial and antiviral agent working for us, fighting off all the germs we pick up on community computers, shopping carts, public sinks, and all those places the nasty little guys make their homes and procreate. Tears contain lysozyme, a fluid that the germ-a-phobic dreams about in her sleep, because it can kill 90 to 95 percent of all bacteria in just five to 10 minutes! Which translates, I’m guessing, to three months’ worth of colds and stomach viruses.
  • 3. Tears remove toxins. Biochemist William Frey, who has been researching tears for as long as I’ve been searching for sanity, found in one
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • study that emotional tears–those formed in distress or grief–contained more toxic byproducts than tears of irritation (think onion peeling). Are tears toxic then? No! They actually remove toxins from our body that build up courtesy of stress. They are like a natural therapy or massage session, but they cost a lot less!
  • 4. Crying can elevate mood. Do you know what your manganese level is? No, neither do I. But chances are that you will feel better if it’s lower because overexposure to manganese can cause bad stuff: anxiety, nervousness, irritability, fatigue, aggression, emotional disturbance and the rest of the feelings that live inside my happy head rent-free. The act of crying can lower a person’s manganese level. And just like with the toxins I mentioned in my last point, emotional tears contain 24 percent higher albumin protein concentration–responsible for transporting many small molecules (which has to be a good thing, right?)–than irritation tears.
  • 5. Crying lowers stress. Tears really are like perspiration in that exercising and crying both relieve stress. For real. In his article, Bergman explains that tears remove some of the chemicals built up in the body from stress, like the endorphin leucine-enkaphalin and prolactin, the hormone I overproduce because of my pituitary tumor that affects my mood and stress tolerance. The opposite is true too. Bergman writes, “Suppressing tears increases stress levels, and contributes to diseases aggravated by stress, such as high blood pressure, heart problems, and peptic ulcers.
  • 6. Tears build community. In her “Science Digest” article, writer Ashley Montagu argued that crying not only contributes to good health, but it also builds community. I know what you’re thinking: “Well, yeah, but not the right kind of community. I mean, I might ask the woman bawling her eyes out behind me in church what’s wrong or if I can help her, but I’m certainly not going to invite her to dinner.” I beg to differ. As a prolific crier, especially on video, I always come away astounded by the comments … the resounding support of people I know all that well, and the level of intimacy exchanged among them. Read for yourselves some of the comments on both my self-esteem video and my recent death and dying video and you’ll appreciate my point. Tears help communication and foster community.
  • 7. Tears release feelings. Even if you haven’t just been through something traumatic or are severely depressed, the average Jo goes through his day accumulating conflicts and resentments. Sometimes they gather inside the limbic system of the brain and in certain corners of the heart. Crying is cathartic. It lets the devils out. Before they wreak all kind of havoc with the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Writes John Bradshaw in his bestseller “Home Coming”: “All these feelings need to be felt. We need to stomp and storm; to sob and cry; to perspire and tremble.” Amen, Brother Bradford!
Isabel Herrera

Yale Scientific Magazine - Does Sugar Really Make Children Hyper? - 0 views

www.yalescientific.org/...gar-really-make-children-hyper

sugar

shared by Isabel Herrera on 03 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Years of oral tradition say yes, but modern science disagrees.
    • Isabel Herrera
      Isabel Herrera on 03 Dec 14
       
      Parents around the world often say that sugar really causes kids to get hyper but real studies from scientists actually proves that it doesn't. 
  • Science first became interested in the link between sugar and hyperactivity when the Feingold Diet became popular in 1973. Devised by allergist Dr. Benjamin Feingold, it advocated the removal of food additives, such as dyes and artificial flavors, from children’s diets because they might lead to hyperactivity. Although this special diet did not originally mention sugar, sugar became grouped under the category of food additives due to the common belief that it affected behavior.
    • Isabel Herrera
      Isabel Herrera on 03 Dec 14
       
      Scientists became interested in sugar and how it affects kids just when the diet turned popular in 1973. Allergist Dr Benjamin Feingold has been deciding to do the "removal" of food with color dye and artificial flavors from kids diets because they might get to the point of hyperactivity.
  • Through various experiments over the years, scientists have discovered that no substantial evidence exists to support the claim that sugar causes hyperactivity.
    • Isabel Herrera
      Isabel Herrera on 03 Dec 14
       
      Even though scientists say that sugar does not cause hyperactivity, they still have no evidence for that.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Nonetheless, other experiments show that sugar may at least influence behavior.
    • Isabel Herrera
      Isabel Herrera on 03 Dec 14
       
      But others studies show that sugar might not affect hyper kids, but it may affect behavior 
  • Dr. Wesnes conducted a study in which he found that having a large amount of sugar for breakfast led to a severe deterioration of attention span when compared to having no breakfast or eating whole grain cereal. Dr. Tamborlane, also from Yale, reported that children given sugar had higher levels of adrenaline. A possible explanation for this effect is that since sugar is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream, blood sugar rises quickly, which can lead to higher adrenaline levels and thus symptoms similar to those associated with hyperactivity. Furthermore, children with ADHD also tend to have higher levels of insulin.
    • Isabel Herrera
      Isabel Herrera on 04 Dec 14
       
      Dr Wesnes found that if a kid has a huge pile of sugar for breakfast it can cause them to not pay attention at anything. But if you have a whole grain breakfast you can be more concentrate more. Also Dr Tamborlane says that kids that eat alot of sugar have "higher levels of adrenaline. Another way to say this is that if you eat a lot of sugar all the sugar is absorbed to the "bloodstream" and blood sugar goes up quickly, that"s why kids can have higher levels of "adrenaline."
CLudio Villarreal

Cysticercosis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Cysticercosis

Brain worm in humans tan tan!

shared by CLudio Villarreal on 31 Oct 14 - Cached
  • Cysticercosis is a tissue infection caused by the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium).[1] People may have little or no symptoms for years, develop approximately one to two centimeter painless solid bumps in the skin and muscles, or have neurological symptoms if the brain is affected.[1][2] After months or years these bumps can become painful and swollen then resolve.[2] When cysts form in the brain it is known as neurocysticercosis.[3] In the developing world this is one of the most common cause of seizures.[2]
  • The disease is usually spread by eating foods or water that contains the tapeworm's eggs.[1] The foods most commonly believed to be the cause are uncooked vegetables.
  • Taeniasis is due to eating cysts in poorly cooked pork.
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  • Preventing the infection involves: cooking pork well, proper toilets and improved access to clean water.
  • In some cases, cysticerci may be found in the globe, extraocular muscles, and subconjunctiva. Depending on the location, they may cause visual difficulties that fluctuate with eye position, retinal edema, hemorrhage, a decreased vision or even a visual loss.[7][12]
  • Subcutaneous cysts are in the form of firm, mobile nodules, occurring mainly on the trunk and extremities.[13] Subcutaneous
  • Cysticercosis also affects pigs and cows but rarely causes symptoms as most do not live long enough.[1] The disease has occurred in humans throughout history.[5]
  • nodules are sometimes painfu
  • Cysticerci can develop in any voluntary muscle in humans.[7] Invasion of muscle by cysticerci can cause myositis, with fever, eosinophilia, and muscular pseudohypertrophy, which initiate with muscle swelling and later progress to atrophy and fibrosis.[7] In most cases, it is asymptomatic since the cysticerci die and become calcified.
  • The term neurocysticercosis is generally accepted to refer to cysts in the parenchyma of the brain. It presents with seizures and, less commonly, headaches.[8] Cysticerca in brain parenchyma are usually 5–20 mm in diameter. In subarachnoid space and fissures, lesions may be as large as 6 cm in diameter and lobulated.
    • CLudio Villarreal
      CLudio Villarreal on 04 Nov 14
       
      Cysticerosis is a disease in the brain tissue that is caused by the pork tapeworm.Some people have few symptoms and some may have many for various years.People get little bumps on the skin and muscle, or you could have neurological symptoms if the brain is affected by the worm.After the years the bumps become painful and after some time they resolve.A cluster of cells then form in the brain, and that is one of the most common cause of surgeries in the world of today.The desiase is usually spread by vegetables that contain the tapeworms eggs, although it is believed that the most common cause of disease are eating uncooked vegetables.
    • CLudio Villarreal
      CLudio Villarreal on 06 Nov 14
       
      Some of the time, a cluster of cells form in the eye, when the globe gets infected it may suffer visual loss.The bumps often occur in the trunk and the extremities.
    • CLudio Villarreal
      CLudio Villarreal on 07 Nov 14
       
      There is a vaccine for pigs to try and remove Cystisercosis. These vaccines prove to be very effective, these treatments can completely destroy cysticercosis. The cure is developing but can you imagine injecting all the pigs in the world? That would require a lot of money and it would be far grater challenge finding all the pigs in the world.
marino5856

Why are there 24 hours in a day? › Ask an Expert (ABC Science) - 0 views

www.abc.net.au/...3364432.htm

day hours

shared by marino5856 on 31 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • "The origin of our time system of 24 hours in a day with each hour subdivided into 60 minutes and then 60 seconds is complex and interesting," says Dr Nick Lomb, consultant curator of astronomy, from the Sydney Observatory.
  • Our 24-hour day comes from the ancient Egyptians who divided day-time into 10 hours they measured with devices such as shadow clocks, and added a twilight hour at the beginning and another one at the end of the day-time, says Lomb.
  • "Night-time was divided in 12 hours, based on the observations of stars. The Egyptians had a system of 36 star groups called 'decans' — chosen so that on any night one decan rose 40 minutes after the previous one.
    • marino5856
      marino5856 on 04 Nov 14
       
      The 24 hours has been invented by the egyptians. They first divided it into 10 hours but then they divided it in 12 because of the twilight. So night time was divide in 12 hours because they wanted to see the stars in the night and also that there would be light in the day.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • The subdivision of hours and minutes into 60 comes from the ancient Babylonians who had a predilection for using numbers to the base 60. For example, III II (using slightly different strokes) meant three times 60 plus two or 182.
  • "We have retained from the Babylonians not only hours and minutes divided into 60, but also their division of a circle into 360 parts or degrees," says Lomb.
  • While each country has (in broad terms) historically had distinct measurements for distance, weights etc the method of splitting the day into 24 hours, one hour into 60 mins and one minute into 60 seconds seems to be the only one in use, and indeed to me the only one I know of. This non-metric measurement of time is far from ideal, but what other comparably accurate methods have been used historically?
Nany Rocha

Gender Focus | The History of Pink for Girls and Blue for Boys - 1 views

www.gender-focus.com/...pink-for-girls

gender pink blue girls boys

shared by Nany Rocha on 31 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • But did you know that pink hasn’t always been a colour for girls, or blue for boys? In Michael Kimmel’s outstanding Manhood in America: A Cultural History, he points out that clothing wasn’t colour-coded in America until the early twentieth century, before which little boys and girls were dressed pretty much identically. Even when people started pushing for more gender-specific children’s clothing, there was a huge debate over which colour to assign to which gender. It started out with boys wearing pink or red because the colours were seen to indicate strength, while girls wore blue because they were “flighty” like the sky. From a 1918 editorial called “Pink or Blue” cited by Kimmel:
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 04 Nov 14
       
      Michael Kimmel pointed out that color coding wasn't used in the vintage america.In fact little boys and little girls used to dress up the same way.But then people wanted to make little kids use specific colored clothes.It started with boys wearing pink or red stuff because the colors where supposed to symbolize strength,while girls used blue because it was soft and dainty (Delicate).
  • So basically the colours changed based on which colour was seen to denote the strength of boys and delicacy of girls, but the idea that those traits are inborn and inalienable did not. It’s not just clothes: walk through the girls’ section of any Toys R Us and you’ll see shelf after shelf of pink, pink, pink. While little girls enjoy some leeway to play with blue toys, many boys get mocked if they want to play with pink “girls’ toys” and sometimes their parents and relatives start panicking that they might even grow up to be (gasp) gay. The fact that parents worry about the sexuality of their kids at all is crazy enough in itself, but that’s for another time. Back to colour-coding.
  • If you think boys and girls just forget about coding gender based on colour once they hit puberty, you’d be wrong. Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio made headlines when he started forcing male inmates to wear pink underwear to humiliate them. He says it’s a deterrent to reoffending because inmates don’t want to come back and be forced to wear pink again. How screwed up is it that we’ve given a colour so much meaning in less than 100 years that it would make grown male criminals tremble just to think about wearing it?
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • his is about more than policing convicts, it’s about policing the boundaries of masculinity and reinforcing homophobia. Kimmel states: “Homophobia is more than the irrational fear of homosexuals…[it] is the fear of other men – that other men will unmask us, emasculate us, reveal to us and the world that we do not measure up, are not real men.” The pink and blue shoe keychains might not seem like a big deal, and indeed most people don’t think twice about them. But imagine how much harder it could be for some trans and intersex people to negotiate a restroom ritual like this. Gender-neutral washrooms are a big step towards fixing this issue, but so is realizing that blue-pink colour coding is just the tip of the iceberg of things we use to arbitrarily divide “masculine” from “feminine”.
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 04 Nov 14
       
      Gender stereotypes are something that might not seem important,but actually it is a bit important because it kind of symbolizes what a girl or boy will or would use as clothes or other things.I really think that all this stereotypes are dum because it actually doesn't make sense.
guzman5862

Automobile safety - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Automobile_safety

shared by guzman5862 on 03 Dec 14 - Cached
  • Automobile safety is the study and practice of design, construction, equipment and regulation to minimize the occurrence and consequences of automobile accidents. Road traffic safety more broadly includes roadway design. One of the first formal academic studies into improving vehicle safety was by Cornell Aeronautical Labs of Buffalo, New York. The main conclusion of their extensive report is the crucial importance of seat belts and padded dashboards.[1] However, the primary vector of traffic-related deaths and injuries is the disproportionate mass and velocity of an automobile compared to that of the predominant victim, the pedestrian.[citation needed] In the United States a pedestrian is injured by an automobile every 8 minutes, and are 1.5 times more likely than a vehicle's occupants to be killed in an automobile crash per outing.[2]
    • guzman5862
      guzman5862 on 03 Dec 14
       
      In the cars you need to be safe and they are made like that for a reason so that you are safe and for the system inside the car is safe. A lot of persons have been dead for the cause of trafic because they get too much desperate that they try to go fast but they crash, thats why they had decided to make sit belts. The system inside the car is really little and thats why the car has a lot of things around it and the car is made like that for a reason like an oval so that they crash them with the car is suposed to not happen anything. 
marino5856

Ever wonder why a day has 24 hours and a minute has 60 seconds - OMG Facts - The World'... - 0 views

www.omgfacts.com/...rs-and-a-minute-has-60-seconds

facts world of 24 hours

shared by marino5856 on 07 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Egyptians (who used base 12) developed a sundial which looked like a T-shaped bar placed in the ground with would divide the time between sunrise and sunset into 12 parts. Because of the seasonal change in the length of time between sunrise and sunset, summer hours were longer than winter hours! Historians theorize that the importance of 12 is based on the number of finger joints on each hand (not counting the thumb) or the number of lunar cycles in a year. The division of the night into 12 parts was achieved by Egyptian astronomers who observed the appearance of 12 key stars in the night sky. Out of these divisions was born the concept of a 24-hour day. However, seasonal hour length was used for many centuries, and fixed hours became common only after the appearance of mechanical clocks in 14th century Europe!
    • marino5856
      marino5856 on 07 Nov 14
       
      The egyptians  divided the night into 12 hours. So know the people are used t have 24 hours in a day. Many people think it was born like that but it wasn't the egyptians divided the night into 12 hours and also the day into 12 hours. That is 24 hours in total of the day.
guzman5862

How the Human Eye Works - 0 views

www.livescience.com/3919-human-eye-works.html

human eye works

shared by guzman5862 on 07 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • The cornea is a transparent structure found in the very front of the eye that helps to focus incoming light. Behind the cornea is a colored ring-shaped membrane called the iris. The iris has an adjustable circular opening called the pupil, which can expand or contract depending on the amount of light entering the eye. [The 7 Biggest Mysteries of the Human Body]
    • guzman5862
      guzman5862 on 07 Nov 14
       
      Here is how your eye works. There is a part of your eye named cornea and that is something that you can not see because it is transparent and that is located in the very front of your eye, and it is helpful because it makes stay in the thing your concentrated in. In the back of that there is a shaped important system in the eyes that it is named iris. The iris its very special and decorative but it also has another thing in it it is the pupil, and that its controlled by the light because when there is little light it is little and when there is more light it is more bigger.
  • guzman5862 on 07 Nov 14
     
    The cornea is a transparent structure found in the very front of the eye that helps to focus incoming light. Behind the cornea is a colored ring-shaped membrane called the iris. The iris has an adjustable circular opening called the pupil, which can expand or contract depending on the amount of light entering the eye. [The 7 Biggest Mysteries of the Human Body]
garza6544

This Is How Cats See the World | WIRED - 0 views

www.wired.com/...cats-eye-view

cats world wired

shared by garza6544 on 04 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • For starters, cats’ visual fields are broader than ours, spanning roughly 200 degrees instead of 180 degrees, and their visual acuity isn’t as good. So, the things humans can sharply resolve at distances of 100-200 feet look blurry to cats, which can see these objects at distances of up to 20 feet. That might not sound so great, but there’s a trade-off: Because of the various photoreceptors parked in cats’ retinas, they kick our asses at seeing in dim light. Instead of the color-resolving, detail-loving cone cells that populate the center of human retinas, cats (and dogs) have many more rod cells, which excel in dim light and are responsible for night-vision capability. The rod cells also refresh more quickly, which lets cats pick up very rapid movements — like, for example, the quickly shifting path a marauding laser dot might trace. Lastly, cats see colors differently than we do, which is why the cat-versions of these images look less vibrant than the people-versions. Scientists used to think cats were dichromats — able to only see two colors — but they’re not, exactly. While feline photoreceptors are most sensitive to wavelengths in the blue-violet and greenish-yellow ranges, it appears they might be able to see a little bit of green as well. In other words, cats are mostly red-green color blind, as are many of us, with a little bit of green creeping in.
marino5856

Curious About Astronomy: Why is a day divided into 24 hours? - 0 views

curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php

Day divided into 24 hours

shared by marino5856 on 04 Nov 14 - Cached
  • December 2003 answer: It appears that the Egyptians were responsible for the 24 hour day. The Eqyptians were fond of counting in base twelve (instead of base 10 which is commonly used today). This is thought to be because they counted finger joints instead of fingers. Each of your fingers has three joints, so if you count by pointing to finger joints with your thumb you can count to twelve on each hand. This might seem arbitrary, but is actually just a strange as counting in base ten simply because we have ten digits.
    • marino5856
      marino5856 on 04 Nov 14
       
      The egyptians were the ones that were in charge of the 24 hours in a day because they had a system so they found  a counting base in twelve.
  • The Egyptians divided the clock into 12 hours of daytime and 12 hours of night-time (or alternatively 10 hours between sunrise and sunset, an hour for each twilight period and 12 hours of darkness). This is known because of various sundials from the period which have been found to be marked with hours. Interestingly this means that hours started out changing in length with the seasons (as the amount of daylight vs. darkness changes).
    • marino5856
      marino5856 on 04 Nov 14
       
      they divided the clock in 12 hours because 12 in the night and about 10 in the sunrise that it became 12hours so that it is equal.
    • marino5856
      marino5856 on 05 Nov 14
       
      The egyptians divided the clock into 12 hours. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 a.m and 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12 p.m so that all the p.m could see the stars and the a.m the sunrise. Like there are 12 a.m and 12 p.m so 12 plus 12 equals24 thats why we have 24 hours in a day.
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