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Weiye Loh

Reasonable Doubt: A New Look at Whether Prison Growth Cuts Crime | Open Philanthropy Pr... - 0 views

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    "I estimate, that at typical policy margins in the United States today, decarceration has zero net impact on crime. That estimate is uncertain, but at least as much evidence suggests that decarceration reduces crime as increases it. The crux of the matter is that tougher sentences hardly deter crime, and that while imprisoning people temporarily stops them from committing crime outside prison walls, it also tends to increase their criminality after release. As a result, "tough-on-crime" initiatives can reduce crime in the short run but cause offsetting harm in the long run. Empirical social science research-or at least non-experimental social science research-should not be taken at face value. Among three dozen studies I reviewed, I obtained or reconstructed the data and code for eight. Replication and reanalysis revealed significant methodological concerns in seven and led to major reinterpretations of four. These studies endured much tougher scrutiny from me than they did from peer reviewers in order to make it into academic journals. Yet given the stakes in lives and dollars, the added scrutiny was worth it. So from the point of view of decision makers who rely on academic research, today's peer review processes fall well short of the optimal."
Weiye Loh

Opportunity and access: how legal work status affects immigrant crime rates | Microecon... - 0 views

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    "Immigrants in Italy represent less than 10 percent of the country's population, but 34 percent of its people in prison. When taking a closer look at the immigrant prison population, it becomes apparent that the over-representation is attributed to irregular immigrants lacking legal work status. In fact, regular immigrants - those who have been granted a legal work permit - exhibit crime rates in line with those of the native population (Ministry of Interior, 2007)."
Weiye Loh

Balderdash: Negligence of Male Rape: what you get when you're obsessed by Privilege - 0 views

  • Another commenter points out (in response to an affirmation that "the perpetrator class *is* monolithic. In these countries, in these war situations, it *is* exclusively composed of men, acting out masculinity's obsession with the use of sex as violence and power over"): "Women also use sex as a means of violence and power. Research conducted in the US show that 95% of male victims in juvenile detention centres are abused by women http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/mar/11/the-rape-of-american-prisoners/ and that another report highlighted that women raped in US prisons were more likely to be raped or sexually assaulted by another woman than a man"
  • when some UK Rape Crisis centres began to accept and help male rape victims they received death threats and even threats of having their offices fire bombed. Apparently these threats came from volunteers at other rape crisis centres
  • Of course there's someone accusing them of "liberal condescension, which habitually appears in their reports on developed countries", but that's another problematic matter...
Weiye Loh

BBC News - Woman who lied about rape asks for 'bygones to be bygones' - 0 views

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    A Los Angeles teenager convicted of rape in 2002 has been cleared after his "victim" admitted lying. Brian Banks was sentenced to ten years in prison for raping Wanetta Gibson when he was 16 years-old. He entered a 'no contest plea' and served five years. Soon after he was released in 2007, Ms Gibson contacted him on facebook with the words "let bygones be bygones". She admitted he was innocent but was concerned she would have to pay back the $1.5m the school gave her in damages at the time.
Weiye Loh

Outcry in America as pregnant women who lose babies face murder charges | World news | ... - 0 views

  • "If it's not a crime for a mother to intentionally end her pregnancy, how can it be a crime for her to do it unintentionally, whether by taking drugs or smoking or whatever it is," Robert McDuff, a civil rights lawyer asked the state supreme court.
  • anti-abortion groups were trying to amend the Mississippi constitution by setting up a state referendum, or ballot initiative, that would widen the definition of a person under the state's bill of rights to include a foetus from the day of conception.
  • Perhaps the most persuasive argument put forward in the amicus briefs is that if such prosecutions were designed to protect the unborn child, then they would be utterly counter-productive: "Prosecuting women and girls for continuing [a pregnancy] to term despite a drug addiction encourages them to terminate wanted pregnancies to avoid criminal penalties. The state could not have intended this result when it adopted the homicide statute."
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  • South Carolina was one of the first states to introduce such a foetal homicide law. National Advocates for Pregnant Women has found only one case of a South Carolina man who assaulted a pregnant woman having been charged under its terms, and his conviction was eventually overturned. Yet the group estimates there have been up to 300 women arrested for their actions during pregnancy.
  • Bei Bei Shuai, 34, has spent the past three months in a prison cell in Indianapolis charged with murdering her baby. On 23 December she tried to commit suicide by taking rat poison after her boyfriend abandoned her.Shuai was rushed to hospital and survived, but she was 33 weeks pregnant and her baby, to whom she gave birth a week after the suicide attempt and whom she called Angel, died after four days. In March Shuai was charged with murder and attempted foeticide and she has been in custody since without the offer of bail.
  • In Alabama at least 40 cases have been brought under the state's "chemical endangerment" law. Introduced in 2006, the statute was designed to protect children whose parents were cooking methamphetamine in the home and thus putting their children at risk from inhaling the fumes.Amanda Kimbrough is one of the women who have been ensnared as a result of the law being applied in a wholly different way. During her pregnancy her foetus was diagnosed with possible Down's syndrome and doctors suggested she consider a termination, which Kimbrough declined as she is not in favour of abortion.The baby was delivered by caesarean section prematurely in April 2008 and died 19 minutes after birth.Six months later Kimbrough was arrested at home and charged with "chemical endangerment" of her unborn child on the grounds that she had taken drugs during the pregnancy – a claim she has denied."That shocked me, it really did," Kimbrough said. "I had lost a child, that was enough."
  • Women's rights campaigners see the creeping criminalisation of pregnant women as a new front in the culture wars over abortion, in which conservative prosecutors are chipping away at hard-won freedoms by stretching protection laws to include foetuses, in some cases from the day of conception. In Gibbs' case defence lawyers have argued before Mississippi's highest court that her prosecution makes no sense. Under Mississippi law it is a crime for any person except the mother to try to cause an abortion.
Weiye Loh

Why filming police violence has done nothing to stop it | MIT Technology Review - 0 views

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    "It turns out that images matter, but so does power. Bentham's panopticon works because the warden of the prison has the power to punish you if he witnesses your misbehavior. But Bentham's other hope for the panopticon-that the behavior of the warden would be transparent and evaluated by all who saw him-has never come to pass. Over 10 years, from 2005 to 2014, only 48 officers were charged with murder or manslaughter for use of lethal force, though more than 1,000 people a year are killed by police in the United States."
Weiye Loh

Barbara Kay: Women are not always the 'gentler sex' | Full Comment | National Post - 0 views

  • McGill professor of Social Work Myriam Denov, who did her Phd thesis on female sex offenders, notes, as recently as 1984, a study proclaimed that “pedophilia does not exist at all in women.”
  • According to a 2004 U.S. Department of Education mass study of university students, 57% of students reporting child sexual abuse cited a male offender, and 42% reported a female offender. Interestingly, 65% of the survivors of female abuse who opened up to a therapist, doctor or other professional were not believed on their first disclosure. Overall, 86% of those who tried to tell anyone at all about their experience were not believed.
  • According to a 1996 report from the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect (NCCAN), about 25% of child sexual abuse is committed by women, but that figure may be low, because survivors are far more conflicted and shamed in admitting abuse by their mothers than by fathers.
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  • In one study of 17,337 survivors of childhood sexual abuse, 23% reported a female-only perpetrator and 22% reported both male and female. A U.S. Department of Justice report finds that, in 2008, 95% of all youths reporting sexual misconduct by staff member in state juvenile facilities said their victimization experiences included victimization by female personnel, who made up 42% of the staff.
  • Dr. Paul Federoff, a forensic psychiatrist and Co-Director of the Sexual Behaviors Clinic at the Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, says that “there are a lot of women who do sexually abuse children, but they get away with it.” Daycare centres, schools and homes make propitious terrain for predators. One study found 8% of female perpetrators were teachers and 23% were babysitters.
  • There are three types of female sex offenders: those who are predisposed to it and will abuse very young children, exactly like men; those who are “male-accompanied,” like Karla Homolka (alive and well, and the mother of three children in Montreal); and the “teacher-lover” type, like the infamous Mary Kay Letourneau, who seduced and, after a stint in prison, married her former student.
  • Victorian chivalry and 21st century feminism would seem to make strange bedfellows, but in their equally unrealistic characterization of women as the always “gentler sex,” they condemn both male and female victims of female-perpetrated abuse to silence and second-class social status. To err is human. Are women fully human? Then stop treating them like saints or permanent moral infants.
  • While the first two types are universally detested, the third type is problematic, because it is often assumed, even by law enforcement, that older women cannot coerce sex, or that teenage boys are flattered and empowered by an older woman’s sexual mentorship. Boys do act out their confusion and anxiety differently than girls do, but that doesn’t mean many of them aren’t damaged by the relationships, or that the law should be applied to women abusers with any less rigour.
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    Most rapists were subjected to some form of sexual abuse in childhood. A startling amount is perpetrated by females. Peer-reviewed studies conclude that between 60-80% of "rapists, sex offenders and sexually aggressive men" were sexually abused by a female.
Weiye Loh

DiManno: Supreme Court's consent ruling infantilizes women - thestar.com - 0 views

  • One night in 2007, as they moved from the living room couch to the bedroom for lovemaking episode, K.D. agreed to being erotically asphyxiated — choked to the point of unconsciousness, which some people apparently find heightens the sexual experience. I am certainly not here to judge anybody’s sex life when both parties consent to the activity. Neither should the court. K.D. gave prior consent not just to the choking but also — the defendant’s lawyer argued and the complainant later acknowledged — to the insertion of a dildo while she was unconscious. “At the moment, I just went with it, in the spirit of experimentation,’’ she testified. By her own estimation, K.D. was unconscious for about three minutes and, when coming to, discovered she was being anally penetrated by the dildo. It was removed some 10 seconds later and the couple then had vaginal sex. There was no evidence the woman ever did anything against her will, that permission was revoked by words or conduct, that the husband had failed to ascertain or misunderstood that consent had been given, or that consent was somehow “vitiated’’ by intentional infliction of bodily harm.
  • Indeed, the trial judge who sent the husband to prison for sexual assault acquitted him on charges of aggravated assault and assault causing bodily harm, concluding the wife had agreed to the choking and didn’t suffer bodily harm “since the unconsciousness that she experienced was only transient.” Yet she convicted on sexual assault because K.D. could not “legally consent to sexual activity that takes place while she’s unconscious.”
  • The Supremes concurred on that crucial point, on the basis of Parliament’s existing definition of consent — requiring the complainant to be conscious throughout the sexual activity in question. “Parliament’s definition of consent does not extend to advance consent to sexual acts committed while the complainant is unconscious.”
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    Yes means no, by the Supreme Court's reckoning, even when the complainant has said yes-no-yes and admitted under oath that the charge was provoked - two months after the incident - by a custody dispute between the couple. Or, as the majority decision on Friday put it: "Yes in fact means no in law.''
Weiye Loh

Claws and Flaws « Guardian Watch - 0 views

  • Deborah Orr looks at why some women still don’t adopt feminism or call themselves feminists. She starts by saying that there is a myth that women reject feminism simply because it has a bad image. A kind of 80s dyke image. I agree with her point in relation to that myth, that: ‘The very fact that some feminists are so willing to accept that women don’t want the label for such superficial reasons, rather than crediting women with more profound intellectual discomfort, is an indication that even feminist attitudes can sometimes be dismissive of women and their legitimate concerns.’
  • Orr writes: ‘The fundamental and rather serious problem is the blunt and somewhat stubborn emphasis on “equality“, difficult enough in a society deeply divided by economic inequality generally, even without the added complication that it’s the people with care of children, whatever their sex, whose economic freedom is most compromised the world over.’ (my emphasis)
  • ‘Feminists (and I’m generalising here) tend towards the conclusion that women who don’t sign up are simply hostages to the tyranny of the patriarchy, whose feeble personal consciousnesses have refused to be raised.’ And, her belief that women reject feminism for more complex and thought-out reasons than mere ‘false consciousness’.
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  • One of the problems I have with feminism is the way it seems to ignore the continued importance of the ‘couple’ in society. Sure, single parents, who are more likely to be women than men, suffer economic pressures. But people in couples, when they have children, do not operate as isolated entitities.
    • Weiye Loh
       
      But one might bear the brunt more than the other?
  • The real divisions are along class, location, cultural and age lines.
  • Orr goes on to do something I rarely see a feminist woman do, and that is she acknowledges that many of women’s advancements have been down to socio-economic change, not feminism.
  • ‘But equal opportunity in the workplace has not resulted in equal achievement, and not all of this is the fault of continuing chauvinism.’ This statement goes along with recent research, for example by Catherine Hakim, reported in her book: Feminist Myths and Magic Medicine, which shows how the fast diminishing ‘gender pay gap’ is no longer the result of discrimination, but of actual different choices and behaviours made by men and women in their jobs and careers. http://www.cps.org.uk/cps_catalog/Feminist%20Myths%20and%20Magic%20Medicine.pdf
  • Orr acknowledges that when women have children often their ‘priorities change. Work is no longer the most important thing, for a while anyway. Ambition can dissipate’. She does not ask why the same does not occur for men, or if it does, why this is not an issue for feminists.
    • Weiye Loh
       
      Because the dominant narratives demands women to be contribute more towards the caring and well being of their children? 
  • I think feminists, deep in their subconscious, are worried that if they admit the truth that gender ‘inequality’ is not caused only and always by ‘patriarchy’ and ‘discrimination’ against women, then the whole house of cards will come tumbling down. If gender inequality is caused by a number of complex factors, and, in many instances men suffer from gender inequality (e.g. fathers, prisoners, mental health sufferers, men who don’t live as long as women or enjoy as good health as long as women), then what is this ‘feminism’ lark for exactly?
Weiye Loh

When the rapist is a she - Sexual abuse - Salon.com - 0 views

  • A 2001 report in Psychiatric Times found that female rapists "are most likely to use psychological pressure such as verbal pleading and arguments, emotional blackmail, and deception." Also common among cases of female-on-male sexual assault is taking advantage of an intoxicated man.
  • , it's tough to accurately estimate how common female-on-male rape is, because it's presumed to be greatly under-reported. That's due in part to the general stigma around sexual assault, but more important, to cultural assumptions about male and female sexuality. Men, we're told, always want sex from women and are happy to get it any way they can. This yarn is so strong that it's tragically woven throughout even cases where underage boys are molested by female teachers.
  • Just as with prison rape, female-on-male rape gets the comedic treatment.
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  • none of this answers the question of whether Kris Bucher was actually raped by the mother of his child, but it does mean that it's physiologically possible. It's up to the court system to figure out the rest.
Weiye Loh

Strauss-Kahn sex assault case 'close to collapse' | World news | guardian.co.uk - 0 views

  • The sexual nature of the encounter between the French politician and the maid has never been questioned by either side. But the New York Times report suggests that police and prosecuting lawyers have concluded that the 32-year-old Guinean-born maid has lied repeatedly.
  • police recorded a telephone conversation between the woman and a man in prison on the day of the alleged rape in which the woman talked about the possible financial benefits that could come to her as a result of pursuing charges against Strauss-Kahn.
Weiye Loh

Strauss-Kahn and 5 other vexing sexual assault cases | Alaska Dispatch - 0 views

  • #3 Hofstra University gang-rape case An 18-year-old Hofstra University freshman accused five men, including another Hofstra student, of gang-raping her after a campus party in Hempstead, N.Y., in September 2009. Four of the men were charged and a fifth was about to be arrested after the woman told police she was lured to a dormitory after a dance party. She said she was bound with rope while the five men took turns sexually assaulting her in a stall in the men's bathroom. Then a grainy and explicit cellphone video of the incident emerged, showing the sex was consensual. The woman recanted her story after the prosecutor asked her: “If there is a video, and I get that video, it's going to show me that what you're saying is true?”
  • "The men did nothing illegal, but that doesn't make the behavior any less despicable," wrote Newsday columnist Joye Brown about the case. At the same time, "one woman's lie could have sent five innocent young men to state prison for up to 25 years."
Weiye Loh

Atul Gawande: Curiosity and What Equality Really Means | The New Yorker - 0 views

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    "We've divided the world into us versus them-an ever-shrinking population of good people against bad ones. But it's not a dichotomy. People can be doers of good in many circumstances. And they can be doers of bad in others. It's true of all of us. We are not sufficiently described by the best thing we have ever done, nor are we sufficiently described by the worst thing we have ever done. We are all of it. Regarding people as having lives of equal worth means recognizing each as having a common core of humanity. Without being open to their humanity, it is impossible to provide good care to people-to insure, for instance, that you've given them enough anesthetic before doing a procedure. To see their humanity, you must put yourself in their shoes. That requires a willingness to ask people what it's like in those shoes. It requires curiosity about others and the world beyond your boarding zone."
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