classified humor in lectures as jokes, riddles, puns, funny stories, humorous comments and other humorous items. Professors have discovered other creative ways to incorporate humor in classes such as cartoons, top ten lists, comic verse, and phony or bogus experiments (for a complete discussion of sources and forms of humor see Wandersee, 1982).

So below are 32 habits–or strategies, actions, or behaviors–that can lead to that critical shift that moves students from mere students to learners who are able to think critically for themselves.

Descriptive research seeks to describe the current status of an identified variable or phenomenon.  The researcher does not usually begin with an hypothesis, but is likely to develop one after collecting data.  Analysis and synthesis of the data provide the test of the hypothesis.  Systematic collection of information requires careful selection of the units studied and measurement of each variable in order to demonstrate validity.