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Slaves made possible the taming of the wilderness, construction of cities, excavation of mines, and the establishment of powerful plantation economies.

The transatlantic slave trade was the second leg of a triangular economic route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

With this triangular trade, European capital, African labor, and American land and resources combined to supply an emerging global economy.

The Assyrians ran up against the power of Aram (situated in modern-day Syria), which blocked their access to western trade routes.

Assyria again had command of trade routes leading to Syria and Asia Minor, adding rich agricultural land and prosperous cities to its territory and a large population for military use

Sennacherib maintained the lands his father had conquered

Tiglath-pileser was eager to expand Assyria's access to the Mediterranean Sea, particularly because he wanted his empire to increase its number of trading partners and expand its trade routes. His goal brought him into a long conflict with a variety of nomadic and seminomadic Aramaean tribes, however. For more than 14 years in the middle period of his reign, Tiglath-pileser launched a total of 28 campaigns against the Aramaeans, who blocked his unmolested access to the Mediterranean. He was eventually successful, and the Aramaeans no longer posed a threat to Assyrian trade.

a resource that was increasingly favored for military use as well as manufacture. However, Assyria's access to iron ore was threatened by a wave of nomadic invasions by tribal people from Phrygia known as the Mushki.

Around the beginning of the ninth century BC, the Assyrian Empire gained control of Byblos. A tribute list reveals that in 876, the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II accepted a tribute of natural resources as well as luxury manufactured goods, including jewelry and furniture, from Byblos. The Assyrians also profited from the ambitious shipping operations they directed from Byblos's port. The city next came under Persian influence between about 550 and 330, though it functioned as an independent kingdom with its own mint.

While admitting to a hierarchy of gods these deities were seen as irrelevant and for this Jainism has been seen as atheistic.

doctrine that the world was created is ill-advised, and should be rejected.

you are face with an endless regression. If you declare that the raw material arose naturally you fall into another fallacy, for the whole universe might thus have been its own creator, and have risen equally naturally

It is only after the district magistrate sends out his soldier and in the name of the law searches for wicked individuals that the young man becomes afraid and changes his ways and alters his deeds. So while the love of parents is not sufficient to discipline the children, the severe penalties of the district magistrate are. This is because men became naturally spoiled by love, but are submissive to authority.

That being so, rewards should be rich and certain so that the people will be attracted by them; punishments should be severe and definite so that the people will fear them; and laws should be uniform and steadfast so that the people will be familiar with them.

The Fruit of Exertion

no animal may be slaughtered for sacrifice, nor may the holiday-feast be held, because His Sacred and Gracious Majesty the King sees much offense in the holiday-feast

The Sacredness of Life