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Contents contributed and discussions participated by Daryl Bambic

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Daryl Bambic

11.4 Two Fundamental Human Motivations: Eating and Mating | Introduction to Psychology ... - 1 views

opentextbc.ca/...-motivations-eating-and-mating

shared by Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22 - No Cached
  • orexin, ghrelin, and leptin
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      This is the key idea behind the KETO diet; eat very little sugar and carbs so the insulin levels drop and the body burns fat for energy.
  • interaction of the various systems that determine hunger creates a balance or homeostasis in which we eat when we are hungry and stop eating when we feel full.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      Remember this is the DRIVE REDUCTION theory.
  • Western societies are based on a very thin body ideal,
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      Meanwhile, in most African countries, women with larger bodies are desired and the thinner ones are seen as unhealthy.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Obesity is a leading cause of death worldwide.
  • Exercise increases cardiovascular capacity, lowers blood pressure, and helps improve diabetes, joint flexibility, and muscle strength (American Heart Association, 1998). Exercise also slows the cognitive impairments that are associated with aging (Kramer, Erickson, & Colcombe, 2006).
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      The book does not mention the important benefits of exercise for the brain at all ages,not just as we age.
  • Between 3% and 4% of men are gay, and between 1% and 2% of women are lesbian
  • The Canadian Psychological Association issued a policy statement in February 1982 endorsing the principle that there be no discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation for (a) recruitment; (b) hiring; (c) salary; (d) promotion rate; (e) fringe benefits; or (f) assignment of duties. The American Psychiatric Association no longer considers homosexuality to be a mental illness, although it did so until 1973.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      This is a good example of sociological influences on the diagnosis and understanding of mental illness. This 'mental illness' was ousted from the DSM in 1973. You can read more here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4695779/
  • Areas of the hypothalamus are different in homosexual men, as well as in animals with homosexual tendencies
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      It's the hypothalamus again!
  • Among male identical twins, 52% of those with a gay brother also reported homosexuality, whereas the rate in fraternal twins was just 22%
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      This is an important fact that supports the role of biology in homosexuality.
  • In sum, while less than half of Canadian teens report having intercourse before age 18,
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      This has changed - 55% of males and females have had sex by 18 yrs old. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2017/201706_NSFG.htm
  • Healthy Lives
  • Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
     
    "sex"
Daryl Bambic

iPOL - 0 views

started by Daryl Bambic on 26 Jan 22 no follow-up yet
Daryl Bambic

Animal Emotions: Exploring Passionate Natures | BioScience | Oxford Academic - 1 views

academic.oup.com/...233998

emotions animal

shared by Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21 - No Cached
  • because emotions have evolved in specific contexts.
  • Categorically denying emotions to animals because they cannot be studied directly does not constitute a reasonable argument against their existence.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      To deny that something is real without first investigating its existence is not good science.
  • Field research
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      meaning in nature and not in a lab
  • ...48 more annotations...
  • phenotypes
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      This means a type of behaviour related to a species, like mating behaviour for example.
  • My goal is to convince skeptics that a combination of “hard” and “soft” interdisciplinary research is necessary to advance the study of animal emotions.
  • broadly defined as psychological phenomena that help in behavioral management and control
  • Likewise, no single theory of emotions captures the complexity of the phenomena called emotions
  • It is important to extend our research beyond the underlying physiological mechanisms that mask the richness of the emotional lives of many animals and learn more about how emotions serve them as they go about their daily activities
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Ignore the previous sentence because this one explains it: the study of emotions needs to focus more on how they help us in life and less on the biology of them.
  • emotions are real and that they are extremely important,
  • René Descartes
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      The philosopher who said, "I think therefore I am". He divided humans into mind/body.
  • B. F. Skinner
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Skinner was a pioneer in behaviour conditioning. He taught that emotions, because we can't measure them, are not important to understanding behaviour.
  • Why then are there competing views on the nature of animal emotions? In part, this is because some people view humans as unique animals, created in the image of God
  • researchers studying animal behavior came to realize that there was too little in studies of animal emotions and minds that was directly observable, measurable, and verifiable, and chose instead to concentrate on behavior because overt actions could be seen, measured objectively, and verified
  • Most researchers now believe that emotions are not simply the result of some bodily state that leads to an action
  • William James and Carl Lange
  • James and Lange argued that fear, for example, results from an awareness of the bodily changes (heart rate, temperature) that were stimulated by a fearful stimulus.
  • Walter Cannon's criticisms
  • there is a mental component that does not have to follow a bodily reaction
  • drugs producing bodily changes like those accompanying an emotional experience
  • do not produce the same type of conscious experience of fear
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      The textbook spoke of this.
  • Primary emotions, considered to be basic inborn emotions
  • Natural selection has resulted in innate reactions that are crucial to individual survival.
  • are wired into the evolutionary old limbic system (especially the amygdala), the “emotional” part of the brain
  • substrate
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Substitue 'circuit' for this word
  • . Each is connected to the other two but each also has its own capacities
  • current research (LeDoux 1996) indicates that all emotions are not necessarily packaged into a single system, and there may be more than one emotional system in the brain.
  • Secondary emotions are those that are experienced or felt, evaluated, and reflected on. Secondary emotions involve higher brain centers in the cerebral cortex.
  • ethologists
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Ethology is the study of animal behaviour and mind
  • cognitive ethologists want to know what it is like to be another animal.
  • concerns how emotions and cognition are linked
  • A sense of self in the act of knowing is created,
  • various brain structures map both the organism and external objects
  • I am inclined merely to delete it [the mental realm] from biological explanation, because it is an entirely private phenomenon, and biology must deal with the publicly demonstrable.”
  • abanac postulated that the first mental event to emerge into consciousness was the ability of an individual to experience the sensations of pleasure and displeasure
  • Examples of animal emotions
  • Social play
  • Studies of the chemistry of play support the idea that play is enjoyable.
  • dopamine (and perhaps serotonin and norepinephrine)
  • rats enjoy being playfully tickled.
  • grief in geese
  • grief and depression in orphan elephants is a real phenomeno
  • It is unlikely that romantic love (or any emotion) first appeared in humans with no evolutionary precursors in animals
  • common brain systems and homologous chemicals underlying love that are shared among humans and animals
  • No one discipline will be able to answer all of the important questions that still need to be dealt with in the study of animal emotions
  • However, research that reduces and minimizes animal behavior and animal emotions to neural firings, muscle movements, and hormonal effects will not likely lead us significantly closer to an understanding of animal emotions.
  • All research involves leaps of faith from available data to the conclusions
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      What do you think about this sentence?
  • studies of the behavior of captive animals
  • Field work also can be problematic. It can be too uncontrolled to allow for reliable conclusions to be drawn.
  • behavior is primary; neural systems subserve behavior
  • Emotions are an integral part of human life, so why not for other animals?
  • in many instances, differences in degree rather than differences in kind.
Daryl Bambic

Kids Do Better on the Marshmallow Test When They… - 8 views

greatergood.berkeley.edu/...allow_test_when_they_cooperate

marshmallow mod2 teenbrain self_regulation

shared by Daryl Bambic on 08 Sep 21 - No Cached
  • better academically, handled frustration better, and managed their stress more effectively as adolescents. They also had healthier relationships and better health 30 years later.
  • reliability of the adults
  • suggesting that children can delay gratification longer when they are working together toward a common goal.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • 207 five- to six-year-old children from two very different cultures—Western, industrialized Germany and a small-scale farming community in Kenya (the Kikuyu)
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 08 Sep 21
       
      Why do you think the different cultures are important in the population sample?
  • (who was in another room)
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 08 Sep 21
       
      Why do you think the other child was put in a different room? Do you think that the results would have been the same if the children were in the same room?
  • and, in the cooperative version, their partner also didn’t receive an extra cookie—even if the partner had resisted themselves.
  • even though they had a lower chance of receiving an extra cookie.
  • knowing others rely on them boosts their motivation
  • fun and engaging
  • opportunity to help someone else motivated kids to hold out
  • feeling responsible
  • mattered most.
  • Cooperation is not just about material benefits; it has social value,
Daryl Bambic

This Is Your Brain on Metaphors - The New York Times - 1 views

opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/...his-is-your-brain-on-metaphors

metaphor brain sapolsky psychology

shared by Daryl Bambic on 19 Feb 17 - No Cached
  • viscera and emotion often drive our decisionmaking, with conscious cognition mopping up afterward, trying to come up with rationalizations for that gut decision.
  • Get someone to the point where his insula activates at the mention of an entire people, and he’s primed to join the bloodletting.
  • brain confusing reality and literalness with metaphor and symbol can have adverse consequences, the opposite can occur as well.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • This neural confusion about the literal versus the metaphorical gives symbols enormous power, including the power to make peace.
  • “mutual symbolic concessions” of no material benefit will ultimately make all the difference.
  • but when black South Africa embraced rugby and Afrikaans rugby jocks sang the A.N.C. national anthem.
  • He meant talk to their insulas and cingulate cortices and all those other confused brain regions, because that confusion could help make for a better world.
Daryl Bambic

Embracing stress is more important than reducing stress, Stanford psychologist says - 0 views

news.stanford.edu/...tress-embrace-mcgonigal-050715

stress psychology

shared by Daryl Bambic on 18 Feb 17 - No Cached
  • Psychologists have found that the ability to embrace stress requires a high tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty. You have to be able to understand that two seemingly opposite things can be true at the same time.
  • People who had experienced the highest number of stressful life events in the past were most likely to consider their lives meaningful.
  • basic biology of the stress response
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Stress leaves an imprint on your brain that prepares you to handle similar stress the next time you encounter it.
  • stress inoculation
  • Going through the experience gives your brain and body a stress vaccine.
  • how you think about stress matters is because it changes how you respond to stress.
Daryl Bambic

Take The ACE Quiz - And Learn What It Does And Doesn't Mean : Shots - Health News : NPR - 0 views

www.npr.org/...n-what-it-does-and-doesnt-mean

psychology ACE trauma childhood

shared by Daryl Bambic on 18 Feb 17 - No Cached
  • Remember this, too: ACE scores don't tally the positive experiences in early life that can help build resilience and protect a child from the effects of trauma. Having a grandparent who loves you, a teacher who understands and believes in you, or a trusted friend you can confide in may mitigate the long-term effects of early trauma, psychologists say
  • Resilience, he says, builds throughout life, and close relationships are key
  • nightmares
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • recurring thoughts
  • re-enact the trauma
  • distracted or withdrawn.
  • ometimes misdiagnosed as symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,
  • difficulty in regulating emotions and behavior,"
  • secure attachments with caring adults.
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