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oliviaodon

Recommendations To Enhance Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Aspects of U... - 0 views

www.state.gov/...179203.htm

technologies communications information international disaster response

shared by oliviaodon on 23 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • While ICTs are an essential component in ensuring information flows during a disaster, it is often the case that ICTs are not considered by countries and organizations to be a ‘critical infrastructure’ in the context of international disaster preparedness plans and frameworks. Because of this, adequate priority is not often given by countries to the development and pre-planning of ICT resources in advance of a disaster, nor the restoration of ICT systems and networks following a disaster.
  • agencies responsible for international disaster and humanitarian response should formally recognize telecommunications / ICTs as a critical infrastructure for international disaster preparedness, response and recovery planning, and should encourage such recognition by other governments, NGOs and international organizations involved in disaster relief and recovery.
  • Nearly all recent major global disasters have shown the importance of first responders being able to communicate among each other and provide information to affected populations. Moreover, communications systems enable citizens to search for and confirm the status of their loved ones, and to offer up both resources and information about survivors and damage using channels such as SMS and social media, and broadcast technology.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Part of recognizing ICTs as a critical infrastructure is to ensure their advance incorporation into a country’s disaster management framework or plan, including pre-positioning of ICT resources and identification of personnel that may be required to use or restore those resources.
  • oliviaodon on 23 Oct 16
     
    This passage discusses how ICTs can be used by countries for disaster preparedness.
oliviaodon

ICT for Disaster Management/ICT for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness - ... - 0 views

en.wikibooks.org/...n,_Mitigation_and_Preparedness

technologies disaster response mitigation preparedness

shared by oliviaodon on 23 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) identifies several key parties that play major roles in the disaster management process, especially in disaster warning (UN/ISDR, 2006).
  • Communities, particularly those most vulnerable, are vital to people-centred early warning systems. Their input into system design and their ability to respond ultimately determine the extent of risk associated with natural hazards. Communities should be aware of hazards and potential negative impacts to which they are exposed and be able to take specific actions to minimize the threat of loss or damage.
  • Local governments should have considerable knowledge of the hazards to which their communities are exposed.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • The private sector has a diverse role to play in early warning, including developing early warning capabilities in their own organizations. The private sector is also essential as they are usually better equipped to implement ICT-based solutions. The private sector has a large untapped potential to help provide skilled services in the form of technical manpower, know-how, or donations of goods or services (in-kind and cash), especially for the communication, dissemination and response elements of early warning.
  • Considered the most traditional electronic media used for disaster warning, radio and television have a valid use. The effectiveness of these two media is high because even in developing countries and rural environments where the tele-density is relatively low, they can be used to spread a warning quickly to a broad population.
  • Telephones can play an important role in warning communities about the impending danger of a disaster.
  • The role Internet, email and instant messages can play in disaster warning entirely depends on their penetration within a community and usage by professionals such as first responders, coordinating bodies, etc.
  • oliviaodon on 23 Oct 16
     
    This article discusses how ICTS can be used to warn a population of oncoming disasters to prevent more damage from occurring. 
luckangeloja

ANTIGUAN NATIONALS CAUGHT WITH 835LBS OF CANNABIS | ONDCP Antigua and Barbuda - 0 views

ondcp.gov.ag/caught-with-835lbs-of-cannabis

Antigua and Barbuda Drugs Cannabis Oceanic Protection

shared by luckangeloja on 24 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • The operation resulted in the arrest of two Antiguan males and a seizure of 853lbs 14ozs of Compressed Cannabis.
  • The drug carries an estimated wholesale value of One Million, Seven Hundred And Seven Thousand, Seven Hundred and Fifty EC Dollars ($1,707,750.00 XCD).
  • During the operation, a white pickup refused to comply with officers’ instructions to stop and a chase ensued.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • It is believed that a vessel arrived from a nearby Caribbean island in the early hours of Tuesday morning with the illegal drugs onboard.
  • luckangeloja on 24 Oct 16
     
    This article was about one of biggest cannabis seizures of Antigua and Barbuda. The total value of the cannabis reached over $1.5 million. This article enforces that the anti-drug systems of Antigua and Barbuda are very weak and need to be improved.
runlai_jiang

Antiguan ex-president of UN general assembly faces $1m corruption charges | World news ... - 0 views

www.theguardian.com/...embly-faces-corruption-charges

corruption general assembly charges

shared by runlai_jiang on 04 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • Antiguan ex-president of UN general assembly faces $1m corruption charges
  • A former president of the United Nations general assembly turned the world body into a “platform for profit” by accepting over $1m in bribes and a trip to New Orleans from a billionaire Chinese real estate mogul and other businesspeople to pave the way for lucrative investments, a prosecutor charged on Tuesday
  • John Ashe, a former UN ambassador from Antigua and Barbuda who served in the largely ceremonial post from September 2013 to September 2014, faces conspiracy- and bribery-related charges along with five others, including Francis Lorenzo, a deputy UN ambassador from the Dominican Republic who lives in the Bronx.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Dujarric said Ban was “shocked and deeply troubled” by the allegations that “go to the heart and integrity of the UN”.
  • Corruption is not business as usual at the UN.
  • Those charged in the criminal complaint unsealed on Tuesday in Manhattan federal court included Seng, who was arrested two weeks ago along with his chief assistant, Jeff C Yin, 29, a US citizen whose bail was revoked last week over allegations that he lied to investigators after his arrest.
  • Other money, they said, was used to lease a luxury car, pay his home mortgage, buy Rolex watches and custom suits, and construct a $30,000 basketball court at his home in Dobbs Ferry, New York, where he was arrested on Tuesday. He opened two bank accounts to receive the funds and then underreported his income by more than $1.2m, officials said.
  • Prosecutors said two other arrested individuals were involved with Ng. They were identified as Sheri Yan, 57, and Heidi Park, 52, both naturalized US citizens who reside in China and helped facilitate the scheme, prosecutors said.
  • runlai_jiang on 04 Nov 16
     
    The Antiguan ex-president of UN general assembly, John Ashe accepted bribe from a chinese real estate buisness man and other businesspeople and was asked to benefit them for paving the way for lucrative investments. The president was charged. UN is not a usual corruption place and Antigua and Barbuda should rethink  its democracy system because our representative was even bribing.
nick_gauthier

SISCA - 0 views

www.summit-americas.org/...hr.html

human rights mandates OAS foreign policy diplomacy

shared by nick_gauthier on 05 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • To reaffirm our support for the objectives set out in the Declaration of the Decade of the Americas for the Rights and Dignity of Persons with Disabilities (2006-2016) and its Plan of Action
  • advance in strengthening the protection of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of older persons through promotion of public policies, programs, and services, thus safeguarding their dignity, their physical, mental and social well-being, and their quality of life
  • To strengthen the administration of public security by governmental agencies through promotion of citizen and community participation, institutional coordination, and training and education of civilian and police personnel, with full respect for the rule of law, domestic law, gender equality, and human rights.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • o prevent and fight the smuggling of migrants and trafficking of persons, particularly of women, children and adolescents, and to promote cooperation among states to that end, respecting and fully protecting their human rights
  • eiterate our commitment to protect and promote human rights in our Hemisphere, and to the strengthening of the inter-American human rights system, with due respect for its autonomy and independence. We express our support to continue furthering the constructive dialogue with the participation of all actors, including the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Right
  • Our commitment to full respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms is based on shared principles and convictions. We support strengthening and enhancing the effectiveness of the Inter American human rights system, which includes the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
  • nick_gauthier on 05 Nov 16
     
    This page is a summary of previous mandates made by the OAS at Summits of the Americas in various cities including Cartagena, Colombia, and Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. They mainly reaffirm the mission and re-concentrate efforts.
nick_gauthier

OAS :: IACHR : Precautionary Measures - 0 views

www.oas.org/...about-precautionary.asp

measures politics diplomacy human rights IACHR OAS

shared by nick_gauthier on 05 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • The mechanism for precautionary measures is established in Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure of the IACHR. The Rules of Procedure establish that, in serious and urgent situations, the Commission may, on its own initiative or at the request of a party, “request that a State adopt precautionary measures. Such measures, whether related to a petition or not, shall concern serious and urgent situations presenting a risk of irreparable harm to persons or to subject matter of a pending petition or case before the organs of the inter-American system.”
  • tool for protecting the basic rights of the people of the 35 states that are subject to the Inter-American Commission’s jurisdiction
  • Article 26 of the then Regulations provided that “provisional measures” were called for “[i]n urgent cases, when it becomes necessary to avoid irreparable damage to persons.” The formal establishment of this mechanism within the Commission’s Rules of Procedure and its gradual development through application in practice fit the pattern by which the inter-American human rights system has traditionally cultivated its mechanisms of protection. This article follows from the IACHR’s duty to ensure compliance with the commitments undertaken by
  • nick_gauthier on 05 Nov 16
     
    The IACHR is an autonomous organ of the OAS that promotes and protects Human Rights. This article outlines their ability to take precautionary measures overriding the legal process if the situation sees fit and certain persons are in immediate danger.
bennetttony

Nicaragua Corruption Report - 0 views

www.business-anti-corruption.com/...nicaragua

shared by bennetttony on 18 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • Courts are prone to corruption and manipulation by organised crime groups, drug cartels and a democratic socialist political party, the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), which allegedly accepts bribes from drug traffickers for campaign financing in return for judicial favours (InSightCrime, July 2014).
  • Rampant corruption within Nicaragua's political circles impairs the functioning of state institutions and limits foreign investment. International companies report widespread favouritism and impunity among public officials.
  • Courts are prone to corruption and manipulation by organised crime groups, drug cartels and a democratic socialist political party, the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), which allegedly accepts bribes from drug traffickers for campaign financing in return for judicial favours (InSightCrime, July 2014).
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Nicaragua's legal system is plagued by corruption and is burdensome.
  • Nicaragua's police are corrupt and enjoy impunity. Prosecution and criminal sanctions against police officers in corruption cases are delayed due to bribery, ineffectiveness and an opaque justice system (HRR 2013)
  • Foreign companies encounter red tape and corruption when dealing with Nicaragua's public services administration.
  • Foreign companies experience discriminatory and arbitrary treatment and extortion in meetings with tax officials in Nicaragua. Tax audits of foreign firms are reported to be frequent and lengthy, which often hinders normal business operations and increases corruption risks and business costs (ICS 2014).
  • The overall implementation and enforcement of Nicaragua's anti-corruption legislation is weak, and the level of compliance with the law is poor among Nicaragua's public officials.
  • The Constitution of Nicaragua provides for freedom of the press, but the government restricts and controls all information available to the public.
  • nataliedepaulo1 on 18 Oct 16
     
    This article outlines the corruption in the Nicaraguan government. This is an important to hemispheric security because it is an issue that needs to be addressed.
  • bennetttony on 04 Nov 16
     
    This article highlights the corruption going on in Nicaragua in many different areas like legislation, civil society, police, etc.
Cecilia Ergueta

The Internet of Things: The Next Digital Divide for Latin America? : World : Latin Post - 0 views

www.latinpost.com/...l-divide-for-latin-america.htm

ICTs digital divide nicaragua

shared by Cecilia Ergueta on 17 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • Latin America is currently poised to fall behind in the next big evolution of the Internet.
  • last year Latin America as a whole grew in IP traffic by 25 percent, with traffic growth for the mobile Internet at an incredible 87 percent.
  • things are not looking as bright for the growth of the Internet of Things there.
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  • Fixed broadband and mobile Internet (measured by both adoption and speed) and overall data traffic in Latin America are all projected to grow,
  • Latin America is closing the gap, especially in mobile, with the rest of the developed world and nearly 400 million people will be connected in the near future.
  • Internet penetration by percentage of the population across all of Latin America is at least over 50 percent by now, which is higher than the world average
  • an emerging digital divide in the next phase of the Internet, ironically hidden by Latin America's current booming adoption of the consumer Internet.
  • Latin America isn't expected to make much progress over the near-term in the number of connected devices, especially of the M2M-variety.
  • But in Latin America, leading countries like Brazil and Mexico are expected to reach 32 percent by that year, falling behind the global average by about the same amount that the region as a whole currently surpasses global average Internet penetration today.
  • Then imagine 50 billion objects being connected together, from consumer goods to manufacturing systems, to appliances, healthcare systems, infrastructure, mass and personal transportation -- and the list goes on and on. In the future, IoT is what most of the Internet will be, and anyone left behind will be at a huge disadvantage
Javier E

Brazil's European Dream - 0 views

www.foreignpolicy.com/...brazils_european_dream

brazil foreign policy europe loan international IGO BRIC diplomacy

shared by Javier E on 23 May 14 - No Cached
  • The news that Brazil has overtaken Britain to become the world's sixth largest economic power is being touted as a sign that that the longtime "country of the future" has finally arrived.
  • In the past 20 years, Brazil has become well known for turning crisis situations into geopolitical opportunities, becoming a leading voice in international forums devoted to AIDS, poverty, and even the environment. And now, it is doing it again with a challenge that Brazilians understand all too well: a debt crisis.
  • The IMF contributions stem from Rousseff's intention to maintain a tradition that began under her predecessor, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, of using foreign assistance as a means to strengthen Brazil's international reputation and influence. Yet another example is Brazil's annual contributions to the World Bank, which have averaged $253 million from 2004 to 2009. Brazil was the first nation to contribute -- $ 55 million -- to the World Bank's Haitian Reconstruction Fund. From 2003-2007, Brazil also gave approximately $340 million to fund the U.N.'s operations. Lula also increased Brazil's contribution to the U.N.'s World Food Program from $ 1 million in 2009 to $ 27 million in 2011.
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  • in 1998, it was the Brazilian government, under President Fernando H. Cardoso, that was running to the IMF for assistance. Brazil was trying to recover from a capital flight of roughly $30 billion dollars, triggered by a lack of foreign investor confidence due to exorbitant debt and recession. To help quell investor speculation that Brazil would default (like Russia did months earlier), the IMF provided a bailout package of $41 billion on the condition that Cardoso prune government expenditures by 20 percent and reform the pension system.
  • in 2001, after a steep decline in foreign investment, currency depreciation, and a debt crisis in neighboring Argentina, Brazil essentially begged the IMF to help avoid a default on its external debt. This time the government received $15 billion in exchange for reducing federal expenditures and maintaining a primary budget surplus of approximately 3.75 percent through 2005.
  • Rousseff also wants an expanded role for Brazil within the IMF, along with the other BRICS, mainly through increased quota shares and voting rights. She has joined her colleagues from China, India, Russia, and South Africa in emphasizing that the IMF needs to recognize the importance of the world's largest emerging economies
  • Rousseff's European strategy is a smart move. By providing financial support in time of need, Brazil can strengthen its partnership and economic relationship with several European countries, as well as with the IMF. And by lending a hand, Rousseff may be able to garner more European support as she strives to boost Brazil's influence within the U.N. system and the IMF. Through these calculated endeavors, Rousseff can signal that Brazil isn't just arriving on the international scene, it's here to stay.
lenaurick

Children of Antigua and Barbuda | Humanium - Together for Children's Rights - 1 views

www.humanium.org/...antigua-and-barbuda

children human rights policy education

shared by lenaurick on 12 Jun 16 - No Cached
    • g-dragon
      g-dragon on 12 Jun 16
       
      There is a huge problem concerning children's rights in Antigua and Barbuda. First of all, the country does not have enough schools and the ones there are are overcrowded. Higher education schools usually require a fee AND and entrance exam. This means that if you have no money or could not go to school, higher education is basically impossible. Third, the law system there is troubling. Eight year olds can get the same penalties as adults in court and any person under the age of eighteen can be imprisoned in the same jails as adults for life for a murder. Fourth, there is a problem of discrimination in this country. Girls, children born out of non- married parents, people in poverty, and the handicapped children face great discrimination. - Daniel Lin
  • The United Nations has thus been advising Antigua and Barbuda since 2004 to put an end to laws that authorize any form of violence against children.
  • Even though a number of steps have been taken, like providing free schoolbooks and uniforms, access to education remains very unequal in Antigua and Barbuda.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • Antigua and Barbuda must therefore continue with its efforts towards universal access to education by promoting free schooling at all levels.
  • A law on corporal punishments still exists in these islands, and it authorizes physical punishment of children at home as well as in more official locations, such as school.
  • Antigua and Barbuda, a small country made of two islands, has made great efforts in the protection of children’s rights
  • Any child 8 years of age can be called before the court and risks the same penalties as an adult. Similarly, a minor (an individual under 16 years of age) may receive the same punishment as an adult if charged with a crime. In this way, it is possible for a person under 18 years of age to be imprisoned for life for a murder.
  • Once the minors are tried, they do not have any special conditions on retention: they are locked up in the same prisons and sections as adults,
  • Girls, children born out of wedlock, and those living in poverty experience differences in access to basic services.
  • Another source of discrimination stems from the absence of physical systems to accommodate handicapped children; t
Javier E

In Honduras, Deaths Make U.S. Rethink Drug War - NYTimes.com - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...-make-us-rethink-drug-war.html

foreign policy US drug central america

shared by Javier E on 13 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Fearful that Central America was becoming overrun by organized crime, perhaps worse than in the worst parts of Mexico, the State Department, the D.E.A. and the Pentagon rushed ahead this year with a muscular antidrug program with several Latin American nations, hoping to protect Honduras and use it as a chokepoint to cut off the flow of drugs heading north.
  • the antidrug cooperation, often promoted as a model of international teamwork, into a case study of what can go wrong when the tactics of war are used to fight a crime problem that goes well beyond drugs.
  • “You can’t cure the whole body by just treating the arm,” said Edmundo Orellana, Honduras’s former defense minister and attorney general. “You have to heal the whole thing.”
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • A sweeping new plan for Honduras, focused more on judicial reform and institution-building, is now being jointly developed by Honduras and the United States. But State Department officials must first reassure Congress that the deaths have been investigated and that new safeguards, like limits on the role of American forces, will be put in place.
  • the new plan, according to a recent draft shown to The New York Times, is more aspirational than anything aimed at combating drugs and impunity in Mexico, or Colombia before that. It includes not just boats and helicopters, but also broad restructuring: several new investigative entities, an expanded vetting program for the police, more power for prosecutors, and a network of safe houses for witnesses.
  • The country’s homicide rate is among the highest in the world, and corruption has chewed through government from top to bottom.
  • The foreign minister, Mr. Corrales, a hulk of a man with a loud laugh and a degree in engineering, said he visited Washington in early 2011 with a request for help in four areas: investigation, impunity, organized crime and corruption.
  • Members of the Honduran police teams told government investigators that they took their orders from the D.E.A. Americans officials said that the FAST teams, deploying tactics honed in Afghanistan, did not feel confident in the Hondurans’ abilities to take the lead.
  • there were no detailed rules governing American participation in law enforcement operations. Honduran officials also described cases in which the rules of engagement for the D.E.A. and the police were vague and ad hoc.
  • the killing — along with the soaring homicide rate and the increased trafficking — sounded alarms in Washington: “It raised for us the specter of Honduras becoming another northern Mexico.”
  • Representative Howard L. Berman of California, the ranking Democrat on the House Foreign Affairs Committee, wrote to Mrs. Clinton, “Unfortunately, this is not the first time the United States has come perilously close to an overmilitarized strategy toward a country too small and institutionally weak for its citizens to challenge the policy.”
  • Mr. Brownfield, the assistant secretary, said it was impossible to “offer a zero risk program for interdicting drugs in Central America.” He noted that the shootings during interdiction raids happened in the middle of the night, in remote locations that were hard for investigators to reach. Despite these challenges, he said that investigations were conducted and that he was “basically satisfied” that he knew what had happened.
  • From the moment the Honduran pilot departed in his aging Tucano turboprop, just before midnight, he was in radio contact with Colombian authorities, who regularly receive radar intelligence from the American military’s Southern Command.
  • Mr. Corrales, the foreign minister, and some American officials have concluded that the downed planes amounted to misapplied military justice, urged on by societal anger and the broader weaknesses of Honduras’s institutions.
  • Creating a stronger system is at the core of what some officials are now calling Anvil II. A draft of the plan provided by Mr. Corrales shows a major shift toward shoring up judicial institutions with new entities focused on organized and financial crime.
  • The D.E.A.’s role will also probably change. A
  • “It’s a tragedy; there is no confidence in the state,” she said, wearing black in her university office. The old game of cocaine cat-and-mouse tends to look like a quicker fix, she said, with its obvious targets and clear victories measured in tons seized.
  • “This moment presents us with an opportunity for institutional reform,” Dr. Castellanos said. But that will depend on whether the new effort goes after more than just drugs and uproots the criminal networks that have already burrowed into Honduran society.
oliviaodon

What is ICT (information and communications technology - or technologies)? - Definition... - 0 views

searchcio.techtarget.com/...ons-technology-or-technologies

ICT rolesofIT wctafcp201510B wctaflatclassroomproject politics latin america economy foreign policy diplomacy nicaragua

shared by oliviaodon on 23 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • ICT (information and communications technology - or technologies) is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them
  • ability to create greater access to information and communication in underserved populations.
  • a means of bridging the digital divide.
oliviaodon

ICT at COP21: Enormous Potential to Mitigate Emissions - 0 views

www.worldbank.org/...connections-note-30

politics economy foreign policy latin america ICT rolesofIT emissions

shared by oliviaodon on 23 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • ICTs—including the Internet, mobile phones, geographic information systems (GIS), satellite imaging, remote sensing, and data analytics—could reduce yearly global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) 20% by 2030, thus holding them at their 2015 level.
  • ICTs are also critical for climate change adaptation, providing vital tools for all phases of the disaster risk management cycle. Although the opportunities for ICTs to support the climate change agenda are enormous, much work remains in order to realize them. Governments of developing countries must be further encouraged to include ICTs in their national climate change policies.
  • By 2030, ICTs could eliminate the equivalent of 12.1 billion tons of CO2 per year in five sectors—transport (30% of the total reduction), manufacturing (22%), agriculture and food (17%), buildings (16%), and energy (15%).
tristanpantano

With A Soft Approach On Gangs, Nicaragua Eschews Violence : Parallels : NPR - 0 views

www.npr.org/...ngs-nicaragua-eschews-violence

nicaragua politics gangs approach violence latin america history

shared by tristanpantano on 02 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • As the sun sinks just below the horizon, Jorge Sandoval strolls across a dusty street. He's a small man in his 50s, who runs volunteer patrols. The neighborhood is poor. The houses are cobbled together out of leftover wood and pieces of metal. Two years ago, Sandoval says, these streets used to be desolate and controlled by gangs. Parallels Nicaragua Follows Its Own Path In Dealing With Drug Traffickers "They would shoot at each other at all hours," Sandoval says. "Suddenly you'd find someone injured, someone innocent, because they just didn't care."
  • The Dimitrov neighborhood in the capital of Nicaragua used to be one of the most dangerous in the country.
  • It was so dangerous that its 10 or so square blocks accounted for 20 percent of all the crime of Managua, a city of 1.2 million people.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • children, running out of their homes to play in the streets.
  • This kind of tranquility is not something you'd see in the capital cities of El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala or Belize, because over the past decade, Central America has been engulfed by bloodshed, becoming one of the most dangerous regions in the world.
  • Nicaragua, the poorest of the bunch and with just as bloody a history, is one of the safest countries in the hemisphere.
  • While Nicaragua's neighbors have embraced so-called "mano dura" or iron fist policies, Nicaragua has taken a softer approach.
  • The Nicaraguan police, for example, pacified the Dimitrov neighborhood by having the community patrol itself and by having police officers mediate talks between gang members often after soccer games.
  • El Salvador and Honduras legislated "mano dura" policies against youth crimes. Guatemala and Belize followed suit but in a more ad-hoc manner.
  • right now Nicaragua has just 70 juveniles in jail.
  • It's a system that was developed in the '70s, when Nicaraguans were preparing for war against the dictatorship
  • Some were instructed to develop emergency treatment centers at their homes, while others were given small, but important tasks like collecting water.
  • Cuadra and other human rights groups have expressed concern that the police and even the community volunteers have begun to take on those security roles again.
  • tristanpantano on 02 Nov 16
     
    This article is valuable because it gives many other strategies that Central American countries use against crime. It also shows that Nicaragua, while doing a great job, isn't as tough as they could be in criminals. 
horowitzza

The Trouble With Measuring Peace in Latin America - 0 views

www.insightcrime.org/...asuring-peace-in-latin-america

trouble measuring latin latin america peace america

shared by horowitzza on 02 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • A new report ranks Colombia and Mexico as the least peaceful nations in Latin America -- however, this definition of "peace" may not accurately reflect the state of security in the region. 
  • The GPI's ranking system is somewhat perplexing, given that Central American countries with higher homicide rates -- namely, Honduras and El Salvador -- are considered more "peaceful" than Colombia and Mexico
  • Last year, both El Salvador and Honduras registered homicide rates higher than 60 per 100,000 people, more than double that of Colombia.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • the time murder rates began to decrease dramatically in cities such as in Tamaulipas and Ciudad Juarez, once hotspots for drug-related violence
evanpitt14

A&B most vulnerable of CARICOM states | Antigua Observer Newspaper - 0 views

antiguaobserver.com/t-vulnerable-of-caricom-states

shared by evanpitt14 on 30 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • is the most vulnerable of CARICOM states.
  • most vulnerable groups include women, youth, elderly, disabled and children in exploitative labour conditions.
  • doesn’t measure existing poverty
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • youth are a critical vulnerable group
  • Risk factors identified include teenage pregnancy, domestic violence, ineffective school systems and high health care costs.
  • at risk of becoming poor
  • grow up in abusive families and violent communities, leading to deviant behaviours such as drug abuse and violence, resulting in young males to be both the main victims and the main perpetrators of crime in the Caribbean
  • chain effect
  • gender violence
  • However, women showed greater resilience than men in retaining jobs during the 2009 economic crisis, possibly due to better secondary and tertiary educational performance.
  • evanpitt14 on 30 Sep 16
     
    This articles tells how poverty affects Caribbean countries and especially A+B. It says that this can lead to abuse, violence and drug use.
bennetttony

Nicaragua president's running mate: his wife | Albuquerque Journal - 1 views

www.abqjournal.com/...nts-running-mate-his-wife.html

nicaragua politics president wife

shared by bennetttony on 04 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • “That woman is the one who rules in the country. She is powerful,” said fruit vendor Roberto Mayorga. “If ‘the man’ dies, she’ll be there. She has been his shadow. There is nobody who can keep her from being next.”
  • She is said to run Cabinet meetings and many Nicaraguans credit her for social programs that have helped keep the ruling Sandinista party’s popularity ratings high.
  • And she’s equally reviled by government opponents, who see her presence on the ticket as another step in the 70-year-old Ortega’s push to maintain the couple’s grip on power in a country with a long and uncomfortable history of dynastic families.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • “The Ortegas really seem to be intent on increasing the family’s control over much of Nicaraguan political, social and economic life …” he added. “And so this would be a way to really guarantee that sho
  • Critics accuse Ortega of blatantly rigging the system despite the fact he would likely win anyway.
  • “And mafia-style, he picks his wife to give her the kind of institutional power that she already had de-facto.”
  • bennetttony on 04 Nov 16
     
    This article shows how one of the candidates in the the presidential election in Nicaragua has his wife as a running mate so that they get what they want in the government.
jackhanson1

In Nicaragua, a Blatantly Rigged Election - The New York Times - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...blatantly-rigged-election.html

shared by jackhanson1 on 04 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • On Jan. 10, 1978, my father was assassinated by hit men of the Somoza regime. His death meant the end of whatever remained of Nicaragua’s political arena. But it also unleashed an enormous wave of protests nationwide, because the country now saw rebellion as the only way left to end the dictatorship.Four decades later, we have gone through a tortuous cycle of revolution and counterrevolution, civil war and foreign aggression, democratic transition and, now, a return to authoritarianism. History is repeating itself as farce under the regime of Daniel Ortega, the former guerrilla leader who was the elected president from 1985 to 1990 and who returned to power in 2007.
  • Ironically, when the Sandinista revolution’s leaders were voted out of power in 1990 (allowing my mother, Violeta Chamorro, to become Nicaragua’s president for seven years), it was Mr. Ortega himself who contributed to the establishment of an electoral democracy by conceding defeat, thereby setting the country on course to transfer power peacefully among political parties. However, Mr. Ortega and the next president, Arnoldo Alemán, who later was accused of corruption, arrived at a political compact in 1999 that weakened the trend toward pluralistic democracy by setting up bipartisan control of the electoral system. In 2007, that, too, collapsed when Mr. Ortega, now back in office, took sole control.
  • In 2008, well-documented fraud marred municipal elections. And in 2011, Mr. Ortega, defying term limits law, was “re-elected” in balloting that was denounced as unconstitutional. He has used the time since to consolidate an institutional dictatorship that concentrates absolute power and that derives political support from an alliance with private business interests and from citizens who benefit from government policies that aid the poor.
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  • Once again, Nicaragua finds itself in a nefarious cycle in which advocates of change must depend on external pressure to compensate for an inability of the country to find domestic solutions to its problems of governance. The only piece of good news seems to be that Mr. Ortega’s apparent strength rises from clay feet. As Somoza’s experience demonstrated, in a one-person regime that aspires to be a one-family dictatorship, the inevitable corruption and repression that it cultivates eventually make the regime unsustainable.
  • jackhanson1 on 04 Nov 16
     
    This article relates to my topic because this article talks about the rigged elections in Nicaragua. Daniel Ortega is back up for election this year, and if he is elected, Nicaragua will undergo more strife and hardship. Also, if Ortega is elected, he will continue to neglect the needs of the indigenous people, refusing to negotiate with them.
nick_gauthier

OAS :: Human Rights - 0 views

www.oas.org/...human_rights.asp

human human rights diplomacy

shared by nick_gauthier on 05 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • he term “human rights” is broad and encompasses numerous, more specific issues under its general umbrella, such as the rights to free speech, to political participation, to a free and transparent system of justice, and others
  • Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) has advocated for justice and defended freedom throughout the Americas
  • have affirmed their unequivocal commitment to democracy and human rights, and the Commission strives to ensure that this commitment produces tangible results.
  • nick_gauthier on 05 Nov 16
     
    This gives a general overview of the mission of the OAS in regards to Human Rights. Furthermore, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights is a safeguard to defend and advocate freedom and Justice throughout the Americas.
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