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thomasw997 wcta

Air Transportation: Commercial Flight in the 1930s - 0 views

  • lthough not the only passenger airplane. Boeing had introduced its Model 80 in 1928, which also was designed as a passenger transport.
  • The Ford's most common variant, the 5AT, introduced in 1928, accommodated 13 passengers in its earliest model and was modified to seat up to 17. With no air conditioning and little heating, the plane was hot in summer and cold in winter, and with no circulation system, its environment was made even more unpleasant by the smell of hot oil and metal, leather seats, and disinfectant used to clean up after airsick passengers.
  • The Boeing Model 80 had a higher 14,000-foot (4,267-meter) ceiling but was still subject to turbulence.
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  • But on May 15, 1930, everything changed when Boeing Air Transport introduced the first female flight attendants. These women, called air stewardesses, attempted to make passengers more comfortable, offering them water, a sandwich, and sometimes chewing gum to help relieve ear discomfort.
  • Thus, nurses aboard the Boeing Model 80 became the first female flight attendants, for the salary of $125 per month. American Airlines began using stewardesses in 1933, and other airlines soon followed, although Pan American resisted the trend until 1944.
  • With the introduction of the Douglas DC-2 in 1934 and the DC-3 in 1936, air travel became much more comfortable and somewhat more commonplace. The DC-2 could fly coast-to-coast faster than any passenger plane before, and the DC-3 had both day and sleeper models, allowing passengers to travel cross-country in comfort. By 1939, at least 75 percent of all air travelers were flying on DC-3s. While the earlier trimotors had been plagued by engines that transmitted noise and vibration back to the passengers, Douglas planes added soundproofing to its cabins, ventilation ducts, and structure. Upholstered seats mounted on rubber and padded arm rests further reduced noise and vibration. The planes could also fly higher, around 20,000 feet, (6,100 meters), reducing, although not eliminating, turbulence, and the spar structure made the cabin roomier and easier to navigate than the contemporary Boeing 247, which had an internal spar that passengers had to step over.
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    Transportation in the 1930's
thomasw997 wcta

Vintage Transportation Ads of the 1930s - 0 views

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    Transportation in the 1930's Pictures,
thomasw997 wcta

Rail transport in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

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    Transportation in the 1930's
thomasw997 wcta

Pelgrane Press Ltd - See Page XX Webzine - 0 views

  • While by the 1930s, diesel engines were revolutionising rail transport, and giving birth to a burgeoning flight industry, on the sea and on rivers, steam was still king. Unlike with trains and aircraft, large ships remained in service for decades, meaning that many of the ships that transported passengers of the 1930s were built as early as the 1850s, and some ships built in the 1930s remain in service today. The steam turbine, first turned to use in seagoing vessels in 1897, was able to produce far more power than a traditional reciprocating steam engine. By the 1930s, all large ships were being built with such engines, allowing unprecedented speeds. For ships built in the thirties, the most popular fuel for running the boilers was no longer coal, but fuel oil. This meant that modern ships could run with a much smaller crew than earlier vessels. A typical small passenger steamer would have no more than a dozen crewmen, including a few stewards and cooks for the care of passengers. Larger vessels of course could have hundreds of crewmen (The Queen Mary, launched in 1936, had over a thousand), and were almost like floating towns, the crew forming their own community below decks.
thomasw997 wcta

1930s Cars - Great Innovation Despite Tough Times | The 1930s - The Finer Times - - 0 views

  • When we think of the 1930s, the images of the Great Depression leave the impression that nothing good happened because the entire country was focused simply on survival.  But in the area of automobile development, car designs of the 1930s developed some of the most significant new features for automobiles despite economic hard times. As is demonstrated by the popularity of vintage 1930s cars, some of the automobile designs of this period in history were exceptionally artistic and sophisticated.  It is phenomenal that such forward movement in the 1930s car industry occurred in light of how few in this era were privileged enough to be able to buy any kind of transportation at all, much less a new model that had ground breaking design innovation as part of its feature package. 
  • The result was that 1930s cars not only saw a leap forward in technical design but the styles that were created for this era of car manufacturing were distinctive and imaginative.  At the beginning of the 1930s cars almost universally were made to a four square design that was nothing if not boring.  But as the decade unfolded, some unique designs that we still identify with classic 1930s cars began to become popular. 
BRANDON wcta

Boeing's Metal Monoplanes of the 1930s: Aviation History: Wings Over Kansas - 0 views

  • By the end of the 1920s, biplanes were becoming obsolete and manufacturers turned to building all-metal monoplanes. Boeing Aircraft led this technological revolution with welded steel tubing for fuselage structure. This soon became standard in the industry until it was replaced by monocoque sheet metal structures in the mid-1930s.
  • The major drawback of the Monomail was that its design was too advanced for the engines and propellers that were available. The airplane required a low-pitch propeller for takeoff and climb and a high-pitch propeller to cruise. By the time the variable-pitch propeller and more powerful engines were available, newer, multiengine planes were replacing it.
  • United Air Lines, a member of the holding company United Airlines and Technology Corporation (UATC), purchased 60 of the planes and soon outdistanced all of its competitors.
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  • Disagreements also ensued over whether to have a co-pilot,
  • The propeller was also a source of controversy.
  • The co-pilot was added.
  • the plane was designed so that there would be sufficient propeller clearance if a variable-pitch propeller was added later.
  • The first 247 didn't fly until February 8, 1933, a year later than planned. It went into service with United on March 30, and most of the first 25 planes were delivered during April and May.
  • The modern twin-engine 247 demonstrated new aerodynamic qualities. It was a low-wing, all-metal monoplane with retractable landing gear and powered by two 550-horsepower (410-kilowatt) Pratt & Whitney Wasp radial engines. Lightweight alloys reduced its weight. It had enough power to climb on one engine with a full load, and it was also the first airliner to use wing flaps. Its final version, the 247D, had variable-pitch propellers and improved performance at higher altitudes to compete with the Douglas DC-2. It had room for 10 passengers, two pilots, and a stewardess (as flight attendants were then called), plus mail and baggage.
TIFFANY wcta

Food in Haiti - Haitian Food, Haitian Cuisine - traditional, popular, dishes, recipe, d... - 0 views

  • The island of Hispaniola, which encompasses both Haiti and the Dominican Republic, was inhabited by hunter-gatherers as early as 5000 B.C. Fruits and vegetables such as guavas, pineapples, cassava, papayas, sweet potatoes, and corn were cultivated by early Haitian tribes, particularly the Arawak and Taino Indians.
  • It was not long before the first European arrived on the island and began introducing oranges, limes, mangoes, rice, and sugarcane. Slaves from Africa were eventually transported to Haiti to work the sugarcane plantations.
  • Haitian food is often lumped together with other Caribbean islands as "Caribbean cuisine."
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  • Haitian cuisine is based on Creole and French cooking styles.
  • In 1998, the average life expectancy was 54.4 years of age.
  • Of children under the age of five, about 28 percent are underweight, and nearly one-third are stunted (short for their age).
  • About 61 percent of the population of Haiti is classified as undernourished by the World Bank.
    • holdend980 wcta
       
      I don't know if the recipes are needed.
  • Fruits and vegetables such as guavas, pineapples, cassava, papayas, sweet potatoes, and corn were cultivated by early Haitian tribes, particularly the Arawak and Taino Indians.
  • first European arrived on the island and began introducing oranges, limes, mangoes, rice, and sugarcane.
  • The Spanish established sugar plantations and made the native Indians work as slaves.
  • The Africans introduced okra (also called gumbo; edible pods), ackee (red and yellow fruit), taro (edible root), pigeon peas (seeds of an African shrub), and various spices to the diet. They later introduced such Haitian specialties as red beans and rice and mirliton (or chayote ; a pear-shaped vegetable) to Louisiana's Creole cuisine.
  • The Africans introduced okra (also called gumbo; edible pods), ackee (red and yellow fruit), taro (edible root), pigeon peas (seeds of an African shrub), and various spices to the diet. They later introduced such Haitian specialties as red beans and rice and mirliton (or chayote ; a pear-shaped vegetable) to Louisiana's Creole cuisine.
  • The African s introduced okra (also called gumbo; edible pods), ackee (red and yellow fruit), taro (edible root), pigeon peas (seeds of an African
  • The African s introduced okra (also called gumbo; edible pods), ackee (red and yellow fruit), taro (edible root), pigeon peas (seeds of an African shrub), and various spices to the diet. They later introduced such Haitian specialties as red beans and rice and mirliton (or chayote ; a pear-shaped vegetable) to Louisiana's Creole cuisine.
  • The French colonists successfully cultivated sugarcane, coffee, cotton, and cocoa with the help of African slaves.
  • the average Haitian diet is largely based on starch staples such as rice (which is locally grown), corn,
  • yams, and beans.
DANNICA wcta

Facing A Food Crisis in Haiti - 0 views

  • Anger over the cost of food got to be too much for hundreds of people who took to the streets across Haiti in protest in early April, burning tires and forcing businesses to shut down.
  • At least four people died.
  • The cost of basic food staples, including rice, beans and corn, has increased by an average of 50 percent in recent months in the Caribbean nation.
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  • The rise can be attributed to overall food prices on the world market, compounded here by the consequences of two devastating tropical storms last year and soaring transportation costs.
  • The crisis reaches all levels of society. But the very poorest are paying the highest price. These are the people in urban and rural areas, where unemployment is rampant, who can barely find enough to eat even in the best of times.
  • As food prices increase, desperation is spreading among the poor and working poor all the way up to the working class,
  • Imported rice has become one of the most important staples in Haiti, which only produces about 20 percent of the rice Haitians consume.
  • CRS has committed an initial $150,000 to support our food distribution partners in urban areas of Haiti.
  • That money is in addition to the $7 million worth of food CRS is already distributing to organizations throughout the country that care for thousands of Haiti's poorest and most vulnerable groups, including orphans, the elderly and people living with HIV.
  • With more than 50 years of experience in Haiti, CRS is now one of the largest U.S. humanitarian organizations working in the country.
CORINNA wcta

List of Nonprofit Organizations Helping Haiti | eHow.com - 0 views

  • HERO is a health and education relief organization that assists those devastated by natural disasters. The group helps with a variety of projects, including health, education and infrastructure. It has helped establish medical clinics and new hospitals, as well as schools in various parts of the country. Infrastructure programs have helped establish water supplies and improve transportation by re-creating a runway.
    • CORINNA wcta
       
      Corinna Florez period 7
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