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chelfyn Baxter

Management and Virtual Decentralised Networks: The Linux Project - 0 views

  • A mechanistic management system is appropriate to stable conditions. It is characterised by:The Organismic form is appropriate to changing conditions. It is characterised by: Hierarchic structure of control, authority and communicationNetwork structure of control A reinforcement of the hierarchic structure by the location of knowledge of actualities exclusively at the top of the hierarchyOmniscience no longer imputed to the head of the concern; knowledge may be located anywhere in the network; the location becoming the centre of authority Vertical interaction between the members of the concern, ie. between superior and subordinateLateral rather than vertical direction of communication through the organisation  A content of communication which consists of information and advice rather than instructions and decisions
    • chelfyn Baxter
       
      This is very similar to many Web 1.0/2.0 analogies
  • Structurehierarchicalnetworked Scopeinternal/closedexternal/open Resource focuscapitalhuman, information Statestabledynamic, changing Directionmanagement commandsself-management Basis of actioncontrolempowerment to act Basis for compensationposition in hierarchycompetency level
  • However, "the Linux movement did not and still does not have a formal hierarchy whereby important tasks can be handled out ... a kind of self-selection takes place instead: anyone who cares enough about a particular program is welcomed to try" [54]. But if his work is not good enough, another hacker will immediately fill the gap. In this way, this 'self-selection' ensures that the work done is of superb quality. Moreover this "decentralisation leads to more efficient allocation of resources (programmers' time and work) because each developer is free to work on any particular program of his choice as his skills, experience and interest best dictate" (Kuwabara, 2000). In contrast, "under centralised mode of software development, people are assigned to tasks out of economic considerations and might end up spending time on a feature that the marketing department has decided is vital to their ad campaign, but that no actual users care about" [55].
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  • Industrial AgeInformation Age Focus on measurable outcomesFocus on strategic issues using participation and empowerment Individual accountabilityTeam accountability Clearly differentiated-segmented organisational roles, positions and responsibilitiesMatrix arrangement - flexible positions and responsibilities Hierarchical, linear information flowsMultiple interface, 'boundaryless' information networking Initiatives for improvement emanate from a management eliteInitiatives for improvement emanate from all directions
  • There is only one layer between the community of Linux developers and Linus: the "trusted lieutenants". They are a dozen hackers that have done considerably extended work on a particular part of the kernel to gain Linus' trust. The "trusted lieutenants" are responsible to maintain a part of the Linux Kernel and lots of developers sent their patches (their code) directly to them, instead of Linus. Of course, apart from Linus that has encouraged this to happen, this informal mechanism represents a natural selection by the community since the "trusted lieutenants" are recognised [by the community] as being not owners but simple experts in particular areas [57] and thus, their 'authority' can always be openly challenged. This does not mean that Linus has more influence than they have. Recently, "Alan Cox (one of the "trusted" ones) disagreed with Linus over some obscure technical issue and it looks like the community really does get to judge by backing Alan and making Linus to acknowledge that he made a bad choice" [58].
  • In 1991, Linus Torvalds made a free Unix-like kernel (a core part of the operating system) available on the Internet and invited all hackers interested to participate. Within the next two months, the first version 1.0 of Linux was released. From that point, tens of thousands of developers, dispersed globally and communicating via the Internet, contributed code, so that early in 1993, Linux had grown to be a stable, reliable and very powerful operating system. The Linux kernel is 'copylefted' software, patented under the GNU GPL, and thus, nobody actually owns it. But more significantly, Linux is sheltered by the Open Source (hacker) community. From its very birth, Linux as a project has mobilised an incredible number of developers offering enhancements, modifications/improvements and bug fixes without any financial incentive. Despite the fact that an operating system is supposed to be developed only by a closely-knit team to avoid rising complexity and communication costs of coordination (Brook's Law), Linux is being developed in a massive decentralised mode under no central planning, an amazing feat given that it has not evolved into chaos. Innovation release early and often: Linus put into practice an innovative and paradox model of developing software. Frequent releases and updates (several times in a week) are typical throughout the entire development period of Linux. In this way, Linus kept the community constantly stimulated by the rapid growth of the project and provided an extraordinary effective mechanism of psychologically rewarding his co-developers for their contributions that were implemented in the last version. On top of this, in every released version, there is a file attached which lists all those who have contributed (code). Credit attribution if neglected, is a cardinal sin that will breed bitterness within the community and discourage developers from further contributing to the project. According to conventional software-building wisdom, early versions are by definition buggy and you do not want to wear out the patience of your users. But as far as the Linux development stage is concerned, developers are the users themselves and this is where most innovation is created (Figure 8). "The greatest innovation of Linux is that treating your users as co-developers is your least-hassle route to rapid code improvement and effective debugging" (Raymond, 1998a).
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    It's a great article
Helen Baxter

Enterprise Web 2.0 :: Web 2.0 Re-examined: Part 2 - What is Web 2.0? - 1 views

  • What Is Web 2.0? Web 2.0 is the next evolution of the web that has a new usage paradigm as well as a new technology paradigm. The former is characterized by “architecture of participation” and the latter is characterized by “architecture of partition”. The “Consumer-centric” View Causes Confusion There is no doubt that the “web 2.0” phenomenon is ignited by the success of consumer websites like MySpace, YouTube and Flickr.  From these consumer website, analysts established “social networking” via the network effect as a key feature of web 2.0. Though it is possible that enterprise oriented social computing applications may emerge to address specific enterprise concerns, it is not clear how social networking can change enterprise IT on a more fundamental level. Analysts further characterized “Architecture of Participation” as another key element of web 2.0, as evident from YouTube and Flickr. Similarly it is unclear whether/how “architecture of participation” would impact enterprise IT mission. Enterprise IT’s mission is simple: to enable and facilitate the interaction and integration of IT systems and people. There is no doubt that web 2.0 applications like blogs and wikis based on “architecture of participation” can be useful to enterprises, but is there anything beyond blogs and wikis? The key technology behind most consumer web 2.0 websites, Ajax, is not new. The popular “mashup” concept sounds new but in reality is based on what has been built into the browser for many years. The “consumer-centric” perspective limits how we look at the technology aspect of web 2.0 and leads to the conclusion that web 2.0 involves no technology advancement. Further, “architecture of participation”, “social networking” and “harness the collective intelligence” are all usage patterns. They do not relate to technology. In fact, they can be supported well on web 1.0 technologies; reinforcing the common belief that web 2.0 has no technology foundation but rather a buzzword created by marketers.  The Differences between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 Tim O’Reilly observed the differences between web 1.0 and web 2.0 from a consumer perspective in his original essay: Web 1.0   Web 2.0 DoubleClick --> Google AdSense Ofoto --> Flickr Akamai --> BitTorrent mp3.com --> Napster Britannica Online --> Wikipedia personal websites --> blogging evite --> upcoming.org and EVDB domain name speculation --> search engine optimization page views --> cost per click screen scraping --> web services publishing --> participation content management systems --> wikis directories (taxonomy) --> tagging ("folksonomy") stickiness --> syndicationFrom Consumer Web 1.0 to Consumer Web 2.0    From an enterprise perspective, web 2.0 introduces a very different set of changes:  Web 1.0   Web 2.0 Browser --> Application Client Container HTML --> Declarative application markup HTTP(pull, unreliable) --> Push, pub/sub, reliable Application Server --> Mashup Server Appilcation Integration --> Enterprise Mashup/SOA Press release --> Corporate blogs Packaged software --> On demand/Saas Close source --> Open source Top down (dictatorship) --> Bottom up (democracy) Superbowl Ad/TV --> Google AdFrom Enterprise Web 1.0 to Enterprise Web 2.0 The Two Pillars: Consumer Web 2.0 and Enterprise Web 2.0 Web 2.0 has two pillars: consumer web 2.0 and enterprise web 2.0. These two do overlap, in particular, in the area of social computing. Consumer web 2.0 and enterprise web 2.0 have different characteristics, as shown below: Consumer Web 1.0   Enterprise Web 2.0 Architecture of Participation Architecture of Partition Social networking On Demand computing/SaaS Harness collective intelligence Enterprise social computing HTML Mashup Enterprise mashup Rich User Experience Rich User Experience The Web As Platform The Web As PlatformKey Characteristics of Consumer Web 2.0 and Enterprise Web 2.0 The technology paradigm shifts with web 2.0 brings tremendous, tangible and measurable ROI to corporate IT. Further, the new possibilities enabled by web 2.0 such as social computing are bringing corporate IT to new horizons.
globalshop24

Buy Google Ads Accounts - Best Quality Everything Google Ads Accounts 2024 - 0 views

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    Introduction Google Advancements is a strong web progressing organize that has totally changed how companies communicate with their target show off. Let's to begin with see at this tool's imperative component, the Google AdWords account, a few time as of late looking at its full capabilities. To put it essentially, a Google AdWords account is your virtual entryway to online campaign creation, organization, and optimization. It gives you the control and assets you require to make compelling headways, develop up budget objectives, select adjust watchwords, and track the ampleness of your advancements in genuine to goodness time. On a very basic level, your Google Advancements account serves as the central point for all of your publicizing endeavors, permitting you to effectively interface with your target bunch of onlookers all through Google's wide organize of websites and services. Buy Google Ads Accounts Why ought to to you purchase a Google Advancements account? In the age of digitalization, publicizing has gotten to be an basic component of a useful commerce organize. Considering that billions of individuals utilize the web each day, making the most of online publicizing channels is basic to opening up brand mindfulness and coming to a more prominent gathering of people. One of the best methods to show off your stock or organizations to orchestrated clients is through Google Takes note, once in the past known as Google AdWords. Here are a few solid debate for getting a Google AdWords account if you're considering about getting into the online progressing space. Buy Google Ads Accounts Draw in a Clearing Audience: Specialized Promotion Cost-Effective Advertising: Quantifiable Results: Quick and Coordinate Set-Up:
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    Google Advancements is a strong web progressing organize that has totally changed how companies communicate with their target show off. Let's to begin with see at this tool's imperative component, the Google AdWords account, a few time as of late looking at its full capabilities. To put it essentially, a Google AdWords account is your virtual entryway to online campaign creation, organization, and optimization. It gives you the control and assets you require to make compelling headways, develop up budget objectives, select adjust watchwords, and track the ampleness of your advancements in genuine to goodness time. On a very basic level, your Google Advancements account serves as the central point for all of your publicizing endeavors, permitting you to effectively interface with your target bunch of onlookers all through Google's wide organize of websites and services. Buy Google Ads Accounts Why ought to to you purchase a Google Advancements account? In the age of digitalization, publicizing has gotten to be an basic component of a useful commerce organize. Considering that billions of individuals utilize the web each day, making the most of online publicizing channels is basic to opening up brand mindfulness and coming to a more prominent gathering of people. One of the best methods to show off your stock or organizations to orchestrated clients is through Google Takes note, once in the past known as Google AdWords. Here are a few solid debate for getting a Google AdWords account if you're considering about getting into the online progressing space. Buy Google Ads Accounts Draw in a Clearing Audience: Specialized Promotion Cost-Effective Advertising: Quantifiable Results: Quick and Coordinate Set-Up: Understanding Google Advancements Account? Online publicizing has wrapped up up a vital allocate of any compelling showing strategy in today's digitally-driven society. And Google Advancements is among the most compelling contraptions open to marketers and
AJ Tivol

Image « What is Web 2.0? - 1 views

  • Believe you can change the world. Work quickly, keep the tools unlocked, work whenever. Know when to work alone and when to work together. Share — tools, ideas. Trust your colleagues. No politics. No bureaucracy. (These are ridiculous in a garage.) The customer defines a job well done. Radical ideas are not bad ideas. Invent different ways of working. Make a contribution every day. If it doesn’t contribute, it doesn’t leave the garage. Believe that together we can do anything. Invent.
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    brilliant description
globalshop24

Buy Walmart Seller Accounts - 100% Safe & Full Verified Accounts 2024 - 0 views

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mbarek Akaddar

Use Twitter in Windows Media Center with TwitterMCE - How-To Geek - 6 views

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    Are you a Media Center user who just can't get enough Twitter? If so, you may want to check out the TwitterMCE plugin for Windows Media Center.
Janos Haits

Intel AppUp center - 8 views

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    Amazing power. Amazing FUN. At Intel AppUpSM center, we have apps for it all. From Angry Birds to wikiHow, we're your one-stop shop for all the latest PC apps.
anonymous

Add Website | Create Website - 0 views

  • Add a website, or see how to create your own single-page website. Create your single-page or multi-page website, see offers starting from 144 euros Create website How to create your own single page websiteCreate your single page website or with multiple pages, see the offers
globalshop24

Buy Bing Ads Accounts - Best Quality Everything Bing Ads Accounts 2024 - 0 views

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    Introduction In the domain of online publicizing, Google AdWords is habitually considered the favored stage. Bing Advertisements, in any case, is a impressive competitor in the field of advanced publicizing. Microsoft claims Bing Advertisements, which gives companies and promoters with a extraordinary chance to utilize look motor showcasing to reach a expansive group of onlookers. Indeed in spite of the fact that Google is the industry pioneer in look motor promoting, Bing is still a enormous player with a sizable client base, which makes Bing Advertisements a alluring choice for individuals attempting to increment their online perceivability and site traffic. Buy Bing Ads Accounts Why ought to you open an account with Bing Ads? Online promoting has ended up fundamental for businesses to succeed in the current advanced time. It is presently more vital than ever for companies to contribute in promoting stages that permit them to proficiently reach their target gathering of people as the online commercial center extends. In spite of the fact that Bing Advertisements is a stage that ought to not be ignored, Google AdWords may be the stage that promptly springs to intellect when considering publicizing options. The promoting stage advertised by Microsoft's Bing look motor is called Bing Advertisements. Bing still keeps up a huge advertise share and gets millions of questions each day, in spite of not being as prevalent as Google. This suggests that you can reach a huge gathering of people of imminent clients who are effectively looking for products and administrations related with your company by making an speculation in a Bing Advertisements account. Buy Bing Ads Accounts
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    In the domain of online publicizing, Google AdWords is habitually considered the favored stage. Bing Advertisements, in any case, is a impressive competitor in the field of advanced publicizing. Microsoft claims Bing Advertisements, which gives companies and promoters with a extraordinary chance to utilize look motor showcasing to reach a expansive group of onlookers. Indeed in spite of the fact that Google is the industry pioneer in look motor promoting, Bing is still a enormous player with a sizable client base, which makes Bing Advertisements a alluring choice for individuals attempting to increment their online perceivability and site traffic. Buy Bing Ads Accounts Why ought to you open an account with Bing Ads? Online promoting has ended up fundamental for businesses to succeed in the current advanced time. It is presently more vital than ever for companies to contribute in promoting stages that permit them to proficiently reach their target gathering of people as the online commercial center extends. In spite of the fact that Bing Advertisements is a stage that ought to not be ignored, Google AdWords may be the stage that promptly springs to intellect when considering publicizing options. The promoting stage advertised by Microsoft's Bing look motor is called Bing Advertisements. Bing still keeps up a huge advertise share and gets millions of questions each day, in spite of not being as prevalent as Google. This suggests that you can reach a huge gathering of people of imminent clients who are effectively looking for products and administrations related with your company by making an speculation in a Bing Advertisements account. Buy Bing Ads Accounts Understanding Bing Advertisements: A Brief Overview? The ever-changing computerized scene of nowadays has made look motor publicizing a vital component of promoting plans. Companies are continuously looking for proficient strategies to interface with their target showcase and give quality leads. In terms of l
Steve Weller

CAT: Strategies for Engaging Students - 3 views

  • Strategies for Engaging Students
  • bring in articles
  • college life
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • media publications
  • topics relevant to them
  • students
  • choices in planning the course
  • pursue their own questions
  • be clear about your expectations and objectives (students need to know why they are being asked to do something)
  • draft exam questions
  • individual learning contracts
  • meaningful feedback
  • credit to students' contributions
  • to present and learn material make use of technology as
  • short, in-class
  • Use High Tech
    • Steve Weller
       
      Activate the Blogs and begin having students quick writes about what we are doing in class
  • tudents resolve conflict
  • What did you like
  • exciting idea?
  • group concept map
  • respond to question on a
  • compare
  • earning journals
  • learn students' names
  • give examples from your own life
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John Onwuegbu

Google's WebP: Future Image Format? - 15 views

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    The open-source image format, WebP took a center stage at the just concluded developers' conference Google I/O, with session covering the latest features, news and future roadmap of the WebP format.
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Janos Haits

Facebook Privacy Watcher - 15 views

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    Facebook Privacy Watcher is an addon for Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome, that has been developed at Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt (CASED) in association with TU Darmstadt (Technical University of Darmstadt). It provides a new and very simple interface to manage your privacy settings on Facebook.
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Sandy John

Application Development Outsourcing - 1 views

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    Application development outsourcing is one of the hottest topics nowadays. Everyone from the IT workers to executives is talking about it, whether it's due to fear of job loss or possible cost savings. The cost aspect seems to be dominating the debate at the moment. Cyber Futuristics provide consultancy and programming services to our clients as an Offshore Software Development Center. Our services include all software development solutions among others business software analysis, graphical user interfaces, prototype development, software application development, software development outsourcing, custom software solutions, e commerce software solutions and database optimization.
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    Application development outsourcing is one of the hottest topics nowadays. Everyone from the IT workers to executives is talking about it, whether it's due to fear of job loss or possible cost savings. The cost aspect seems to be dominating the debate at the moment. Cyber Futuristics provide consultancy and programming services to our clients as an Offshore Software Development Center. Our services include all software development solutions among others business software analysis, graphical user interfaces, prototype development, software application development, software development outsourcing, custom software solutions, e commerce software solutions and database optimization.
Janos Haits

Torrent Stream - 15 views

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    TS Media Center is your personal media platform for managing video/audio content in the Internet, through the most popular and efficient BitTorrent protocol.
John Onwuegbu

Enter Google Play - 15 views

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    Google Play, is duped a digital entertainment center, a place where you share music, movies and apps on the web, as well as on your Android devices
John Onwuegbu

LinkedIn Volunteer Marketplace: Connecting Professionals to Nonprofit Opportunities | Q... - 1 views

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    Volunteer Hub will serve as a networking center for job seekers who may not require remunerations for their services and opportunities for nonprofit workforce sourcing.
John Onwuegbu

Chrome 28 for Android brings Data Compression | Questechie - 2 views

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    Google's push on Chrome to take a center stage on the web is very much evidence in the current slew of improvements coming to the browser.
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Vernon Fowler

LongReply | MailChimp Labs - 9 views

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    Why do people go to Twitter for customer service? Because it's the last place they know they won't get an automated attendant, outsourced call center or crappy documentation. People want help, from human beings-and they want it now. Twitter is a speedy and human way to respond to customers, but sometimes you need to say more. We built LongReply for people who care more than 140 characters.
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