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anonymous

10 Reading Revolutions Before E-Books - Science and Tech - The Atlantic - 0 views

www.theatlantic.com/...62004

reading lecture histoire

shared by anonymous on 26 Aug 10 - Cached
  • As Ong notes, unlike writing or agriculture, the alphabet was only invented once - every single alphabet and abjad can trace itself back to the same Semitic roots.
    • Michel Roland-Guill
      Michel Roland-Guill on 26 Aug 10
       
      discutable: les syllabaires sont-ils vraiment de nature si différente. ex. kana japonais.
  • 4. Now, the other major pre-Gutenberg "revolution" in the history of the book (and by now you may be getting the hint that not one of these revolutions were total coups that changed everything everywhere in an instant, leaving nothing of the old order behind) was in the shape, size, and design of the book itself. The shift from the rolled scroll to the folded codex as the dominant form of the book radically affected readers' conceptions not only of books, but of what kinds of reading were possible.
  • 5. The shift from scroll to codex was in turn enabled by a shift from papyrus to parchment and then paper
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • 6. This is especially true for arguably the most important reading revolution -- the industrial revolution. Gigantic presses powered by steam (and later, electric power) could crank out books and newspapers and advertisements that strained the always-fickle paper supply. Eventually, papermakers were able to invent a variety of mechanical and chemical techniques engineer decent-quality paper out of pulped wood, a supply that (unlike cloth rags) appeared limitless.
  • 7 & 8. If those analogies made sense to you, it's because reading has transformed even further in the electronic age. Entire new families of audiovisual media, transmitted wirelessly or on discs, cylinders, reels, and cassettes, became more essential to culture even as text continued to proliferate exponentially. The development and expansion of computing, too, introduced a few powerful wrinkles, like the conversion of alphanumeric text to binary languages, text written to be "read" by computers rather than humans, and greatly increasing the amount of reading and writing we perform on screens.
  • 9. There are two other reading revolutions worth mentioning, broad tendencies even less fixed to a particular historical moment. Communications legend Harold Innis suggested that the history of culture itself was characterized by a balance between media that persisted in time - think stone inscriptions and heavy parchment books -- and those offering the greatest portability across space, like paper, radio, and television.
  • modernity, for good or ill, had tipped the balance toward the ephemeral-but-portable, what Engelsing would call extensive rather than intensive media.
  • 10. My favorite reading revolution, though, isn't very famous, even though it was conceived by the very famous media theorist Walter Benjamin. It's the shift from vertical to horizontal writing, and then back to vertical again. He lays it out in his 1928 book One-Way Street: If centuries ago [writing] began gradually to lie down, passing from the upright inscription to the manuscript resting on sloping desks before finally taking itself to bed in the printed book, it now begins just as slowly to rise again from the ground. The newspaper is read more in the vertical than in the horizontal plane, while film and advertisements force the printed word entirely into the dictatorial perpendicular.
  • other historians quickly found counterexamples of extensive premodern reading (Cicero and his letters) and intensive reading today
  • 1. The phrase "reading revolution" was probably coined by German historian Rolf Engelsing. He certainly made it popular. Engelsing was trying to describe something he saw in the 18th century: a shift from "intensive" reading and re-reading of very few texts to "extensive" reading of many, often only once
  • 2. Outside of scholarly circles, the top candidate is usually the better-known Print Revolution, usually associated with Johannes Gutenberg, who helped introduce movable type to Europe. Now, as Andrew Pettegree's new history The Book in the Renaissance shows, the early years of print were much messier than advertised: no one knew quite what to do with this technology, especially how to make money off of it.
  • In Elizabeth Eisenstein's account in The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe, print changed readers' expectations of texts, especially their universality and fidelity, since everyone everywhere was (in theory) reading an exact copy of an identical text. This assumption proved particularly instrumental in the subsequent Scientific Revolution. Benedict Anderson thought print helped readers of a common language in a highly fragmented Europe think of themselves as an "imagined community," crucial to forming the modern nation-state. Marshall McLuhan and Walter Ong thought print helped further reorient language from sound to vision, paving the way for our screen-fixated present. This is a reorientation that, as Ong argued extensively, begins with writing itself.
  • 3. There are many crucial developments in the very early history of writing, but for the sake of time/space (writing being the primary technology that allows us to think of these interchangeably), let's cut to the emergence of the alphabet. From bureaucratic cuneiform to monumental hieroglyphs, early writing systems were mostly divorced from speech. Scripts where symbols matched consonants or syllables allowed you to exchange symbols for sounds. An abjad, like Phoenician, Hebrew, or Arabic, was a script for merchants, not scribes. This took on an additional order of magnitude with the emergence of the first proper alphabet, Greek. The Greeks took the Phoenician letters and 1) added symbols for vowels; 2) completely abstracted the names and images of the letters from words in the language.
Michel Roland-Guill

A Look at the Reading Habits of E-Reader Owners - WSJ.com - 0 views

online.wsj.com/...3846604575448093175758872.html

lecture reading ebooks

shared by Michel Roland-Guill on 26 Aug 10 - Cached
  • A study of 1,200 e-reader owners by Marketing and Research Resources Inc. found that 40% said they now read more than they did with print books. Of those surveyed, 58% said they read about the same as before while 2% said they read less than before.
  • Some 11 million Americans are expected to own at least one digital reading gadget by the end of September, estimates Forrester Research. U.S. e-book sales grew 183% in the first half of this year compared with the year-earlier period, according to the Association of American Publishers.
  • Amazon, the biggest seller of e-books, says its customers buy 3.3 times as many books after buying a Kindle
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • because e-book gadgets are portable, people report they're reading more and at times when a book isn't normally an option: on a smartphone in the doctor's waiting room; through a Ziploc-bag-clad Kindle in a hot tub, or on a treadmill with a Sony Reader's fonts set to jumbo.
  • Mystery and thriller author Michael Connelly says he has about 30 e-books on his Kindle, Sony Reader and iPad
  • Compared with print, iPad readers were 6.2% slower and Kindle readers were 10.7% slower, though the difference between the iPad and Kindle results wasn't statistically significant
  • "Both devices give you a more relaxed feeling as opposed to a computer,"
  • In creating the Kindle, Jeff Bezos, Amazon's chief executive, says he set out to develop technology that could encourage long-form reading, instead of just snippets.
  • "A nightmare scenario for me would be if this device would ever beep at me while I'm reading."
  • men are bigger consumers of e-books than women by a narrow margin. Among e-book buyers, 52% were men compared with 48% for women—a reversal of print books, where women buy more. E-reader users also say that 52% of their e-books were ones they purchased, while 48% of their e-books were free because they were sample giveaways or out-of-copyright.
  • 66% of libraries offered e-book loans, up from just 38% in 2005.
  • Pages may be antiquated, but they're very helpful for making sure reading-club participants or students in a classroom are all on the same page. No page numbers also means there's no skipping ahead to sneak a peek at a page near the end of a book. Most e-readers have tried to replace page numbers by showing the percentage of the book read.
  • With an e-reader, readers can hold and turn pages with just one hand.
  • work in bed even when the lights are off
Michel Roland-Guill

Reading in a Whole New Way | 40th Anniversary | Smithsonian Magazine - 3 views

www.printthis.clickability.com/pt/cpt?action=cpt&title=Reading+in+a+Whole+New+Way+|+40th+Anniversary+|+Smithsonian+Magazine&expire=&urlID=430056402&fb=Y&url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/specialsections/40th-anniversary/Reading-in-a-Whole-New-Way.h

lecture literacy Kelly

shared by Michel Roland-Guill on 31 Oct 10 - No Cached
  • the romance novel was invented in 1740
    • Michel Roland-Guill
      Michel Roland-Guill on 01 Nov 10
       
      ?? Sur quoi se base-t-il?
  • But reading and writing, like all technologies, are dynamic.
  • In time, the power of authors birthed the idea of authority and bred a culture of expertise. Perfection was achieved “by the book.”
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • By 1910 three-quarters of the towns in America with more than 2,500 residents had a public library.
  • a people of the book.
    • Michel Roland-Guill
      Michel Roland-Guill on 01 Nov 10
       
      Intéressant comme est ici condensé un imaginaire américain de la lettre. A remarquer que cet attachement au livre et à la chose écrite ne se double d'aucun intellectualisme, au contraire. La situation française est bien différentes et à plusieurs égards opposée. Au point qu'on peut se demander si la crise de la culture française ne s'explique pas, en partie et à ce niveau, par une contradiction entre ses éléments structurants et ceux de la culture américaine telle qu'elle est transmise par les médias de la culture populaire, cinéma et télévision au premier chef.
  • the Constitution, the Declaration of Independence and, indirectly, the Bible
  • This new platform is very visual, and it is gradually merging words with moving images
    • Michel Roland-Guill
      Michel Roland-Guill on 01 Nov 10
       
      Gros enjeu là, voir billet de F. Kaplan sur epub.
  • The amount of time people spend reading has almost tripled since 1980
  • But it is not book reading
  • It is screen reading
  • dog-ear
  • it seemed weird five centuries ago to see someone read silently
    • Michel Roland-Guill
      Michel Roland-Guill on 01 Nov 10
       
      !!! (voir Gavrilov & Burnyeat)
  • a contemplative mind
  • utilitarian thinking
  • a reflex to do something
  • We review a movie while we watch it,
  • Screens provoke action instead of persuasion.
  • Propaganda is less effective in a world of screens, because while misinformation travels fast, corrections do, too.
    • Michel Roland-Guill
      Michel Roland-Guill on 01 Nov 10
       
      Angélisme. Cf. article à retrouver: endogamie des échanges sur les blogues et les forums
  • Wikipedia
  • In books we find a revealed truth; on the screen we assemble our own truth from pieces
    • Michel Roland-Guill
      Michel Roland-Guill on 01 Nov 10
       
      Tradition vs. Individualisme.
  • On networked screens everything is linked to everything else.
    • Michel Roland-Guill
      Michel Roland-Guill on 01 Nov 10
       
      Ici le coeur de la contradiction chez Kelly: la révolution numérique est appréhendée depuis le paradigme américain pré-révolution numérique qui oppose autorité et individualisme. Or la RN redistribue ici (peut-être plus qu'ailleurs) les cartes en contestant, en même temps que le rôle de l'autorité, l'individualisme libéral dont les historiens de la lecture ont montré qu'il s'est construit, depuis Augustin mais particulièrement à la Renaissance par le commerce singulier avec le livre.
  • the degree to which it is linked to the rest of the world.
    • Michel Roland-Guill
      Michel Roland-Guill on 01 Nov 10
       
      Page Rank
  • the inner nature of things
  • informational layer
    • Michel Roland-Guill
      Michel Roland-Guill on 01 Nov 10
       
      Bande de Möbius.
    • Michel Roland-Guill
      Michel Roland-Guill on 01 Nov 10
       
      contradiction apparente: the inner nature = informationnal layer. cf. Derrida.
  • to “read” everything, not just text
  • Not to see our face, but our status
  • lifelogging
  • memory
  • America was founded on the written word.
  • Being able to read silently to yourself was considered an amazing talent. Writing was an even rarer skill. In 15th-century Europe only one in 20 adult males could write.
    • Michel Roland-Guill
      Michel Roland-Guill on 01 Nov 10
       
      Vision technicisée et progressiste des pratiques de l'écriture, où il est assez naturel de retrouver relayé le mythe de la rareté de la lecture silencieuse dans l'Antiquité. Je crois avoir lu quelque part, et même en plusieurs endroits, que la connaissance et la pratique au moins rudimentaire de l'écriture était très répandue dans l'antiquité classique (grecque et romaine) au rebours de ce que soutient Kelly ici. Mais il s'appuie vraisemblablement sur des études sérieuses valant pour le 15e s. et dans sa vision linéaire d'un progrès fondé sur la succession des innovations techniques cela implique qu'on ne savait généralement pas écrire dans l'antiquité.Il n'est pas difficile de deviner combien une vision aussi simpliste, aussi simplement orientée de l'évolution des pratiques de la lettre est aujourd'hui, au moment où il nous faut évaluer une révolution nouvelle de ces pratiques est sinon nuisible au moins handicapante.
  • Today some 4.5 billion digital screens illuminate our lives.
Michel Roland-Guill

Rough Type: Nicholas Carr's Blog: Killing Mnemosyne - 2 views

www.roughtype.com/...killing_mnemosy_1.php

Carr mémoire littéracie

shared by Michel Roland-Guill on 02 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • Isidore, the bishop of Seville, remarked how reading “the sayings” of thinkers in books “render[ed] their escape from memory less easy.”
  • Shakespeare has Hamlet call his memory “the book and volume of my brain.”
  • Books provide a supplement to memory, but they also, as Eco puts it, “challenge and improve memory; they do not narcotize it.”
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • Erasmus, in his 1512 textbook De Copia, stressed the connection between memory and reading. He urged students to annotate their books
  • He also suggested that every student and teacher keep a notebook, organized by subject, “so that whenever he lights on anything worth noting down, he may write it in the appropriate section.”
  • Memory, for Seneca as for Erasmus, was as much a crucible as a container.
    • Michel Roland-Guill
      Michel Roland-Guill on 02 Apr 11
       
      crucible = creuset
  • To him, memorizing was far more than a means of storage
  • Far from being a mechanical, mindless process, Erasmus’s brand of memorization engaged the mind fully
  • “We should imitate bees,” Seneca wrote, “and we should keep in separate compartments whatever we have collected from our diverse reading, for things conserved separately keep better. Then, diligently applying all the resources of our native talent, we should mingle all the various nectars we have tasted, and then turn them into a single sweet substance, in such a way that, even if it is apparent where it originated, it appears quite different from what it was in its original state.”
  • kinds of flowers
  • Francis Bacon
  • “commonplace books,”
  • “a gentleman’s commonplace book” served “both as a vehicle for and a chronicle of his intellectual development.”
  • The arrival of the limitless and easily searchable data banks of the Internet brought a further shift, not just in the way we view memorization but in the way we view memory itself.
  • Clive Thompson, the Wired writer, refers to the Net as an “outboard brain”
  • David Brooks
  • “I had thought that the magic of the information age was that it allowed us to know more,” he writes, “but then I realized the magic of the information age is that it allows us to know less. It provides us with external cognitive servants—silicon memory systems, collaborative online filters, consumer preference algorithms and networked knowledge. We can burden these servants and liberate ourselves.”
  • Peter Suderman
  • “it’s no longer terribly efficient to use our brains to store information.”
  • “Why memorize the content of a single book when you could be using your brain to hold a quick guide to an entire library? Rather than memorize information, we now store it digitally and just remember what we stored.”
  • Don Tapscott, the technology writer, puts it more bluntly. Now that we can look up anything “with a click on Google,” he says, “memorizing long passages or historical facts” is obsolete.
  • When, in an 1892 lecture before a group of teachers, William James declared that “the art of remembering is the art of thinking,” he was stating the obvious.
Michel Roland-Guill

Darwin's Library » On immersiveness - 0 views

darwinslibrary.com/...on-immersiveness

reading lecture attention

shared by Michel Roland-Guill on 26 Aug 10 - Cached
  • One notion I’ve seen mentioned would be to package Sense and Sensibility with snippets from the film version. This strikes me as a terrible idea. Not only would it be likely to fail the first test and distract attention away from the text, it also fails the second, by imposing Colin Firth’s interpretation of Mr Darcy onto the reader’s imagination. All without any of the compensations of a full film viewing experience. The worst case scenario is a reading experience cluttered with visual distractions that disperse rather than focus the attention, coupled with content which confines the imaginative response to the text.
anonymous

The Latest From Betaworks: Findings. A New Way To Share Book Passages And Web Marginalia | TechCrunch - 1 views

techcrunch.com/...findings-betaworks

Kindle lecture

shared by anonymous on 30 Oct 11 - No Cached
  • Reading, which began as a solitary activity, is increasingly becoming a social experience. We share links constantly on Twitter and Facebook to the latest blog posts and articles we are Reading, and electronic books such as Amazon’s Kindle allow you to share your highlights and notes with the world.
anonymous

Expériences de lecture - Christian Jacomino | Feedbooks - 1 views

fr.feedbooks.com/...exp%C3%A9riences-de-lecture

lecture reading literacy illettrisme ebooks

shared by anonymous on 17 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • L'auteur a créé l'atelier VoixHaute.net pour expérimenter de nouveaux modes d'apprentissage de la lecture. Dans ce cadre, il a conçu les Moulins à paroles (m@p), à la fois outil numérique et anthologie dont chaque volume est consacré à un poème, une chanson ou un fragment de prose.Ce livre s'adresse à tous ceux qui s'intéressent à l'art de la lecture et à son enseignement. Il constitue une introduction à l'usage des m@p, et un commentaire.
Dvorah Massa Adachihara

Cultivons l'humour y compris à l'école - 0 views

www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/...015020-9012-f.html

école humour

shared by Dvorah Massa Adachihara on 29 Aug 10 - Cached
  • Dvorah Massa Adachihara on 29 Aug 10
     
    ...et surtout à l'école ! On va en avoir besoin...
  • anonymous on 29 Aug 10
     
    Superbe, Dvorah!... Un vrai programme pour une vraie école...
anonymous

Enquête sur la lecture numérique chez les enfants et leurs parents | Infobourg.com - TIC, actualité, grands dossiers et ressources en éducation - 0 views

www.infobourg.com/...z-les-enfants-et-leurs-parents

enquête

shared by anonymous on 01 Jun 11 - No Cached
  • Scholastic, un éditeur qui s’intéresse à la littératie (habileté à lire et à comprendre), a publié dans un rapport, The 2010 Kids & Family Reading (anglais), les résultats d’une enquête portant sur la lecture chez les enfants et les parents.
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