US History

in 1932, three-quarters of all workers were on part-time schedules, averaging just 60 percent of the normal work week.

average family income had tumbled 40 percent,

In Oakland, California, whole families lived in sewer pipes.

Vagrancy

many families did without milk or meat.

Herbert Hoover declared, "Nobody is actually starving. The hoboes are better fed than they have ever been." But in New York City in 1931, there were 20 known cases of starvation; in 1934, there were 110 deaths caused by hunger.

heavy psychological toll on jobless men

Large numbers of men lost self-respect

many women saw their status rise

drew some families closer together

assuring landlords a windfall of an extra $142 a month. Buildings that previously held 60 families now contained 300

Mexican Americans faced serious opposition from organized labor

repatriated

The trouble with capitalism is capitalists; they're too damn greedy."

Quaker

He was worth $4 million by the age of 40, and then devoted himself to public service.

y April 1, 1933, U.S. Steel did not have a single full-time employee.

Smoot-Hawley tariff

provoked retaliation from Britain

Hoover persuaded local and state governments to sharply increase public works spending

Hoover quickly developed a reputation as uncaring

Hoover was a stubborn man

"Either we shall have a society based upon ordered liberty and the initiative of the individual, or we shall have a planned society that means dictation no matter what you call it.... There is no half-way ground.

In 1932, he created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

to help save the banking and railroad systems.

Roosevelt won the governorship of New York in 1928--one of the few Democrats to survive the Republican landslide. Surrounding himself with able advisors, Roosevelt labored to convert New York into a laboratory for reform, involving conservation, old-age pensions, public works projects, and unemployment insurance.

a New Deal for the American people

policy of experimentation

The Third Cavalry advanced on the veterans, followed by infantry with fixed bayonets, a machine gun detachment, troops with tear gas canisters, and six midget tanks. The camps were burned.

hief of Staff Douglas MacArthur