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When President Herbert Hoover took office, the unemployment rate was 4.4 percent. When he left office, it was 23.6 percent.

Hoover’s efforts in providing relief during and after World War I saved millions of Europeans, including Germans and Russians, from starvation and made him an international hero

Hoover was a proponent of "rugged individualism."

20,000 World War I veterans and their families marched on Washington

The proposal was to pay veterans $1 for each day served in the United States and $1.25 for every day overseas.

resident Hoover called on the Army to "put an end to rioting and defiance of authority."

images of the Great Depression remain firmly etched in the American psyche: breadlines, soup kitchens, tin-can shanties and tar-paper shacks known as "Hoovervilles," penniless men and women selling apples on street corners, and gray battalions of Arkies and Okies packed into Model A Fords heading to California.

12 1/2 million in 1932.

a quarter of the nation's families did not have a single employed wage earner.