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Kay Bradley

Surprises in the Family Tree - The New York Times - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...prises-in-the-family-tree.html

shared by Kay Bradley on 05 Oct 20 - No Cached
  • A retired oil-refinery engineer in Collegeville, Pa., Mr. Heinegg, who is white, has compiled genealogies of 900 mixed-race families who lived freely in slaveholding states in ''Free African Americans of North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia'' and ''Free African Americans of Maryland and Delaware.'' (The information is posted on a Web site, www.freeafricanamericans.com.)
  • Mr. Heinegg's research offers evidence that most free African-American and biracial families resulted not from a master and his slave, like Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings, but from a white woman and an African man: slave, freed slave or indentured servant.
  • Since there was not a clear distinction between slavery and servitude at the time, he said, ''biracial camaraderie'' often resulted in children. The idea that blacks were property did not harden until around 1715 with the rise of the tobacco economy, by which time there was a small but growing population of free families of color. Dr. Boles estimated that by 1860 there were 250,000 free black or mixed-race individuals.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • It is incontrovertible that America is a multiracial society, from the founding father Alexander Hamilton (the son of a mixed-race woman from the British West Indies) to Essie Mae Washington-Williams, 78, a retired schoolteacher, who, the late Senator Strom Thurmond's family acknowledged last month, is his daughter. And for decades there have been questions about the possible mixed-race ancestry of Ida Stover, Dwight D. Eisenhower's mother.
  • One is Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, whose blood lines, according to the historian Mario de Valdes y Cocom, go back to the van Salees, a Muslim family of Afro-Dutch origin prominent in Manhattan in the early 1600's. If any branch of your family has been in America since the 17th or 18th centuries, Dr. Berlin said, ''it's highly likely you will find an African and an American Indian.''
  • he found that Mrs. Phillips and his wife, Rita, had white ancestors who were not slave masters, including a woman who started a family with John Kecatan, an African slave freed in 1666.
  • ''There were communities in 17th- and 18th-century America where blacks and whites, both free, of equal rank and shared experiences, were working together, living together, drinking and partying together, and inevitably sleeping together.''
  • An added challenge is that racial identity can mutate from free black to white in just a few generations.
  • Mr. Heinegg is familiar with racial prejudice. He and his wife, who met as members of the Brooklyn outpost of the Congress on Racial Equality, left the country in 1969, disgusted by what they saw as a lack of progress. They raised their three daughters in Tanzania, Liberia and Saudi Arabia.
  • Kay Bradley on 05 Oct 20
     
    Paul Heinegg Genealogical Research on 1200 mixed race families.
Kay Bradley

Highlander Research and Education Center - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/..._Research_and_Education_Center

highlander research education civil rights US History race

shared by Kay Bradley on 17 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 17 Mar 14
     
    Civil Rights training center
Kay Bradley

1491 - Charles C. Mann - The Atlantic - 0 views

www.theatlantic.com/...302445

shared by Kay Bradley on 16 Aug 13 - No Cached
  • It is Erickson's belief that this entire landscape—30,000 square miles of forest mounds surrounded by raised fields and linked by causeways—was constructed by a complex, populous society more than 2,000 years ago.
  • When I went to high school, in the 1970s, I was taught that Indians came to the Americas across the Bering Strait about 12,000 years ago, that they lived for the most part in small, isolated groups, and that they had so little impact on their environment that even after millennia of habitation it remained mostly wilderness.
  • In 1810 Henry Brackenridge came to Cahokia, in what is now southwest Illinois, just across the Mississippi from St. Louis. Born close to the frontier, Brackenridge was a budding adventure writer; his Views of Louisiana, published three years later, was a kind of nineteenth-century Into Thin Air,
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  • Cahokia
  • Bancroft changed his mind about Cahokia, but not about Indians. To the end of his days he regarded them as "feeble barbarians, destitute of commerce and of political connection."
  • Samuel Eliot Morison, the winner of two Pulitzer Prizes, closed his monumental European Discovery of America (1974) with the observation that Native Americans expected only "short and brutish lives, void of hope for any future."
  • 1987 American History: A Survey, a standard high school textbook by three well-known historians, described the Americas before Columbus as "empty of mankind and its works."
  • The story of Europeans in the New World, the book explained, "is the story of the creation of a civilization where none existed."
  • Alfred Crosby, a historian at the University of Texas, came to other conclusions. Crosby's The Columbian Exchange: Biological Consequences of 1492 caused almost as much of a stir when it was published, in 1972,
  • Human history, in Crosby's interpretation, is marked by two world-altering centers of invention: the Middle East and central Mexico,
  • 10,000 years ago. In the next few millennia humankind invented the wheel, the metal tool, and agriculture. The Sumerians eventually put these inventions together, added writing, and became the world's first civilization
  • But in agriculture they handily outstripped the children of Sumeria. Every tomato in Italy, every potato in Ireland, and every hot pepper in Thailand came from this hemisphere
  • Indian crops dramatically reduced hunger, Crosby says, which led to an Old World population boom.
  • Disease was hunger's constant companion. During epidemics in London the dead were heaped onto carts "like common dung" (the simile is Daniel Defoe's) and trundled through the streets.
  • Indians had ailments of their own, notably parasites, tuberculosis, and anemia
  • life-spans in America were only as long as or a little longer than those in Europe
  • Some early colonists gave the same answer. Horrifying the leaders of Jamestown and Plymouth, scores of English ran off to live with the Indians.
  • ather than domesticating animals for meat, Indians retooled whole ecosystems to grow bumper crops of elk, deer, and bison.
  • Millennia of exuberant burning shaped the plains into vast buffalo farms. When Indian societies disintegrated, forest invaded savannah in Wisconsin, Illinois, Kansas, Nebraska, and the Texas Hill Country.
  • Indeed, some anthropologists have called the Amazon forest itself a cultural artifact—that is, an artificial object.
  • This sort of phrase still provokes vehement objection—but the main dissenters are now ecologists and environmentalists.
  • Oxford University Press has just issued the third volume of a huge catalogue of the "cultivated landscapes" of the Americas
  • In recent years one of these caves, La Caverna da Pedra Pintada (Painted Rock Cave), has drawn attention in archaeological circles.
  • Amazonia says that the apparent lushness of the rain forest is a sham. The soils are poor and can't hold nutrients—
  • Green activists saw the implication: development in tropical forests destroys both the forests and their developers. Meggers's account had enormous public impact—Amazonia is one of the wellsprings of the campaign to save rain forests.
  • Moundbuilders of the Amazon (1991), was like the anti-matter version of Amazonia
  • Marajó, she argued, was "one of the outstanding indigenous cultural achievements of the New World," a powerhouse that lasted for more than a thousand years, had "possibly well over 100,000" inhabitants, and covered thousands of square miles. Rather than damaging the forest, Marajó's "earth construction" and "large, dense populations" had improved it: the most luxuriant and diverse growth was on the mounds formerly occupied by the Marajóara.
  • William Balée, the Tulane anthropologist, cautiously estimated that about 12 percent of the nonflooded Amazon forest was of anthropogenic origin—directly or indirectly created by human beings.
  • In the late 1990s Woods and others began careful measurements in the lower Amazon. They indeed found lots of inhospitable terrain.
  • But they also discovered swaths of terra preta—rich, fertile "black earth" that anthropologists increasingly believe was created by human beings.
  • Apparently," Woods and the Wisconsin geographer Joseph M. McCann argued in a presentation last summer, "at some threshold level ... dark earth attains the capacity to perpetuate—even regenerate itself—thus behaving more like a living 'super'-organism than an inert material."
  • "Betty Meggers would just die if she heard me saying this," Woods told me. "Deep down her fear is that this data will be misused."
  • All of this is described as "wilderness" in the tourist brochures. It's not, if researchers like Roosevelt are correct.
  • Within a few hundred yards the human presence seemed to vanish. I felt alone and small, but in a way that was curiously like feeling exalted. If that place was not wilderness, how should I think of it? Since the fate of the forest is in our hands, what should be our goal for its future?
  • A keystone species, according to the Harvard biologist Edward O. Wilson, is a species "that affects the survival and abundance of many other species." Keystone species have a disproportionate impact on their ecosystems. Removing them, Wilson adds, "results in a relatively significant shift in the composition of the [ecological] community."
  • In ecological terms, he says, the Indians were the "keystone species" of American ecosystems.
  • When disease swept Indians from the land, Kay says, what happened was exactly that. The ecological ancien régime collapsed, and strange new phenomena emerged
  • Throughout eastern North America the open landscape seen by the first Europeans quickly filled in with fores
  • Cronon's Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (1983) belongs on the same shelf as works by Crosby and Dobyns.
  • Crediting Indians with the role of keystone species has implications for the way the current Euro-American members of that keystone species manage the forests, watersheds, and endangered species of America. Because a third of the United States is owned by the federal government, the issue inevitably has political ramifications. In Amazonia, fabled storehouse of biodiversity, the stakes are global
  • Guided by the pristine myth, mainstream environmentalists want to preserve as much of the world's land as possible in a putatively intact state. But "intact," if the new research is correct, means "run by human beings for human purposes."
  • Kay Bradley on 16 Aug 13
     
    Article about pre-contact Americas
Kay Bradley

Pure » Portfolio Grid Wordpress template - 0 views

gt3demo.com/...portfolio-grid

shared by Kay Bradley on 15 Aug 17 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 15 Aug 17
     
    Use for US History Research project
Kay Bradley

Simplified "Focused Research" | Diigo - 0 views

blog.diigo.com/...simplified-focused-research

shared by Kay Bradley on 04 Nov 22 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 04 Nov 22
     
    Vega v. Tekoh case, just ruled, weakens the Miranda Ruling of 1966 (Ernesto Miranda)
Kay Bradley

Maps Open Source - NYPL Digital Collections - 0 views

digitalcollections.nypl.org/...index

maps US History research

shared by Kay Bradley on 25 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 25 Apr 14
     
    Mostly of new York; can be overlaid with current maps using tool described on this blog post: http://openglam.org/2014/03/31/nypl-releases-20-000-historical-maps-as-public-domain/
Alyssa Apilado

Article I (Olivia) - 19 views

Article I qUESTIONS 11,12, 14 -16, 19 11. Explain the provisions for impeachment. The Senate has the sole power to try impeachments. The President of the United States and the Chief Justic...

Constitution Article I

started by Alyssa Apilado on 11 Nov 10 no follow-up yet
Kay Bradley

US History Films--Line 'em up on Netflix and have fun! - 6 views

U.S. History Films List: a collection of suggestions from other people-I have bold faced my top ten . . . The First List is from John Nesbit, of Phoenix, AZ. http://www.epinions.com/content_19656...

US History

started by Kay Bradley on 14 Feb 11 no follow-up yet
Rory Chipman

New Deal Findings: Women - 5 views

http://www.gilderlehrman.org/historynow/03_2009/historian4.php this is a really good essay on the role of women during the great depression

started by Kay Bradley on 24 Mar 11 2 follow-ups, last by Rory Chipman on 28 Mar 11
Matt Forster

United States Events 1992-Present - 14 views

What was the Abu Grahib scandal and how did it affect Bush's presidency? (Matt)

recent events 1990s 2000s

started by Kay Bradley on 06 Sep 11 1 follow-up, last by Matt Forster on 07 Sep 11
Liam Wrubel

Stem Cell Research Stopped By President Bush - 0 views

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/19/AR2006071900524.html

US History Stem cells 2001

started by Liam Wrubel on 09 Sep 11 no follow-up yet
Kay Bradley

I've Protested for Racial Justice. Do I Have to Post on Social Media? - The New York Times - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...e-to-post-on-social-media.html

shared by Kay Bradley on 27 Aug 20 - No Cached
  • forms of moral argument that are motivated by the vanity of self-presentation
  • People engaged in moral grandstanding, they believe, will tend to “pile on,” repeating a widely shared criticism
  • “trump up,” depicting an innocent act as a major offense
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • ramp up,” making ever stronger and more polarizing claims in order to outdo the moral claims of others.
  • For Kant, it was of great importance that we not only do the right thing but do it for the right reason. The notion of virtue signaling, which was coined as a term of reproach, has precisely this Kantian valence.
  • But virtue signaling isn’t necessarily a vice. Let’s grant that it can have unfortunate aspects
  • When it comes to uncontested moral values, we can prize the unadvertised, anonymous good deed.
  • Yet the moral revolutions I’ve researched involve what political scientists have called “norm cascades,”
  • In moments of moral change, people shift from merely recognizing a wrong to wanting to do something about it. And what drives that shift is, in part, a sense that those who don’t contribute to change aren’t just not doing something good; they’re forfeiting their entitlement to the respect of those around them
  • In the words of another philosopher, Neil Levy: “Signaling is a central function of public moral discourse, with an important role to play in enabling cooperation.” That’s why bumper stickers and slogans posted on walls, whether digital or physical, can be meaningful.
  • The malign effects of grandstanding are real, but typically happen when an important instrument for moral progress is put in service of bad goals rather than good ones
  • “Piling on” can mean that people have collectively decided to renounce a previously tolerated evil: It mattered that a great many law-enforcement officials and even some police-union representatives piled on against the callous killing of George Floyd
  • and the social dimension of position-taking plays a critical role here.
  • Not participating becomes dishonorable.
  • To move a majority of people to live and act in new ways, you have to get them to feel that
  • doing the right thing is now required for social respect
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