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Kay Bradley

United States Senate elections, 2020 - Ballotpedia - 0 views

ballotpedia.org/_States_Senate_elections,_2020

shared by Kay Bradley on 11 Oct 20 - No Cached
  • Ballotpedia defined wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in the last 100 years resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party. U.S. Senate waves from 1918 to 2016 are listed in the table below.
  • Battleground elections
  • Ballotpedia has identified 16 races as general election battlegrounds. Of the 16 seats, four have Democratic incumbents and 12 have Republican incumbents heading into the election.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • These battleground seats were selected by examining the results of the 2016 presidential election in the state, whether the incumbent was seeking re-election, and whether the incumbent was serving his or her first term in the Senate.
  • Information on states held by a party opposite the winning 2016 presidential candidate A list of race ratings Information on historical wave elections Contents [hide]  1 Partisan breakdown 2 Seats up for election 3 Battleground elections 3.1 Seats that changed party hands in 2014 4 Outside ratings 5 Fundraising by candidate 6 Fundraising by party 6.1 Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee 6.2 National Republican Senatorial Committee 7 Filed candidates by political party 8 Incumbents not seeking re-election in 2020 8.1 Historical comparison 9 Presidential election data 10 Special elections 10.1 Historical special election data 10.1.1 Special elections, 2013-2020 10.1.2 Special elections, 1986-2012 11 Annual Congressional Competitiveness Report, 2020 12 Congressional approval rating 13 Noteworthy events 13.1 Supreme Court vacancy, 2020 14 Important dates and deadlines 15 Ballot access requirements 16 Wave elections 17 See also 18 External links 19 Footnotes
  • Information on 2020's battleground races
  • The current and historical partisan balance of the U.S. Senate
  • South Carolina Lindsey Graham
  • Arizona Martha McSally
  • Colorado Cory Gardner
  • Alabama Doug Jones
  • Georgia David Perdue
  • Maine Susan Collins
  • Kay Bradley on 11 Oct 20
     
    Wave Elections, 1918-2016
Kay Bradley

Freedmen's Bureau - Black History - HISTORY.com - 0 views

www.history.com/...print

shared by Kay Bradley on 13 Jan 16 - No Cached
  • March 3, 1865, two months before Confederate General Robert Lee (1807-70) surrendered t
  • Intended as a temporary agency to last the duration of the war and one year afterward
  • majority of its original employees were Civil War soldiers.
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  • Did You Know? Howard University, a historically all-black school in Washington, D.C., was established in 1867 and named for Oliver Howard, one of its founders and the head of the Freedmen’s Bureau. He served as the university's president from 1869 to 1874.
  • There was no tradition of government responsibility for a huge refugee population and no bureaucracy to administer a large welfare, employment and land reform program
  • 4 million newly freed blacks
  • When Congress introduced a bill in February 1866 to extend the bureau’s tenure and give it new legal powers, Johnson vetoed the proposed legislation on the grounds that it interfered with states’ rights, gave preference to one group of citizens over another and would impose a huge financial burden on the federal government, among other issues.
  • as well as removing bureau employees he thought were too sympathetic to blacks
  • Johnson’s actions, which included pardoning many former Confederates and restoring their land,
  • there was disagreement over what type of assistance the government should provide and for how long.
  • covering the 11 former rebel states, the border states of Maryland, Kentucky and West Virginia and Washington, D.C. Each district was headed by an assistant commissioner.
  • achievements varied
  • the bureau was underfunded and understaffed,
  • Bureau agents, who acted essentially as social workers
  • were subjected to ridicule and violence
  • Ku Klux Klan) who viewed the agents as interfering in local affairs by trying to assist blacks
  • fed millions of people,
  • ust 900 agents at its peak.
  • built hospitals
  • medical aid,
  • negotiated labor contracts for ex-slaves
  • settled labor disputes.
  • helped former slaves legalize marriages
  • locate lost relatives
  • assisted black veterans.
  • building thousands of schools for blacks
  • found such colleges as Howard University in Washington, D.C
  • Fisk University in Nashville
  • Hampton University
  • the bureau tried, with little success, to promote land redistribution.
  • most of the confiscated or abandoned Confederate land was eventually restored to the original owners
  • dismantled the Freedmen’s Bureau
  • summer of 1872,
  • for a time
  • the Bureau’s physical presence in the South made palpable to many citizens the abstract principles of equal access to the law and free labor.”
  • the bureau’s efforts did signal the introduction of the federal government into issues of social welfare and labor relations
  • the bureau was not able to carry out all of its initiatives, and it failed to provide long-term protection for blacks or ensure any real measure of racial equality.
  • The U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands
Kay Bradley

What Is Obstruction of Justice? An Often Murky Crime, Explained - The New York Times - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...ined-russia-investigation.html

shared by Kay Bradley on 17 May 17 - No Cached
  • national security adviser, Michael T. Flynn,
  • he was thinking about the F.B.I.’s investigation into contacts between his campaign associates and Russia, which he has derided as fake news, when he did so.
  • After a report that Mr. Trump had asked Mr. Comey whether he was loyal to him, the president
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  • better hope that there are no ‘tapes’ of our conversations.”
  • “The president has never asked Mr. Comey or anyone else to end any investigation, including any investigation involving General Flynn.”
  • Several federal statutes criminalize actions that impede official investigations.
  • the law also includes broad, catchall prohibitions. For example, Sections 1503, 1505 and 1512 of Title 18 have variants of language making it a crime if someone corruptly “obstructs, influences or impedes any official proceeding.”
  • Could that cover asking the F.B.I. director to drop part of an investigation, and later firing him?
  • In theory, yes.
  • the power relationship
  • Did Trump have lawful authority to fire Comey?
  • But courts have ruled that otherwise lawful acts can constitute obstruction of justice if done with corrupt
  • example
  • intentions
  • ad filed legal complaints and related motions against a government agent who was investigating an illegal gambling operation
  • What would such a case entail, in theory?
  • prove defendants’ mental state
  • chieving that obstruction has to have been the specific intention.
  • Samuel Buell,
  • But he said on Tuesday that subsequent revelations have made the evidence much more robust.
  • “The evidence of improper purpose has gotten much stronger since the day of Comey’s firing,”
  • What impediments would there be to charging Mr. Trump?
  • it was not realistic to expect the Trump administration’s Justice Department to charge the sitting president.
  • to appoint a special counsel to handle it.
  • What about impeachment?
  • Bill Clinton in 1998 and Richard M. Nixon in 1974 — were accused of obstruction of justice.
Kay Bradley

http://www.edtrust.org/sites/edtrust.org/files/California_3.pdf - 0 views

www.edtrust.org/...California_3.pdf

poverty education colleges success data

shared by Kay Bradley on 09 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 09 Feb 15
     
    Data on test performance and graduation rates by state, focus on California
Kay Bradley

Status of the Nuclear Reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant - Interactive Featu... - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...reactors-status.html

shared by Kay Bradley on 19 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 19 Mar 11
     
    Before and after quake photos for each reactor; data on amount of fuel in reactors and spent fuel in cooling pools; daily updates on how stabilization is proceeding.
Kay Bradley

Thirteen Colonies Population - 0 views

worldpopulationreview.com/...thirteen-colonies

shared by Kay Bradley on 14 Oct 21 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 14 Oct 21
     
    data!
Kay Bradley

Puritan New England: Massachusetts Bay (article) | Khan Academy - 0 views

www.khanacademy.org/...-new-england-massachusetts-bay

shared by Kay Bradley on 01 Oct 20 - No Cached
  • The second wave of English Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the New Haven Colony, and Rhode Island
  • These Puritans, unlike the Separatists, hoped to serve as a "city upon a hill" that would bring about the reform of Protestantism throughout the English Empire.
  • Unlike the exodus of young men to the Chesapeake colonies, these migrants were families with young children and their university-trained ministers.
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  • John Winthrop, the first governor of Massachusetts Bay
  • reformed Protestantism, a “city upon a hill,”
  • Mary Rowlandson was a Puritan woman whom Native American tribes captured and imprisoned for several weeks during King Philip’s War. After her release, she wrote The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, which was published in 1682. The book was an immediate sensation that was reissued in multiple editions for over a century."But now, the next morning, I must turn my back upon the town, and travel with th
  • Kay Bradley on 01 Oct 20
     
    Key points
Kay Bradley

1491 - Charles C. Mann - The Atlantic - 0 views

www.theatlantic.com/...302445

shared by Kay Bradley on 16 Aug 13 - No Cached
  • It is Erickson's belief that this entire landscape—30,000 square miles of forest mounds surrounded by raised fields and linked by causeways—was constructed by a complex, populous society more than 2,000 years ago.
  • When I went to high school, in the 1970s, I was taught that Indians came to the Americas across the Bering Strait about 12,000 years ago, that they lived for the most part in small, isolated groups, and that they had so little impact on their environment that even after millennia of habitation it remained mostly wilderness.
  • In 1810 Henry Brackenridge came to Cahokia, in what is now southwest Illinois, just across the Mississippi from St. Louis. Born close to the frontier, Brackenridge was a budding adventure writer; his Views of Louisiana, published three years later, was a kind of nineteenth-century Into Thin Air,
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  • Cahokia
  • Bancroft changed his mind about Cahokia, but not about Indians. To the end of his days he regarded them as "feeble barbarians, destitute of commerce and of political connection."
  • Samuel Eliot Morison, the winner of two Pulitzer Prizes, closed his monumental European Discovery of America (1974) with the observation that Native Americans expected only "short and brutish lives, void of hope for any future."
  • 1987 American History: A Survey, a standard high school textbook by three well-known historians, described the Americas before Columbus as "empty of mankind and its works."
  • The story of Europeans in the New World, the book explained, "is the story of the creation of a civilization where none existed."
  • Alfred Crosby, a historian at the University of Texas, came to other conclusions. Crosby's The Columbian Exchange: Biological Consequences of 1492 caused almost as much of a stir when it was published, in 1972,
  • Human history, in Crosby's interpretation, is marked by two world-altering centers of invention: the Middle East and central Mexico,
  • 10,000 years ago. In the next few millennia humankind invented the wheel, the metal tool, and agriculture. The Sumerians eventually put these inventions together, added writing, and became the world's first civilization
  • But in agriculture they handily outstripped the children of Sumeria. Every tomato in Italy, every potato in Ireland, and every hot pepper in Thailand came from this hemisphere
  • Indian crops dramatically reduced hunger, Crosby says, which led to an Old World population boom.
  • Disease was hunger's constant companion. During epidemics in London the dead were heaped onto carts "like common dung" (the simile is Daniel Defoe's) and trundled through the streets.
  • Indians had ailments of their own, notably parasites, tuberculosis, and anemia
  • life-spans in America were only as long as or a little longer than those in Europe
  • Some early colonists gave the same answer. Horrifying the leaders of Jamestown and Plymouth, scores of English ran off to live with the Indians.
  • ather than domesticating animals for meat, Indians retooled whole ecosystems to grow bumper crops of elk, deer, and bison.
  • Millennia of exuberant burning shaped the plains into vast buffalo farms. When Indian societies disintegrated, forest invaded savannah in Wisconsin, Illinois, Kansas, Nebraska, and the Texas Hill Country.
  • Indeed, some anthropologists have called the Amazon forest itself a cultural artifact—that is, an artificial object.
  • This sort of phrase still provokes vehement objection—but the main dissenters are now ecologists and environmentalists.
  • Oxford University Press has just issued the third volume of a huge catalogue of the "cultivated landscapes" of the Americas
  • In recent years one of these caves, La Caverna da Pedra Pintada (Painted Rock Cave), has drawn attention in archaeological circles.
  • Amazonia says that the apparent lushness of the rain forest is a sham. The soils are poor and can't hold nutrients—
  • Green activists saw the implication: development in tropical forests destroys both the forests and their developers. Meggers's account had enormous public impact—Amazonia is one of the wellsprings of the campaign to save rain forests.
  • Moundbuilders of the Amazon (1991), was like the anti-matter version of Amazonia
  • Marajó, she argued, was "one of the outstanding indigenous cultural achievements of the New World," a powerhouse that lasted for more than a thousand years, had "possibly well over 100,000" inhabitants, and covered thousands of square miles. Rather than damaging the forest, Marajó's "earth construction" and "large, dense populations" had improved it: the most luxuriant and diverse growth was on the mounds formerly occupied by the Marajóara.
  • William Balée, the Tulane anthropologist, cautiously estimated that about 12 percent of the nonflooded Amazon forest was of anthropogenic origin—directly or indirectly created by human beings.
  • In the late 1990s Woods and others began careful measurements in the lower Amazon. They indeed found lots of inhospitable terrain.
  • But they also discovered swaths of terra preta—rich, fertile "black earth" that anthropologists increasingly believe was created by human beings.
  • Apparently," Woods and the Wisconsin geographer Joseph M. McCann argued in a presentation last summer, "at some threshold level ... dark earth attains the capacity to perpetuate—even regenerate itself—thus behaving more like a living 'super'-organism than an inert material."
  • "Betty Meggers would just die if she heard me saying this," Woods told me. "Deep down her fear is that this data will be misused."
  • All of this is described as "wilderness" in the tourist brochures. It's not, if researchers like Roosevelt are correct.
  • Within a few hundred yards the human presence seemed to vanish. I felt alone and small, but in a way that was curiously like feeling exalted. If that place was not wilderness, how should I think of it? Since the fate of the forest is in our hands, what should be our goal for its future?
  • A keystone species, according to the Harvard biologist Edward O. Wilson, is a species "that affects the survival and abundance of many other species." Keystone species have a disproportionate impact on their ecosystems. Removing them, Wilson adds, "results in a relatively significant shift in the composition of the [ecological] community."
  • In ecological terms, he says, the Indians were the "keystone species" of American ecosystems.
  • When disease swept Indians from the land, Kay says, what happened was exactly that. The ecological ancien régime collapsed, and strange new phenomena emerged
  • Throughout eastern North America the open landscape seen by the first Europeans quickly filled in with fores
  • Cronon's Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (1983) belongs on the same shelf as works by Crosby and Dobyns.
  • Crediting Indians with the role of keystone species has implications for the way the current Euro-American members of that keystone species manage the forests, watersheds, and endangered species of America. Because a third of the United States is owned by the federal government, the issue inevitably has political ramifications. In Amazonia, fabled storehouse of biodiversity, the stakes are global
  • Guided by the pristine myth, mainstream environmentalists want to preserve as much of the world's land as possible in a putatively intact state. But "intact," if the new research is correct, means "run by human beings for human purposes."
  • Kay Bradley on 16 Aug 13
     
    Article about pre-contact Americas
Kristi Hong

Economical and Educational Outlook for American Indians - 2 views

www.bismarcktribune.com/...08-11df-bf21-001cc4c03286.html

US History American Indians

shared by Kristi Hong on 12 Sep 10 - No Cached
  • Kristi Hong on 12 Sep 10
     
    In North Dakota, 55 percent of American Indian students graduated in 2009, according to state data. In the class of 2007, 16 of Fargo's 29 American Indian students dropped out, and 13 graduated. Students fall behind because it is hard for families to have transportation or access the school from reservations and their homes. (Kelly Smith, N.D. woman says education for American Indians important, The Bismarck Tribune, Sunday, May 23, 2010)
Kay Bradley

FindLaw: U.S. Constitution: Article III - 0 views

caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/...article03

shared by Kay Bradley on 17 Nov 10 - Cached
  • shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.
  • The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury
  • Kay Bradley on 17 Nov 10
     
    Judicial Branch
Eleni Papaiacovou-Lane

The Role of Religion in Politics - 0 views

firstread.msnbc.msn.com/...e-role-of-religion-in-politics

democrat republican religion politics data election voting

shared by Eleni Papaiacovou-Lane on 09 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • Eleni Papaiacovou-Lane on 09 Sep 11
     
    democrats Vs. republicans
Kay Bradley

In Rural Alabama, a Longtime Mistrust of Medicine Fuels a Tuberculosis Outbreak - The N... - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...s-a-tuberculosis-outbreak.html

civil rights US History race economics

shared by Kay Bradley on 19 Jan 16 - No Cached
  • Marion is in the throes of a tuberculosis outbreak so severe that it has posted an incidence rate about 100 times greater than the state’s and worse than in many developing countries.
  • Residents, local officials and medical experts said the struggle against the outbreak could be traced to generations of limited health care access, endemic poverty and mistrust — problems that are common across the rural South.
  • There’s not support for local medical care, so when something like this happens, you have a health delivery system that’s unprepared.”
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  • In Marion, a city of fewer than 3,600 people, the toll of the slow-growing bacteria, commonly referred to as TB, has been staggering. Since January 2014, active tuberculosis has been diagnosed in 20 people, nearly all of them black; three have died. (Six people who live in other cities in Alabama have also received diagnoses of active tuberculosis and have been linked to the outbreak here.)
  • Others suggested that the history of medicine in Alabama, including the notorious medical experimentation in Tuskegee, was hampering efforts to contain tuberculosis.
  • n 1932, the United States Public Health Service began a study of untreated syphilis that involved 600 black men in Macon County, Ala., which includes Tuskegee.
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