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olwethusilindile

zulu kingdom.pdf - 1 views

    • olwethusilindile
       
      HE WAS JEALOUS INDED , JUST BECAUSE OF BEING HANDSOME AND BE CONSTANTLY ON CHURCH THAT WAS SO SELFISH AND UNFAIR
    • olwethusilindile
       
      the place that the letter was wrote on
    • olwethusilindile
       
      unbelievable
  • ...9 more annotations...
    • olwethusilindile
       
      the topic of the article
    • olwethusilindile
       
      the reason why thousands of Zulu people were at Kwamagwaza
    • olwethusilindile
       
      another place in Zululand
    • olwethusilindile
       
      why the king want people to kill each other
    • olwethusilindile
       
      Impi is a Nguni word meaning war or combat and by association any body of men gathered for war, for example impi ya masosha is a term denoting an army.
    • olwethusilindile
       
      the time and the place on another location but at Zululand
    • olwethusilindile
       
      hi=8hgg
    • olwethusilindile
       
      o unsaddle (a horse), normally to give the animal a rest.
    • olwethusilindile
       
      this was unnecessary
olwethusilindile

Zulu war ( newpaper 2.pdf - 2 views

    • olwethusilindile
       
      where the fight took place
    • olwethusilindile
       
      this is not true i've never heard in my life that the Zulus once in their lifetime were defeated by anyone!
    • olwethusilindile
       
      to become weaker
  • ...3 more annotations...
    • olwethusilindile
       
      based on the newspaper, the Zulu war was caused by the cattle'. unbelievable
    • olwethusilindile
       
      the place that the meeting took place on
    • olwethusilindile
       
      the topic
tshehla222227980

Blog Article: The History of Slavery in Zanzibar. - 1 views

  • But do you know that the slave market in Zanzibar island was the last legally operating slave market in the world?
    • tshehla222227980
       
      This is the main thesis of the entire data collection. "The slave trade center in Zanzibar".
  • Because of its specific position in the Indian Ocean, the history of Zanzibar was very turbulent.
    • tshehla222227980
       
      Very turbulent in a manner that a lot of activities occurred due to the coastal region that encouraged harbors which were essential particularly during slave trading.
  • Zanzibar was a part of the Portuguese Empire for almost two centuries.
    • tshehla222227980
       
      Portuguese traded slaves also forcefully while exploiting Zanzibar as it had zero power over Portugal because when Portugal arrived in Zanzibar, they established their dominance and held all the power over the island
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Together with the ivory, clove and spice trade, the slave trade was very important for the economy. Zanzibar had a central role in trade routes into the interior of Africa. And the new city on the Swahili coast was born: Zanzibar city or Stone Town.
    • tshehla222227980
       
      This is generally my argument. Although they were also trading ivory, clove and spice trade, i feel like they just used the other raw materials to tone down the shame of being rich through this inhumane act of enslavement. I am arguing this because slavery was generally profiting them more than all the other products combined, so they could have dropped them and focused only on slavery but they just kept them in the picture so that there is good in the worst they did to native Africans
  • The late 18th and early 19th centuries was a period of rapid expansion of the slave trade
    • tshehla222227980
       
      What impact did this have at Zanzibar? -This increased their gross domestic product. -Commercially, slavery/ slave trade markets yielded the region [Zanzibar] more profit.
  • Unguja (Zanzibar) was a perfect place and port for traders voyaging between the African Great Lakes, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Indian southern region.
    • tshehla222227980
       
      Briefly, the reason Zanzibar was the perfect place and port was because it was located in a geographical area where boats may access it for exports such as slaves which consequently increased Zanzibar's wealth due to being the trade focus of the region.
  • The streets in Zanzibar were full of slaves, accounting for more than two-thirds of the population. People were taken from a vast area, extending south of Lake Nyasa (now Malawi), west of Lake Tanganyika (now DR Congo), and north of Lake Victoria (now Uganda), to the Stone Town open slave markets. Today, this area includes countries such as Uganda, Kenya, Burundi, Ruanda, Nigeria, Zambia, Tanzania, and  Mozambique. However, people from Zanzibar were free and not slaves.
    • tshehla222227980
       
      Also, i feel like the people from Zanzibar were at the mercy of the traders because the trade market was in their region hence they were not the first priority of enslavement. This is just an arguable point, someone might say otherwise.
  • Many of them did not survive the journey to Zanzibar island.
    • tshehla222227980
       
      It may be assumes that a majority of them did not survive the journey because of the traumatic experience that their body could not absorb all at once.
  • Many of them also had armed guards
    • tshehla222227980
       
      Harsh measures were implemented to force the natives into slavery. They had to be suppressed under traumatic experiences such as usage of guns to force them to journey to the Zanzibar market where they would be traded like they were property.,
  • They travelled for days, sometimes for weeks, with minimum food and water. Some people died of exhaustion, disease or malnourishment.
    • tshehla222227980
       
      These are some, if not the least, challenges that the slaves had to endure during the journey to the slave market. Having to endure the extreme temperatures also.
  • The captives were from different cultures and language groups, and usually, the whole families were taken to slavery. Some of them were skilled craftsmen and women, musicians, ironworkers, and farmers. They lived in settled communities and engaged in hunting, fishing, and gathering firewood.  
    • tshehla222227980
       
      This is really an important point, this exudes that they people were being exploited. Their skills, hard labor was taken without they concern. Forcefully migrating them to foreign countries were they are forced into hard labor without being paid. Therefore, it may be said that the Zanzibar market costed the Eastern Africa its skills and labor that could have being used to develop that portion of Africa.
  • After captives arrived in Zanzibar, the slave traders imprisoned them in underground chambers. It was a test. If they lived for more than three days, they would be sold on the market at Mkunazini, in Stone Town.
    • tshehla222227980
       
      Not only was their journey tough, however, extreme measures such as those mentioned in the article were put forth to test the natives' survival. This are some of the painful experiences that reading about slavery unfolds.
  • The slaves were stripped completely naked and cleaned
    • tshehla222227980
       
      This suggest that their dignity was stripped of and their originality was washed away so they they may be sold as slaves. This to me means more that just stripping them naked and being washed away, it was so much symbolic that literal.
  • But there is something more. The slaves were tied to a tree and whipped with stinging branches. It was a demonstration of their strength. Those who didn’t cry or scream during the whipping got a higher price at the market. Terrible isn’t it…?
    • tshehla222227980
       
      I am actually sad that I got to read this, but personally, I feel like my skin is a map that illustrates were I come from as a descendant of the slaves who were traded. This is a very emotional and a traumatic experience.
gudanirangata26

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1798383.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Adbdb959b08be302b32a80... - 1 views

    • gudanirangata26
       
      A Scottish geologist who served as a general director of the British Geological Survey from 1855 until the time of his death (1871). and a former army member.
  •  
    This article by David Livingstone gives us an explorative perspective of Africa by even stating the precise geographical coordinates of the places Livington has been to. Moreover, it is during this exploration that Livingstone got to observe the African men`s greatest desire: approval and validation from the white man. This subtly shows that colonization still had its ground given that people like Chief Kawawa remain in position. This is as he even wanted items from the white man as compensation. Thus showing that he would do almost anything (even selling his own people0 for the sake of gaining recognition, validation and trust from the white man (Livingstone).
olwethusilindile

zulu and their langauge.pdf - 1 views

  • THE ZULU AND OTHER DIALECTS,
  • IN the following article, I propose to communicate such facts concerning the languages or dialects of this part of Africa, as I have been able to ascertain, either by my own study and observation, or from the works of others more learned and experienced on the subject than myself
  • I shall, in the first place, endeavor to present some of the more important characteristics and principles of the Zulu dialect, which is the language of the natives in the colony of Natal, and of the Amazulu, to the north-east of this colony; and shall afterwards speak of the dialects of Southern Africa, generally.
    • olwethusilindile
       
      Zulu dialect, Amazulu, and Southern African dialects discussed.
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • ON THE ZULU DIALECT.
  • ON THE ZULU DIALECT
  • The elementary sounds of the Zulu are twenty-six in number, which we represent by the letters of the English alphabet: a, b, c, d, e,
    • olwethusilindile
       
      !!!!
  • They are divided into vowels, consonants, and clicks. The vowels are five in number, viz: a as in father; e as a in name; i as ee in meet; o as in pole; and u as oo in pool. The consonants are nearly the same as in English, except that g is always hard, as in give, and r is a guttural; g and j sometimes become nasalized by the sound of n put before them, as gi or ngi, je or nje; and by some tribes y is substituted for 1, as sila or siya, to grind; p and b are interchangeable, as ibetya or ipetya.
    • olwethusilindile
       
      Vowels are five, consonants are similar to English, and clicks are interchangeable. Vowels are hard, consonants are nasalized, and clicks are interchangeable.
  • Syllabification.
    • olwethusilindile
       
      It is the division of words into syllables, either in speech or in writing
  • Syllabification
  • Euphony
    • olwethusilindile
       
      pleasing or sweet sound; especially : the acoustic effect produced by words so formed or combined as to please the ear
  • Euphony
  • The euphonic or alliteral concord causes the initial element of the noun, a letter, a syllable, or syllables, to re-appear as the initial element of the adjective agreeing with the noun; requires the pronoun to assume a form corresponding to the initial of the noun for which it stands; and detaches the important part of the initial of the governing noun, to assist in forming a bond of connection with and control over the noun, or pronoun, governed in the genitive. This often causes the repetition of the same letter or letters at the beginning of several words, and points out all the various modifications and limitations of the subject or the object in a sentence; alike promoting in a high degree a soft, fluent, and harmonious enunciation, and imparting distinctness, precision, and force to the expression of ideas. Take, for example, izimvu zami zi ya li zua ilizui lami, literally, (the) sheep of me they do it hear (the) voice of me, i. e. my sheep hear my voice. Here the euphonic letter z in zami, and the pronoun zi, point directly to the initial izim of the noun izimvu; while the pronoun li, and the euphonic letter I in lami, point to the initial
    • olwethusilindile
       
      summary The euphonic or literal concord causes the initial element of the noun to re-appear as the initial element of the adjective agreeing with it, and requires the pronoun to assume a form corresponding to the initial of the noun for which it stands. This helps to promote a soft, fluent, and harmonious enunciation and impart distinctness, precision, and force to the expression of ideas.
  • Accentuation.
    • olwethusilindile
       
      the act of emphasizing a particular feature of something or making something more noticeable, or an instance of this
  • Nouns.
  • This dialect is rich in nouns denoting different objects of the same genus, according to some variety of color, redundancy or deficiency of members, or some other peculiarity; thus, one noun signifies "a cow," another "a red cow," another "a brown cow," another "a white cow," another "a barren cow," etc. Abstract nouns are generally derived from adjectives by prefixing ubu, as: kulu, great; ubukulu, greatness. Proper names are taken from some object or incident in common life, thus: Untaba comes from intaba, a mountain; Ubalekile signifies "she has run away." There are very few nouns expressing the abstractions of mind, or spiritual things. Every noun consists of two parts: the initial, and the radical. The initial, whether a single letter or a syllable, is that part of the noun, which, in a modified form, re-appears in the beginning of all adjectives agreeing with it; from which also its pronoun is derived; and by which the number, class, and condition of the noun are determined. The rest of the noun is called the radical, or root. For example: um is the initial, andfazi the root, of the noun urnfazi, a woman; in the initial, and to the root, of the noun into, a thing. This initial element has sometimes been called a prefix. It is not, however, a prefix, but an essential part of the noun, without which the noun is not a noun, is not complete, and has no signification. The initial of a noun, in impressing its image upon an adjective, and in undergoing various inflections to assist in indicating the number and condition of the noun, bears a strong resemblance to the terminations of a noun in Latin and Greek. The initial elements and euphonic letters of the several classes are as follows:
    • olwethusilindile
       
      summary This dialect is rich in nouns denoting different objects of the same genus. Abstract nouns are derived from adjectives by prefixing ubu, and proper names are taken from common life. Nouns consist of two parts: the initial and the radical. The initial element is an essential part of the noun, and is re-appears in the beginning of all adjectives agreeing with it.
  • The negative idea is affixed to verbs chiefly by means of the particles a and nga, thus: (1) a is inserted before the pronoun nominative, or nga before the verb, in all the modes and tenses, a, as the final vowel of a root, being changed into i in the indicative present and the imperative, and into i or e in the potential present, past, and future; (2) nga is appended to the verb in the indicative past; (3) nge is often used for nga in the potential; (4) the auxiliary ya, or za, is always omitted in the negative form of the indicative present. See the paradigm,
    • olwethusilindile
       
      The particles a and nga are primarily used to add the negative idea to verbs, as shown below: (1) an is inserted before the pronoun nominative, or nga before the verb, in all the modes and tenses, with a, as the final vowel of a root, being changed into i in the indicative present and the imperative, and into i or ein in the potential present, past, and future; (2) nga is appended to the verb in the consider the paradigm
  • Prepositions.
    • olwethusilindile
       
      a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in 'the man on the platform', 'she arrived after dinner', 'what did you do it for ?'
  • manme! mamo! Derivation of Wo
  • I have thus endeavored to present some of the leading features of the Zulu dialect, as fully as time would allow; and so to do it, that a comparison between this and any other languages of the Continent, of which a similar account should be given, might be intelligibly instituted. I shall next condense such information as I have been able to obtain either here, or at Cape Town, respecting the dialects of Southern Africa gener
    • olwethusilindile
       
      the Zulu dialect is compared to other languages of the Continent, and the dialects of Southern Africa are discussed.
  • II. CLASSIFICATION OF DIALECTS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA.
  • the Alliterative
  • ul. Its most remarkable and distinguishing feature is its alliteration, or euphonic concord, which is a peculiar assimilation of initial sounds, produced by prefixing the same letter, or letters, to several words in the same proposition, related to, or connected with one another. This principle has been already briefly presented in my remarks upon the Zulu dialect, where it is found in one of its most perfect for
  • e Zulu dialect is spoken by the natives in Natal colony; b
  • o tribes from which the names of the dialects are taken. The Zulu being the farthest removed from foreign tongues, especially the Hottentot, is comparatively free of clicks and words of foreign extraction, in both which the Kafir abounds.
  • north-west of the Amazulu, and extending nearly to Delagoa bay. The language of the Amaswazi has been reckoned as of the Fingo branch, though in many of its features it rather resembles the Zulu dialect. Indeed, all the dialects of the Fingo branch seem to approximate nearer to the Zulu than to the Kafir, in every respect, with the exception of consonantal changes, which are its peculiar feature.
  • oman umfazi masari masari. 3. The Damara family includes the dialects spoken by the Damara tribes which dwell on the western coast of Africa, between Benguela and Namaqualand, or from about 17? to 23? of South Latitude, and from the coast to about 19? of East Longitulde. The Damaras are divided into two branches, called the Hill Damaras, and the Cattle Damaras or Damaras of the Plain. The dialect of the Hill Damaras, who live immediately to the north and north-east of Namaqualand, is the same as that of the Namaquas, and is therefore included in the Click Class of African tongues. But the dialect of the Damaras of the Plain, who dwell beyond the Hill Damaras, is evidently cognate with the Sechuana and Zulu families. This affinity was first noticed by Rev. Mr. Archbell, for a time a missionary among the Bechuanas, and the author of a Sechuana grammar, who made the Damaras two visits, one by way of Walwich bay, and the other by way of Namaqualand; and his opinion has since been confirmed by
    • olwethusilindile
       
      The Damara family includes the dialects spoken by the Damara tribes on the western coast of Africa, divided into two branches: the Hill Damaras and the Cattle Damaras. The Hill Damaras dialect is the same as the Namaquas, while the Damaras of the Plain dialect is cognate with the Sechuana and Zulu families.
  • The language of the Koniunkues is soft and musica
  • The foregoing is the amount of the most authentic and recent information which I have been able to obtain, here and in Cape colony, respecting the languages of those numerous aboriginal tribes of Africa which dwell south of Jebel elKumr, or the Mountains of the Moon. I have already drawn out the subject to such an extent that I will say nothing of their probable orig
    • olwethusilindile
       
      The most important idea is that the languages of the various African tribes are authentic and recent.
olwethusilindile

zulu Origins.pdf - 1 views

  • Origins of the Zulu Kingdom
  • James Gump*
    • olwethusilindile
       
      is the author of this journal article
  • the Xhosa u
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • 1820s and 1830s is described
    • olwethusilindile
       
      most important event took place
  • on. John D. Omer-Cooper, in Zulu After math: A Nineteenth Century Revolution in Bantu Africa argues that the "wars and migrations of the Mfecane were the by products of a socio-political revolution towards larger communi ties and wider loyaltie
    • olwethusilindile
       
      why the author only mention wars and migration? What about hunger?
  • Omer-Cooper's Zulu Aftermath serves as a useful point of departure for an examination of the origins of the Zulu kingdom.
    • olwethusilindile
       
      why only the Omer- Cooper's Zulu Aftermath ?
  • survived into modern times."3 Omer-Cooper includes among the mfecane's progeny the Basuto kingdom on the highveld forged during the difaqane and surviving to reach independence as Lesotho; the Swazi kingdom of the Dhlamini-Ngwane, founded in the 1840s and the basis for Swaziland; the Ngoni kingdoms in Malawi, Zambia and Tanzania; the Kololo kingdom on the upper Zambesi river; and the Ndebele kingdom, settling eventually in southern Zimbabwe
  • a. The battles and famines of the 1820s and 1830s are but a part of the history of Nguni state for
  • Zulu Kingdom
  • The Historian
  • The conventional emphasis on great men and the military institutions they orchestrated embraces at least two methodologi cal deficiencies. First, it is ahistorical—if one views the formation of the Zulu kingdom as a revolutionary outburst among the northern Nguni one may overlook subtle evolutionary processes of socioeconomic change; and second, it is myopic—the tendency to study Zulu state formation as a phase of military history betrays a cultural or ideological dimension that reveals a great deal about the "essence" of the Zulu kingdo
    • olwethusilindile
       
      summarized The conventional focus on great men and military institutions is ahistorical and myopic, overlooking subtle socioeconomic change and cultural/ideological dimensions of the Zulu kingdom.
  • Although Omer-Cooper does not view these societies this way, he perpetuates the bias by emphasizing the military "essence" of the Zulu kingdo
  • . He replaced this brief period of ritual seclusion with long term military service to the chiefdom and grouped these former circumcision sets on the criterion of similar age rather than the traditional territorial principle. With these redesigned age-sets, or amabutho, Dingiswayo forged a confederacy from among his Nguni neighb
  • Although the Zulu was one of the least significant of the chiefdoms absorbed during the course of Mthethwa expansion, its status changed markedly when Shaka usurped the Zulu chieftainship from his brother in 1816
  • In 1959, anthropologist Monica Wilson initiated a second line of investigation by suggesting that scholars examine the role of long-distance trade as a factor in Zulu state formation. As evidence, she cites the statement of Henry Frances Fynn, an early Natalian trader, that Dingiswayo initiated trade with the northern part of Delagoa Bay as one of his first acts as Mthethwa chieftain.15 Alan Smith, drawing upon the journals and letters of Portuguese traders and missionaries, has advanced Wilson's proposal by arguing that a flourishing trade existed at Delagoa Bay between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. The lucrative ivory trade with Europe during this period intensified in the second half of the eighteenth century and Smith demonstrates that a significant share of trade originated in Natal. Numerous accounts corroborate this view and indicate that trade routes extended as far south as the eastern Cape fro
    • olwethusilindile
       
      summary Long-distance trade was a major factor in Zulu state formation, as evidenced by Henry Frances Fynn's statement that Dingiswayo initiated trade with the northern part of Delagoa Bay. Alan Smith argued that a flourishing trade existed at Delagoa Bay between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries.
    • olwethusilindile
       
      were the (regiments ) defended against raiders provided protection for refugees
  • f ivory. During the course of the Mabudu-Tembe struggle two major Nguni chiefdoms, the Dhlamini-Ngwane and Ndwandwe, moved southwestward into northern Zulul
  • Two other studies advance the hypothesis that trade was a major elemënt in the rise of the Zulu kingdom. Henry Slater argues that the effect of mercantile capital (i.e., the European demand for ivory at Delagoa Bay) placed unbearable tensions on a feudal social structure. The ensuing conflict over control of the means of production for the market transformed a feudal mode of production into an absolutist one.18 David W. Hedges argues that control of the ivory trade along the coastal lowlands between Delagoa Bay and northern Natal played an important role in Nguni state formation during the latter half of the eighteenth century. The conflict that ensued by the early nineteenth century did not result from an increase in ivory exports, as Smith suggests, but according to Hedges, from a change in the nature of the trade at Delagoa Bay. Hedges argues that the number of ships at Delagoa Bay decreased, and the export of cattle, a valuable commodity in Zululand, replaced that of
    • olwethusilindile
       
      summary Trade was a major factor in the rise of the Zulu kingdom, with Henry Slater arguing that mercantile capital placed tensions on feudal social structures and David W. Hedges arguing that control of the ivory trade along the coastal lowlands played an important role in Nguni state formation.
  • socio-political change should be challenged for two reasons. First, the most substantial evidence linking Nguni expansion to Delagoa Bay is Fynn's brief allusion to Dingiswayo
  • Second, the precolonial Nguni economy pivoted around the production of cattle and crops. Even during the nineteenth century trade held, at best, a secondary role.
  • The most dramatic difference between this map and one he constructs for 1950 is that the latter reflects almost no forest or scrubfores
  • ry. The conflict that appears to have been widespread immediately prior to the emergence of Shaka, may have reflected the efforts of ruling lineages to extend their polities over the most favorable ecological zone
  • An analysis of Ndwandwe, Mthethwa and Qwabe expansion in the eighteenth century reflects three goals of each: 1) to dominate versatile pasturage; 2) to control fertile river valleys and coastal lowlands; and 3) to dominate defensible hill regions to protect precious economic assets, such as cattle and grain.26
  • g the northern Nguni . . . must also be understood as encompassing a major social transformation cen
  • The Historian Given the spotty oral and documentary evidence, it is doubtful that scholars will ever know "precisely why the long-established equilibrium among the small autonomous northern Nguni chiefdoms rather suddenly collapsed."42 Yet it now seems clear that this collapse was not sudden, and it involved significant ideological, as well as socio-political change. At the same time scholars have also exaggerated the military features of the Zulu kingdom, thus missing the more complex character of Nguni amabutho. And finally, the extent of population loss on the highveld as a result of the Shakan wars remains unknown. Afrikaners may not have trekked into a demographic vacuum. Since dramatic depopulation is not a proven historical fact, it should not be treated as such. To do so, one risks contributing to the political mythology of apartheid.
    • olwethusilindile
       
      is the loss of stability in relation to supply or demand
    • olwethusilindile
       
      is a specified word , usually of another language
    • olwethusilindile
       
      Given the patchy oral and written records, it is unlikely that researchers will ever fully understand "precisely why the long-established equilibrium among the small autonomous northern Nguni chief doms rather suddenly collapsed."42 However, it is now apparent that this collapse was not abrupt and that it encompassed a considerable shift in ideologies as well as sociopolitics. At the same time, researchers have overemphasized the military prowess of the Zulu empire, omitting the more nuanced personality of Nguni amabutho. Finally, it is unknown how much of the highveld's population was displaced by the Shaka's conflicts. The demographic void that the Afrikaners entered might not have existed. Dramatic depopulation should not be accepted as historical fact because it has not been established. One runs the danger of causing the apartheid
    • olwethusilindile
       
      Given the patchy oral and written records, it is unlikely that researchers will ever fully understand "precisely why the long-established equilibrium among the small autonomous northern Nguni chief doms rather suddenly collapsed."42 However, it is now apparent that this collapse was not abrupt and that it encompassed a considerable shift in ideologies as well as sociopolitics. At the same time, researchers have overemphasized the military prowess of the Zulu empire, omitting the more nuanced personality of Nguni amabutho. Finally, it is unknown how much of the highveld's population was displaced by the Shaka's conflicts. The demographic void that the Afrikaners entered might not have existed. Dramatic depopulation should not be accepted as historical fact because it has not been established. One runs the danger of causing the apartheid
  • The Bloody Story of the Zulu War of 18
    • olwethusilindile
       
      how truthful is this? the Nguni never run out of the place
buhlebendalo

I Will Gather All Nations and Tongues': Christian Missions and Racial Integration in th... - 1 views

  •  
    The article shows how some missionaries wanted to integrate all peoples of southern Africa under Christianity regardless of of language and racial differences.
dlangudlangu

Kenya's big bonfire of ivory | Environment | Al Jazeera - 1 views

  •  
    Picture 5 of the 9 pictures in this websites shows firemans standing by at the ready, as pyres of ivory are set on fire following an instruction from the Kenyan president, Uhuru Kenyatta. The president was sending a message that the ivory trade or any trade in animal parts must come to an end. Thousands of elephant tusks and rhino horns were destroyed in Nairobi National Park, Kenya.
nsndzimande

Celebrating David Livingstone In Tanzania | African Safari Blog - 1 views

  • iconic
    • nsndzimande
       
      This is a term used to define thee greatest explorer, David Livingstone.
  • His three C's of "Christianity, Commerce and Civilisation"
    • nsndzimande
       
      Livingstone was on a mission to bring about development in Africa, not just in terms of religions but the other sectors as well. He wanted improve the way people lived.
  • scramble for Africa
    • nsndzimande
       
      The period where European colonisers divided the unexplored (dark) parts of the continent and turned them into colonies. Africa was known as the "dark" continent for ages, up until explorers discovered many parts of it and it was not as "dark" as they said it was.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • no one can doubt his substantial achievements or his sincerity in achieving them
    • nsndzimande
       
      He performed every mission with utmost sincerity, David Livingstone as an explorer, served the people.
  • He was responsible for the conversion of huge numbers of Africans to Christianity.
    • nsndzimande
       
      One of the main reasons for his voyage was to spread Christianity in Africa, and he achieved that.
  • terra incognito
    • nsndzimande
       
      An unknown or unexplored territory.
  • He experimented extensively with quinine as an antidote to malaria.
    • nsndzimande
       
      During his voyage he still practiced as a medical doctor. His exploration was much to the benefit of the people.
thutomatlhoko

Shaka Zulu assassinated - 0 views

  • Shaka, founder of the Zulu Kingdom
    • thutomatlhoko
       
      Shaka Zulu was the greatest Zulu warrior and brought great honor to the kingdom.
  • Shaka’s mental illness threatened to destroy the Zulu tribe.
    • thutomatlhoko
       
      He became thirsty for blood, wanting to brutally kill his opponents. Shaka openly became psychotic.
  • Shaka proved a brilliant military organizer, forming well-commanded regiments and arming his warriors with assegais, a new type of long-bladed, short spear that was easy to wield and deadly.
    • thutomatlhoko
       
      Shaka Zulu was systematic when reorganising the Zulu warriors as well as improving their weapons.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • n 1827, Shaka’s mother, Nandi, died, and the Zulu leader lost his mind. In his grief, Shaka had hundreds of Zulus killed,
    • thutomatlhoko
       
      he became psychotic.
moputit

Hermann Habenicht's Spezialkarte von Afrika - A Unique Cartographic Record of African E... - 1 views

shared by moputit on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • As international interest in Africa had begun to focus on the Congo region that Stanley was in the process of opening up, Léopold II seized the opportunity of this conference to found the Association Internationale Africaine (AIA) with the objective of establishing scientific exploration stations from coast to coast, starting in the east.
    • moputit
       
      Leopold began scientific explorations stations from coast to coast at the time Africa was of interest to the rest of the world.
  • Larger-scale regional maps were now needed — and were produced in profusion across Europe, to substantiate, both administratively and commercially, the consolidation of newly acquired European possessions. As the market for up-to-date maps grew in the European nations engaged in colonizing Africa, so did the cartographic output by geographical establishments and societies
  • In the end, the relatively large scale of 1:4,000,000, a cartographic novelty, was adopted for this map. It placed the project in between the smaller scale maps of the continent 12 and the new and ambitious venture by French Captain Régnauld de Lannoy de Bissy, who in 1881 had begun to publish his 1:2,000,000 map of Africa in sixty-three sheets, which we will come to later. Habenicht’s introduction to the first edition of the map in 1885 discusses the matter of scale in some detail. Within just over six months, from the end of 1884 to July 1885, the first installment was ready. The entire map in ten sheets was published by April 1886, less than a year and a half after the launch of the project — a major achievement by any standards of the time and testament to the capabilities of the cartographic enterprise in Gotha.
    • moputit
       
      Habenicht's map had a significant impact on African explorations
moputit

Black Explorers of Africa Pioneers in Pan-African Identity.pdf - 1 views

shared by moputit on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • One can read of African exploration and come away with the impression that blacks who served in the exploring parties were rarely more than porters- perhaps a few served as "native guides" or interpreters. The facts surrounding several of the more important black explorers show that not only did they open new territories and contribute well-written accounts to the growing body of information and literature about Africe circulating in the Western World, but that as blacks, their motives and concerns were entirely different from those of white explorers, providing elements of a growing sense of African nationalism and panAfrican iden
    • moputit
       
      Explorers such as Mungo Park and Hendrich Barth helped enlighten Europeans from the indoctrination they had about African literature
  • or. The explorers to be discussed here are Samuel Crowther, who was involved in expeditions to the interior of Nigeria in 1841 , 1854 and 1857; Martin Delany and Robert Campbell, who in 1859-1860, under the guidance of Crowther, examined possible sites for a settlement of black Americans in Niger
    • moputit
       
      Black explorers who were slaves such as Samuel Crowther, despite his circumstances, were literate and thus published narratives of expeditions.
  • young Liberian surveyor, a graduate of Liberia College, Benjamin Anderson who had just completed a two-year appointment as Secretary of the Treasury, was commissioned to conduct an exploration of the interior in the highlands of the St. Pauls River with the objective of reaching Musardu, a Mohammedan city occupied by the Western Mandingoes.
kamogelomaake789

WO 32/7753: Overseas: South Africa (Code 0(AU)): Zulu War: Telegraphic Report on Battle... - 1 views

  •  
    Because Cetewayo, the Zulu king refused to comply with orders from mayor-general H.Clifford he returned his cattle and ordered his soldiers to keep watch of the Zulu troops and monitor their moves. When the Zulu troops moved and dispersed across all sides Clifford also prepared for war. The war started and Zulu troops were defeated after 30 minutes with a thousand of their ten thousand men killed, but the war was from over.
  •  
    This source explains how the Anglo-Zulu war took place and how it came to an end .
unathi444

Missionary+preaching+to+African+group - 2 views

shared by unathi444 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
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