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"What are the most important key performance indicators? There are, for example, indicators defining the temperature changes in reference rooms. This includes what is referred to as hours of overheating in summer. If the room temperature exceeds 26 degrees Celsius during more than 10 percent of the hours of use during a year, the room comfort is no longer achieved. Other indicators measure air quality. For example, there are CO2 sensors or so-called VOC-sensors that detect certain scents emitted by the users themselves. If the data exceed certain values, the performance in terms of air quality is not considered as good. In addition, there are energy performance indicators, such as an indicator for the overall energy efficiency of a building. We simply measure the energy that is supplied to the building. We then compare the data to pre-calculated values. We can then evaluate whether the building achieves the desired energy performance. Another indicator is the so-called net energy consumption. This is the energy that users actually have to pay for. "

"Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have not yet met commercial expectations from a decade ago, and now hot on its heels is graphene. Graphene is considered a hot candidate for applications such as computers, displays, photovoltaics, and flexible electronics. IDTechEx market forecasts indicate that CNT and graphene transistors may be commercially available in volume from 2015 onwards, according to the new report \"Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene for Electronics Applications 2011-2021\". According to IDTechEx, the biggest opportunity for both materials is in printed and potentially printed electronics, where the value of these devices that partly incorporate these materials will reach over $44 billion in 2021."

Access the database and content of the new WDI using a free eBook (PDF).

The Chinese government released its composite manufacturing PMI, which showed improved signs of broad industry growth in January, as the index rose to 50.5 from 50.3 in December. A figure above 50 indicates an expanding industry. The results also indicated variance between sub sectors. The new orders index was 50.6 up from 50.2 in December, however orders for intermediate goods manufacturing and the production of finished goods contracted. The manufacturing export sub sector PMI was down to 46.9 from 48.3 in December, which suggests an ongoing shift from exports to domestic demand. The contraction in exports included the intermediate goods manufacturing and the production of finished goods product sector. The Official China PMI in January is greater than the HSBC China Manufacturing PMI for the same month, which was 48.8. HSBC's PMI was up from 48.7 in December and suggests that the Chinese manufacturing industry is contracting. The HSBC PMI survey includes a greater proportion of smaller companies than the official survey.

""Our results indicate that areas of eastern Texas, Florida, the south-east and mid-Atlantic are areas where rapid population growth, acting in concert with a warming climate, will lead to a significant increase in exposure to heat extremes," says Jones."

Industrial, mining and property investors were still in a state of confusion over power utility Eskom's approach to new electricity connections, but the corporation promised on Tuesday that the issue would be clarified with the imminent release of a comprehensive policy, possibly by as early as next week. CEO Jacob Maroga - currently in Europe on a road show to expose potential investors to its R150-billion capital-raising plan - said last week that the utility had not yet determined just how much power could be allocated to new projects. However, he indicated that a needs analysis was under way in a bid to align its stretched supply profile to the new demand. Maroga also stressed that supply security could be markedly improved and space created for new connections if greater savings were achieved. In fact, he displayed a graph showing that Eskom's reserve margin, which was currently running at a paltry 6%, could rise to well above 10% by 2009 should its savings targets be met. "If we follow the 10% savings path, there will be space for new connections. But we need information from potential customers, which will tell us what is, in fact, possible," he said.

African Eagle Resources (AIM: AFE; AltX: AEA) today announced a 20% resource increase at its first copper project, Mkushi in Zambia, that will extend the life of the mine by two years. The project is the company's most advanced project and will generate first revenue for African Eagle over the next three to five years. Mark Parker, managing director of African Eagle, told Mineweb today the Mkushi project's feasibility study was scheduled to be completed by the fourth quarter of this year and the company plans to be in open pit production here by 2010. A full mining licence for the project has also been approved. The project's larger resource of 18.5mt at a grade of 0.83% copper has been upgraded to the indicated category which gives the company and investors greater confidence in it. The bigger resource has extended the life of the mine from six to about eight years, while its profitability level will still be further refined. Parker said the feasibility study has not produced any unwanted surprises at this stage and the company has covered any "unknown unknowns" around the project. Mkushi will produce about 30,000t of contained copper annually once the project is up and running.

Whatever specific actions governments take, executives indicate that support for innovation should be the overall focus of governments' actions, rather than help for existing industries or companies (Exhibit 6).

Johannesburg - Soaring costs eroded mining companies' revenues in 2007, a report released by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) on Tuesday indicated.

The road to grid parity for PV power generation will be difficult, needing five or more years to compete with utility power, unsubsidized, on a large scale, noted Mark Thirsk, managing partner at Linx Consulting, at a recent SEMI PV forecast luncheon (Sept. 18) in Santa Clara, CA Most input materials for PV production are in relative oversupply and will not constrain production, Thirsk pointed out - and for this reason manufacturers are conservative about capacity investment. In particular, his PV module production forecast (see Fig. 1, above) shows an overstep in demand in 2008. One reason for suppliers' reluctance to build capacity for entering the silicon supply chain is that it is an inefficient process. "Only about 15% of all the silicon going into the supply chain goes into the wafers, so it's a pretty wasteful and capital intensive process, so there is a lot of reluctance to build capacity," said Thirsk. Despite the efficiency challenges, Thirsk's forecast indicates that an oversupply may occur in 2009 Because >40% of PV grade silicon is lost at the wafering step, Thirsk believes this represents a significant opportunity for the right technology. Additionally, diamond wire is a potential replacement for slurry technology, but this technology is still immature. In the crystalline silicon (c-Si) value chain, Thirsk sees opportunities for optimizing mono-crystalline wafers with metal wrap technology and backside contacts; process optimization and material improvements would improve cell efficiency, and glass, wafer, backsheet, and grid improvements can enable more efficient light capture. Looking ahead, Thirsk told the audience that while thin-film technologies will enjoy strong growth "and may be more attractive to value-add materials and equipment suppliers, thin-film cell production will remain a minority share for the medium term." (see Fig. 3, below) He closed his presentation encouraging the creation of a Moore's Law type of roadmap for the PV

NEW DELHI: Riding on the back of improved performances and demand from the automobile and construction sectors, consumption of steel increased by 5.7 per cent to 4.45 million tonnes in February indicating a revival in demand, according to official sources.

"Prion proteins are unusual in that half of the protein has a well-defined structure, but the other half of it - where the binding occurs - is a flexible, random tangle," Hodak says. "When we looked at the so-called 'random' portion of the PrP where that binding occurs, we found that the copper ions lend stability to the overall protein. This stability may play a role in preventing PrPs from misfolding or aggregating - which indicates that with prion diseases, copper binding may be beneficial."

According to data released by the Japanese Electric Wire and Cable Makers' Association, wire and cable shipments in Japan amounted to an estimated 50,100t in August compared to 58,032t in July. On a y-o-y basis, that was a decline of 17.7%. While there are signs that market demand is improving, the figure indicates that the widely expected economic recovery is not solid yet.

ICSG 1 Feb 09 - Based on existing facilities and announced project developments, annual mine production capacity in the period 2009-2013 is expected to grow at an average rate of around 4.3% per year (%/yr) to reach 23.1 Mt in 2013, an increase of around 3.6 Mt (19%) from that in 2009. Of the total increase, copper in concentrate capacity is expected to increase by 2.7Mt (4.3%/yr) to reach 17.9 Mt and solvent extraction-electrowinning (SX-EW) production by 820,000t (4.4%/yr) to reach 5.2 Mt. Most of the new mine projects and expansions are located in Brazil, Chile, Congo, Mongolia, Peru, the United States and Zambia, which together account for around 2.6 Mt (73%) of the projected mine capacity increase during this period. Annual smelter capacity is projected to grow by an average of 2.6%/yr to reach 20.2 Mt in 2013, an increase of 2 Mt (11%) from that in 2009. Asia will be the leading contributor to growth (1.8 Mt), with expansions and new projects expected mostly in China, but also in India, Indonesia and Iran. Africa is the second leading contributor owing to developments in Zambia. North American smelting capacity will fall by 12% (250kt) due to closures of plants in Canada. The ICSG tabulations indicate that world refinery capacity will reach 26.6 Mt in 2013, an increase of 3.2 Mt (13%) from that in 2009. About 2.3 Mt of the expansion is expected to come from electrolytic refineries and 820,000t from electrowinning capacity. Electrolytic refinery capacity growth is projected to average 3.1%/yr, exceeding the projected growth in smelter capacity, and electrowinning capacity growth (at the refinery level) is expected to average 4.3%/yr. About one half (1.5 Mt) of the world refinery capacity increase during this period is expected to come from electrolytic refineries in China; about 25% (830,000 t) from electrolytic capacity increases in India, Indonesia and Iran; and about 20% (600,000 t) from electrowinning capacity increases in Congo, Peru and Zambia.

Figures released by the General Administration of Customs indicate that Chinese imports of refined copper rose by 8.8% m-o-m in July to reach this year's monthly peak level of 192kt. However, July's imports still represent a decline of 13.5% y-o-y and a year-to-date contraction of 30%. The month on month rise is attributed to the favourable SHFE/LME arbitrage during May and June. However, it remains to be seen whether the import figure indicates stronger Chinese copper consumer demand. Imports of copper scrap rose to 432kt in July, up by 14.2% y-o-y, which brought the total year-to-date figure up to 2.63Mt, up by 9.1% y-o-y.

"Demand for copper from auto sector is ok, he said. "[Demand from] energy projects which have big consumption [of copper wire rod] have gone down, but there is no indication that it shall continue to fall," he said during the 10th Asia copper conference in Shanghai. On the contrary, there are a lot of European energy projects in the pipeline, while China is also witnessing good demand"

Belden Inc, the NYSE-listed wire and cable manufacture, announced on 29th November that it is selling two of its business arms, Thermax and Raydex, to Carlisle Companies Inc for US$265M. The two companies, which make cable for the aerospace and defence industries, are expected to be sold by 31st December 2012. Belden Inc said the disposals were "in the interests of shareholders" and announced a US$200M share buyback alongside the announcement, indicating the proceeds of the sale will be largely returned to shareholders rather than re-invested.