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Hernan Cortez

Hernan Cortez

Hernan Cortez

Nicolaus Copernicus was born on 19 February 1473 in a house on St. Anne's Street (now Copernicus Street) in the city of TorunTorun Torun is a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River, with population over 207,190 as of 2006, making it the second largest city of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, after Bydgoszcz.... (Thorn). Torun, situated on the Vistula River, was part of Royal PrussiaRoyal Prussia Royal Prussia was a province of the Kingdom of Poland from 1466 and then the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1772. Royal Prussia included Pomerelia, Chelmno Land, Malbork Voivodeship, Gdansk, Torun, and Elblag.... , a region of the Kingdom of PolandKingdom of Poland (1385-1569) The Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons was the Poland state created by the accession of Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, to the Polish throne in 1386.... .

In 1491 Copernicus enrolled at the Kraków AcademyJagiellonian University The Jagiellonian University is located in Krak?w, Poland. Originally founded as Akademia Krakowska in 1364 by Casimir III of Poland, it is the second oldest university in Central Europe after the Charles University in Prague, and one of the List of oldest universities in continuous operation.... (now Jagiellonian University), where he probably first encountered astronomy with Professor Albert BrudzewskiAlbert Brudzewski Albert Brudzewski, also Albert Blar , Albert of Brudzewo or Wojciech Brudzewski was a Poland astronomy, mathematics, philosopher and diplomat.... . Astronomy soon fascinated him, and he began collecting a large library on the subject. Copernicus' library would later be carried off as war booty by the Swedes during "the Deluge"The Deluge (Polish history) In the history of Poland and History of Lithuania, the Deluge commonly refers to a series of wars in the mid-to-late 17th century which left the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in ruins.... and is now at the Uppsala University LibraryUppsala University Library Uppsala University Library in Sweden consists of 19 different branch libraries, with the largest being that housed in the old main library building, Carolina Rediviva.... .

After Charles VIII of France invaded Florence in 1494, the ruling Medici were overthrown and Savonarola emerged as the new leader of the city, combining in himself the role of secular leader and priest. He set up a republic in Florence. Characterizing it as a "Christian and religious Republic," one of its first acts was to make sodomy, previously punishable by fine, into a capital offence. Homosexuality had previously been tolerated in the city, and many homosexuals from the elite now chose to leave Florence.

Frederick was Pope Leo X's candidate for Holy Roman Emperor in 1519 - the pope had awarded him the Golden Rose of virtue on 3 September 1518 - but he helped secure the election of Charles V. Frederick ensured Luther would be heard before the Diet of Worms in 1521 and subsequently secured an exemption from the Edict of Worms for Saxony.

Indulgences replaced the severe penances of the early church

Frederick was Pope Leo X's candidate for Holy Roman Emperor in 1519 - the pope had awarded him the Golden Rose of virtue on 3 September 1518 - but he helped secure the election of Charles V. Frederick ensured Luther would be heard before the Diet of Worms in 1521 and subsequently secured an exemption from the Edict of Worms for Saxony.